渤海湾盆地冀中坳陷寒武纪岩相古地理及其演化
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摘要
冀中坳陷位于渤海湾盆地西部,是发育在华北地台之上的中—新生代沉积坳陷,在寒武系主要发育海相碳酸盐岩。从寒武系露头剖面入手,结合钻井地层,建立露头和钻井之间的地层对比格架。对单井相、地震相、连井相的研究表明,冀中坳陷在寒武纪构造活动平缓,各区域的地层厚度差异小。通过野外露头剖面实测、岩心观察、样品分析以及各岩性含量的统计,识别出了台地、缓坡、陆棚等3种相类型。台地相中可以识别出潮坪、局限台地、开阔台地、鲕粒滩、竹叶状砾屑滩等5种类型。潮坪主要指潮上坪和潮间坪,并进一步识别出了潮上泥坪、潮上云坪、潮上云灰坪、潮间灰坪等类型。基于各沉积相类型的分析,建立了冀中坳陷寒武系的碳酸盐岩沉积相模式,并编制了9张岩相古地理图。对古地理的研究表明,冀中坳陷在府君山期开始海侵,发育了局限台地和潮坪;至馒头期、毛庄期海侵进一步发展,主要发育了潮上泥坪;到徐庄期以后,潮坪、鲕粒滩共存,并在张夏期海侵达到高潮。崮山期开始海退,潮坪沉积又开始出现。长山期、凤山期进一步海退,分别发育了竹叶状砾屑滩和潮上云坪、潮间灰坪等。
The Jizhong Depression located within western of the Bohai Bay Basin is a Mesozoic-Cenozoic sedimentary depression developed on the North China Platform. The Cambrian strata are well preserved in the depression,and mainly consists of marine carbonate rocks. Based on the correlation of outcrops and wells of the Cambrian age,the stratigraphic framework in the depression is established. Studies of single well facies,seismic facies,and well cross-section facies indicate that tectonic activity was weak during the Cambrian in the Jizhong Depression,and the difference in stratigraphic thickness between different areas is small. Through outcrop measurements,core observations and sample analyses,the relative proportion of each lithology is calculated,and three types of sedimentary facies including platform,gentle slope,and shelf facies are identified. Five subfacies types,i.e.,the tidal flat,the restricted platform,the open platform,the oolitic bank,and the flat-pebble conglomerate bank are recognized. The tidal flats are further classified into mudstone flat,dolostone flat,dolomitic limestone flat,limestone flat. Based on the analysis of each lithofacies type,the depositional model of the Cambrian strata in the Jizhong Depression was established,and nine lithofacies palaeogeographic maps were compiled. Palaeogeographic reconstructions suggest that the initial transgression developed in the Fujunshan age,and the restricted platform and the tidal flat formed in the northern part of the Jizhong Depression. During the Mantou age and Maozhuang age,the scope of transgression gradually expanded,and the mudstone flat was developed; in the Xuzhuang age,the tidal flat and the oolitic bank coexisted,and the sea level reached the highest during the Zhangxia age. At the beginning of the Gushan age,the sea level fell and the tidal flat reappeared. In the Changshan age and Fengshan age,the regression continued,and the flat-pebble conglomerate bank,dolostone flat,and limestone flat were developed.
The Jizhong Depression located within western of the Bohai Bay Basin is a Mesozoic-Cenozoic sedimentary depression developed on the North China Platform. The Cambrian strata are well preserved in the depression,and mainly consists of marine carbonate rocks. Based on the correlation of outcrops and wells of the Cambrian age,the stratigraphic framework in the depression is established. Studies of single well facies,seismic facies,and well cross-section facies indicate that tectonic activity was weak during the Cambrian in the Jizhong Depression,and the difference in stratigraphic thickness between different areas is small. Through outcrop measurements,core observations and sample analyses,the relative proportion of each lithology is calculated,and three types of sedimentary facies including platform,gentle slope,and shelf facies are identified. Five subfacies types,i.e.,the tidal flat,the restricted platform,the open platform,the oolitic bank,and the flat-pebble conglomerate bank are recognized. The tidal flats are further classified into mudstone flat,dolostone flat,dolomitic limestone flat,limestone flat. Based on the analysis of each lithofacies type,the depositional model of the Cambrian strata in the Jizhong Depression was established,and nine lithofacies palaeogeographic maps were compiled. Palaeogeographic reconstructions suggest that the initial transgression developed in the Fujunshan age,and the restricted platform and the tidal flat formed in the northern part of the Jizhong Depression. During the Mantou age and Maozhuang age,the scope of transgression gradually expanded,and the mudstone flat was developed; in the Xuzhuang age,the tidal flat and the oolitic bank coexisted,and the sea level reached the highest during the Zhangxia age. At the beginning of the Gushan age,the sea level fell and the tidal flat reappeared. In the Changshan age and Fengshan age,the regression continued,and the flat-pebble conglomerate bank,dolostone flat,and limestone flat were developed.
引文
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