东海区海-气界面二氧化碳分压的分布变化特征
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摘要
根据2015-2016年期间在东海区二氧化碳(CO_2)调查所得的表层海水二氧化碳分压(p(CO_2))、温度(t)、盐度(S)、pH值等资料,分析并讨论了东海区海-气界面(p(CO_2))的分布变化和季节变化特征,并对其变化影响因素等进行探讨分析。研究表明:东海区p(CO_2)的分布大致呈现"近岸区-陆架区-外海区"的差异,就整个调查海区表层海水的p(CO_2)平均分布而言:秋季>夏季>冬季>春季,大气的p(CO_2)水平大小顺序为:春季>秋季>夏季>冬季,且四季总体均表现为大气CO_2的汇。东海区水系情况复杂,表层海水p(CO_2)分布主要受长江冲淡水、东海陆架水、黑潮水和黄海沿岸流四大水系的影响。总体上受冬季和秋末的海水垂直混和作用和夏季、春末和秋初的生物活动的影响。
According to the carbon dioxide(p(CO_2)),temperature(t),salinity(S)and pH of the surface seawater obtained from the survey of carbon dioxide(CO_2)in the East Sea region from 2015 to 2016,a survey of seasonal distribution characteristics of p(CO_2)in the East China Sea were analyzed and discussed.The results show that the distribution of p(CO_2)in the East Sea area roughly shows the difference among the offshore area,the continental shelf area and the outer sea area.In terms of the average distribution of p(CO_2)in surface seawater of the survey area,they are higher in autumn and summer than that in winter and spring,while p(CO_2)level of the atmosphere are higher in spring and autumn than that in summer and winter,and the seasons are all represented by the exchange of atmospheric CO_2.The water system in the East Sea area is complicated,and p(CO_2)distribution of surface seawater is mainly affected by the four major water systems of the Yangtze River,the continental shelf water,the black tide,and the coastal current of the Yellow Sea.It is generally affected by the vertical mixing of water in winter and late autumn and the biological activity in summer,late spring and early autumn.
According to the carbon dioxide(p(CO_2)),temperature(t),salinity(S)and pH of the surface seawater obtained from the survey of carbon dioxide(CO_2)in the East Sea region from 2015 to 2016,a survey of seasonal distribution characteristics of p(CO_2)in the East China Sea were analyzed and discussed.The results show that the distribution of p(CO_2)in the East Sea area roughly shows the difference among the offshore area,the continental shelf area and the outer sea area.In terms of the average distribution of p(CO_2)in surface seawater of the survey area,they are higher in autumn and summer than that in winter and spring,while p(CO_2)level of the atmosphere are higher in spring and autumn than that in summer and winter,and the seasons are all represented by the exchange of atmospheric CO_2.The water system in the East Sea area is complicated,and p(CO_2)distribution of surface seawater is mainly affected by the four major water systems of the Yangtze River,the continental shelf water,the black tide,and the coastal current of the Yellow Sea.It is generally affected by the vertical mixing of water in winter and late autumn and the biological activity in summer,late spring and early autumn.
引文
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[8]刘哲,罗晓凡,魏皓,等.长江营养盐浓度的增加对邻近海区海-气CO2通量的影响[J].天津科技大学学报,2016,40(2):73-78.Liu Zhe,Luo Xiaofan,Wei Hao,et al. Influence of increasing nutrients of the Changjiang River on air-sea CO2flux in adjacent seas[J]. Journal of Tianjing University of Science&Technology,2016,40(2):73-78.
[9] Cooper D J,Watson A J,Ling R D.Variation of p(CO2)along a North Atlantic(U. K. to Caribbean):a year of automated observations[J]. Marine Chemistry Shipping Route,1998,60(1):147-164.
[10]曲宝晓,宋金明,袁华茂,等.东海海-气界面二氧化碳通量的季节变化与控制因素研究进展[J].地球科学进展,2013,28(7):783-793.Qu Baoxiao,Song Jinming,Yuan Huamao,et al. Advances of seasonal variations and controlling factors of the air-sea CO2flux in the East China Sea[J]. Advances in Earth Science,2013,28(7):783-793.
[11] Takahashi T,Olafsson J,Goddard J G, et al. Seasonal variation of CO2and nutrients in the high-latitude surface oceans:a comparative study[J]. Global Biogeochemical Cycles,1993,7(4):843-878.
[12]翁学传,王从敏.台湾暖流深层水变化特征的分析[J].海洋与湖沼,1983,14(4):357-366.Weng Xuechuan,Wang Congmin. An analysis of variational characteristics of the deep water of Taiwan warm current[J]. Oceanologia Et Limnologia Sinica,1983,14(4):357-366.
[13]谭燕,张龙军,王凡,等.夏季东海西部表层海水中的p(CO2)及海-气界面通量[J].海洋与湖沼,2004,35(3):239-245.Tan Yan,Zhang Longjun,Wang Fan,et al. Summer surface water p(CO2)and CO2fiux at air-sea interface in western part of the East China Sea[J]. Oceanologia Et Limnologia Sinica,2004,35(3):239-245.
[14] Tseng C M,Liu K K,Gong G C,et al. CO2uptake in the East China Sea relying on Changjiang runoff is prone to change[J]. Geophysical Research Letters,2011,38(24):24609-24615.
[15]陈鑫,宋金明,袁华茂,等.东海2012年夏季海-气界面碳交换及其区域碳汇强度变化趋势初探[J].海洋学报,2014,36(12):18-31.Chen Xin,Song Jinming,Yuan Huamao,et al. CO2fluxes across the air-sea interface of the East China Sea in summer2012 and the change tendency of regional carbon sink strength[J]. Acta Oceanologica Sinica, 2014,36(12):18-31.
[16] Inoue H,Sugimura Y,Fushimi K. p(CO2)and13C in the air and surface sea water in the western North Pacific[J]. Tellus,1987,39(1):223-242.
[2]胡敦欣,马黎明,张龙军.东海:大气二氧化碳的一个汇,东海海洋通量关键过程[M].北京:海洋出版社, 2001:140-149.Hu Dunxin,Ma Liming,Zhang Longjun. East China Sea:a Sink of Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide, a Key Process of Ocean Flux in the East China Sea[M]. Beijing:Ocean Press,2001:140-149.
[3]张龙军.东海海-气界面二氧化碳通量研究[D].青岛:中国海洋大学,2003:6-7.Zhang Longjun. Study on Carbon Dioxide Flux at Sea-Air Interface in the East China Sea[D]. Qingdao:Ocean University of China, 2003:6-7.
[4]叶林安,王莉波,江志法,等. 2015年东海区营养盐的分布变化特征[J].上海海洋大学学报,2017,26(3):432-439.Ye Lin'an,Wang Libo,Jiang Zhifa,et al. Seasonal variations of distribution characteristics of nutrients in the East China Sea in 2015[J]. Journal of Shanghai Ocean University, 2017,26(3):432-439.
[5]张远辉,黄自强,马黎明,等.东海表层水二氧化碳及其海气通量[J].台湾海峡,1997,16(1):37-42.Zhang Yuanhui,Huang Ziqiang,Ma Liming,et al. Carbon dioxide in surface water and its flux in East China Sea[J].Journal of Oceanography in Taiwan Strait,1997,16(1):37-42.
[6]李岩,张龙军,苏征,等.长江口淡水端淡、盐水混合表层p(CO2)的急剧变化及其影响机制[J].中国海洋大学学报:自然科学版,2006,36(2):295-298.Li Yan,Zhang Longjun,Su Zheng,et al. Rapid variation of p(CO2)and its influencing factors at the initial mixing stage of freshwater and saltwater in the Changjiang River estuary[J]. Periodical of Ocean University of China:Natural Science Edition, 2006,36(2):295-298.
[7]胡玉斌,刘春颖,杨佳朋,等.秋季东海和南黄海表层海水CO2体系各参数分布及海-气界面通量[J].中国海洋大学学报:自然科学版,2016,31(6):55-63.Hu Yubin,Liu Chunying,Yang Jiapeng,et al. The horizontal distributions of CO2system parameters and sea-air flux in the southern Yellow Sea and East China Sea in autumn[J]. Periodical of Ocean University of China:Natural Science Edition,2016,31(6):55-63.
[8]刘哲,罗晓凡,魏皓,等.长江营养盐浓度的增加对邻近海区海-气CO2通量的影响[J].天津科技大学学报,2016,40(2):73-78.Liu Zhe,Luo Xiaofan,Wei Hao,et al. Influence of increasing nutrients of the Changjiang River on air-sea CO2flux in adjacent seas[J]. Journal of Tianjing University of Science&Technology,2016,40(2):73-78.
[9] Cooper D J,Watson A J,Ling R D.Variation of p(CO2)along a North Atlantic(U. K. to Caribbean):a year of automated observations[J]. Marine Chemistry Shipping Route,1998,60(1):147-164.
[10]曲宝晓,宋金明,袁华茂,等.东海海-气界面二氧化碳通量的季节变化与控制因素研究进展[J].地球科学进展,2013,28(7):783-793.Qu Baoxiao,Song Jinming,Yuan Huamao,et al. Advances of seasonal variations and controlling factors of the air-sea CO2flux in the East China Sea[J]. Advances in Earth Science,2013,28(7):783-793.
[11] Takahashi T,Olafsson J,Goddard J G, et al. Seasonal variation of CO2and nutrients in the high-latitude surface oceans:a comparative study[J]. Global Biogeochemical Cycles,1993,7(4):843-878.
[12]翁学传,王从敏.台湾暖流深层水变化特征的分析[J].海洋与湖沼,1983,14(4):357-366.Weng Xuechuan,Wang Congmin. An analysis of variational characteristics of the deep water of Taiwan warm current[J]. Oceanologia Et Limnologia Sinica,1983,14(4):357-366.
[13]谭燕,张龙军,王凡,等.夏季东海西部表层海水中的p(CO2)及海-气界面通量[J].海洋与湖沼,2004,35(3):239-245.Tan Yan,Zhang Longjun,Wang Fan,et al. Summer surface water p(CO2)and CO2fiux at air-sea interface in western part of the East China Sea[J]. Oceanologia Et Limnologia Sinica,2004,35(3):239-245.
[14] Tseng C M,Liu K K,Gong G C,et al. CO2uptake in the East China Sea relying on Changjiang runoff is prone to change[J]. Geophysical Research Letters,2011,38(24):24609-24615.
[15]陈鑫,宋金明,袁华茂,等.东海2012年夏季海-气界面碳交换及其区域碳汇强度变化趋势初探[J].海洋学报,2014,36(12):18-31.Chen Xin,Song Jinming,Yuan Huamao,et al. CO2fluxes across the air-sea interface of the East China Sea in summer2012 and the change tendency of regional carbon sink strength[J]. Acta Oceanologica Sinica, 2014,36(12):18-31.
[16] Inoue H,Sugimura Y,Fushimi K. p(CO2)and13C in the air and surface sea water in the western North Pacific[J]. Tellus,1987,39(1):223-242.