南海三沙永乐龙洞古菌群落结构与多样性特征
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摘要
海洋蓝洞作为一种独特的海洋地貌单元,洞内的生物群落结构与生态系统特征一直是国内外同行学者关注的热点问题之一。南海三沙永乐龙洞是世界上最深的海洋蓝洞(300m),其独特的生态特征更为引入瞩目。本研究以古菌16S rRNA基因序列为目标,采用Illumina高通量测序技术对西沙永乐龙洞内水体与沉积物中的古菌群落结构进行了研究。结果表明,本研究所获得的古菌类群可归为4门、21纲、29目、42科、45属,广古菌和奇古菌是丰度最高的两种古菌。龙洞内表层水体中古菌群落多样性与洞外水体相差不大,但随深度增加,洞内古菌群落多样性显著降低,深水层古菌群落结构与浅水层差异显著。龙洞内沉积物中的古菌生存环境与水体差异巨大,为大量特殊物种提供了生存空间。侧壁沉积物中的古菌群落多样性随深度增加显著降低,而150m平台处古菌群落多样性则远高于侧壁沉积物。水温对龙洞内水体中的古菌群落结构具有显著影响(P<0.01)。研究结果显示永乐龙洞古菌群落有很高的多样性,其垂向分布与洞内环境多要素的变化密切相关。本研究对认识三沙永乐龙洞内的生态系统特征有显著意义。
Marine blue holes as a unique geomorphic unit, their organism community structure and ecosystem characteristics are widely interested by the peer scholars. The Yongle Blue Hole in Xisha, South China Sea is the deepest one(300 m) among the blue holes in the world. We studied the community structures of archaea in the water and sediments in the hole using 16 S rRNA gene-based Illumina high-throughput sequencing. The results showed that the archaea can be identified in 4 phyla, 21 classes, 29 orders, 42 families, and 45 genera. There were great differences in the living environment in the sediments and water. The hole provided a special ecological niche for the abundant archaea in the sediments. The community diversity of archaea on the sidewall of the hole decreased obviously with increase of the depth, whereas the archaeal diversity in the sediment on the 150 m depth platform was much higher than those in the sidewall. The temperature affected the community structure of archaea significantly(P<0.01). This study provides valuable data for further understanding the ecosystem of the Yongle Blue Hole as well as other anchialines in the world.
Marine blue holes as a unique geomorphic unit, their organism community structure and ecosystem characteristics are widely interested by the peer scholars. The Yongle Blue Hole in Xisha, South China Sea is the deepest one(300 m) among the blue holes in the world. We studied the community structures of archaea in the water and sediments in the hole using 16 S rRNA gene-based Illumina high-throughput sequencing. The results showed that the archaea can be identified in 4 phyla, 21 classes, 29 orders, 42 families, and 45 genera. There were great differences in the living environment in the sediments and water. The hole provided a special ecological niche for the abundant archaea in the sediments. The community diversity of archaea on the sidewall of the hole decreased obviously with increase of the depth, whereas the archaeal diversity in the sediment on the 150 m depth platform was much higher than those in the sidewall. The temperature affected the community structure of archaea significantly(P<0.01). This study provides valuable data for further understanding the ecosystem of the Yongle Blue Hole as well as other anchialines in the world.
引文
毕乃双,傅亮,陈洪举等,2018.南海三沙永乐龙洞关键水体环境要素特征及其影响因素.科学通报,63
刘焱雄,杜军,吴志霞等,2017.西沙永乐龙洞探秘前期调查工作综述.海洋科学进展,35(3):305-316
杜军,2017.全球最深海洋蓝洞--中国三沙永乐龙洞调查策略.海洋科学进展,35(4):593-595
张丽梅,贺纪正,2012.一个新的古菌类群--奇古菌门(Thaumarchaeota).微生物学报,52(4):411-421
Bishop R E,Kakuk B,Torres J J,2004.Life in the hypoxic and anoxic zones:metabolism and proximate composition of Caribbean troglobitic crustaceans with observations on the water chemistry of two anchialine caves.Journal of Crustacean Biology,24(3):379-392
Brochier-Armanet C,Boussau B,Gribaldo S et al,2008.Mesophilic crenarchaeota:proposal for a third archaeal phylum,the Thaumarchaeota.Nature Reviews Microbiology,6(3):245-252
Coolen M J L,Abbas B,van Bleijswijk J et al,2007.Putative ammonia-oxidizing Crenarchaeota in suboxic waters of the Black Sea:a basin-wide ecological study using 16Sribosomal and functional genes and membrane lipids.Environmental Microbiology,9(4):1001-1016
Gerovasileiou V,Martínez A,álvarez F et al,2016.World Register of marine Cave Species(WoRCS):a new thematic species database for marine and anchialine cave biodiversity.Research Ideas and Outcomes,2:e10451
Hallam S J,Mincer T J,Schleper C et al,2006.Pathways of carbon assimilation and ammonia oxidation suggested by environmental genomic analyses of marine Crenarchaeota.PLoS One,4(12):e437
Iliffe T M,2000.Anchialine cave ecology.In:Wilkens H,Culver D C,Humphreys W F eds.Ecosystems of the World:Subterranean Ecosystems.Amsterdam:Elsevier,30:59-76
Iliffe T M,2004.Anchialine caves,biodiversity.In:Culver D C,White W B eds.Encyclopedia of Caves.Burlington,MA:Elsevier,24-30
Liu J W,Liu X S,Wang M et al,2015.Bacterial and archaeal communities in sediments of the north Chinese marginal seas.Microbial Ecology,70(1):105-117
Liu J W,Yang H M,Zhao M X et al,2014b.Spatial distribution patterns of benthic microbial communities along the Pearl Estuary,China.Systematic and Applied Microbiology,37(8):578-589
Liu J W,Yu S L,Zhao M X et al,2014a.Shifts in archaeaplankton community structure along ecological gradients of Pearl Estuary.FEMS Microbiology Ecology,90(2):424-435
Munson M A,Nedwell D B,Embley T M,1997.Phylogenetic diversity of Archaea in sediment samples from a coastal salt marsh.Applied and Environmental Microbiology,63(12):4729-4733
Nicol G W,Schleper C,2006.Ammonia-oxidising Crenarchaeota:important players in the nitrogen cycle?Trends in Microbiology,14(5):207-212
Porat I,Vishnivetskaya T A,Mosher J J et al,2010.Characterization of archaeal community in contaminated and uncontaminated surface stream sediments.Microbial Ecology,60(4):784-795
Seymour J R,Humphreys W F,Mitchell J G,2007.Stratification of the microbial community inhabiting an anchialine sinkhole.Aquatic Microbial Ecology,50:11-24
Shehab N,Li D,Amy G L et al,2013.Characterization of bacterial and archaeal communities in air-cathode microbial fuel cells,open circuit and sealed-off reactors.Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology,97(22):9885-9895
Spang A,Hatzenpichler R,Brochier-Armanet C et al,2010.Distinct gene set in two different lineages of ammoniaoxidizing archaea supports the phylum Thaumarchaeota.Trends in Microbiology,18(8):331-340
刘焱雄,杜军,吴志霞等,2017.西沙永乐龙洞探秘前期调查工作综述.海洋科学进展,35(3):305-316
杜军,2017.全球最深海洋蓝洞--中国三沙永乐龙洞调查策略.海洋科学进展,35(4):593-595
张丽梅,贺纪正,2012.一个新的古菌类群--奇古菌门(Thaumarchaeota).微生物学报,52(4):411-421
Bishop R E,Kakuk B,Torres J J,2004.Life in the hypoxic and anoxic zones:metabolism and proximate composition of Caribbean troglobitic crustaceans with observations on the water chemistry of two anchialine caves.Journal of Crustacean Biology,24(3):379-392
Brochier-Armanet C,Boussau B,Gribaldo S et al,2008.Mesophilic crenarchaeota:proposal for a third archaeal phylum,the Thaumarchaeota.Nature Reviews Microbiology,6(3):245-252
Coolen M J L,Abbas B,van Bleijswijk J et al,2007.Putative ammonia-oxidizing Crenarchaeota in suboxic waters of the Black Sea:a basin-wide ecological study using 16Sribosomal and functional genes and membrane lipids.Environmental Microbiology,9(4):1001-1016
Gerovasileiou V,Martínez A,álvarez F et al,2016.World Register of marine Cave Species(WoRCS):a new thematic species database for marine and anchialine cave biodiversity.Research Ideas and Outcomes,2:e10451
Hallam S J,Mincer T J,Schleper C et al,2006.Pathways of carbon assimilation and ammonia oxidation suggested by environmental genomic analyses of marine Crenarchaeota.PLoS One,4(12):e437
Iliffe T M,2000.Anchialine cave ecology.In:Wilkens H,Culver D C,Humphreys W F eds.Ecosystems of the World:Subterranean Ecosystems.Amsterdam:Elsevier,30:59-76
Iliffe T M,2004.Anchialine caves,biodiversity.In:Culver D C,White W B eds.Encyclopedia of Caves.Burlington,MA:Elsevier,24-30
Liu J W,Liu X S,Wang M et al,2015.Bacterial and archaeal communities in sediments of the north Chinese marginal seas.Microbial Ecology,70(1):105-117
Liu J W,Yang H M,Zhao M X et al,2014b.Spatial distribution patterns of benthic microbial communities along the Pearl Estuary,China.Systematic and Applied Microbiology,37(8):578-589
Liu J W,Yu S L,Zhao M X et al,2014a.Shifts in archaeaplankton community structure along ecological gradients of Pearl Estuary.FEMS Microbiology Ecology,90(2):424-435
Munson M A,Nedwell D B,Embley T M,1997.Phylogenetic diversity of Archaea in sediment samples from a coastal salt marsh.Applied and Environmental Microbiology,63(12):4729-4733
Nicol G W,Schleper C,2006.Ammonia-oxidising Crenarchaeota:important players in the nitrogen cycle?Trends in Microbiology,14(5):207-212
Porat I,Vishnivetskaya T A,Mosher J J et al,2010.Characterization of archaeal community in contaminated and uncontaminated surface stream sediments.Microbial Ecology,60(4):784-795
Seymour J R,Humphreys W F,Mitchell J G,2007.Stratification of the microbial community inhabiting an anchialine sinkhole.Aquatic Microbial Ecology,50:11-24
Shehab N,Li D,Amy G L et al,2013.Characterization of bacterial and archaeal communities in air-cathode microbial fuel cells,open circuit and sealed-off reactors.Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology,97(22):9885-9895
Spang A,Hatzenpichler R,Brochier-Armanet C et al,2010.Distinct gene set in two different lineages of ammoniaoxidizing archaea supports the phylum Thaumarchaeota.Trends in Microbiology,18(8):331-340