PAC/BPAC-UF对二级出水中有机物去除及膜污染情况对比
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摘要
目前对溶解性污染物去除效能较低和膜污染严重的问题是超滤(Ultrafiltration,UF)技术的瓶颈,为了改善城市污水处理厂二级出水水质和UF技术的运行稳定性,利用粉末活性炭(Powdered Activated Carbon,PAC)-UF和生物粉末活性炭(Biological Powdered Activated Carbon,BPAC)-UF 2种组合工艺对污水处理厂二级出水进行深度处理。通过DOC、三维荧光、膜通量变化、膜阻力分布及微生物群落结构分布的分析方法,对比研究2种组合工艺对有机物的去除效果,考察不同投加量下PAC和BPAC对膜污染的缓解程度。结果表明,在最佳投加量下2种组合工艺对有机物的去除效果均优于直接UF,膜污染得到有效缓解。具体而言,PAC-UF和BPAC-UF对溶解性有机物的去除效果相差不大,PAC-UF略优于BPAC-UF;对于蛋白质类、腐殖酸类和微生物副产物类有机物,BPAC-UF较PAC-UF的处理效果更优; BPAC-UF较PAC-UF对缓解膜比通量下降和膜污染阻力增长有更好的效能。由于BPAC上微生物的吸附和生物降解作用,BPAC-UF工艺经济适用性较好,BPAC-UF可以作为一种有效的再生水深度处理方法。
This paper intends to focus the way on how to improve the secondary effluent quality from a municipal sewage processing plant and the processing stability by using the ultrafiltration( UF) technology in combination with the powdered activated carbon( PAC) and the biologically powdered activated carbon( BPAC). As a matter of fact,the synthesis of the biological powdered activated carbon( BPAC)-UF and the powdered activated carbon( PAC)-UF can be found with a much better removal effect on the dissolved organic matters in the secondary effluent,for it can help to alleviate and get rid of the membrane pollution to a certain extent. Nevertheless,the treating effects of the2 processes have also to be found in quite a great difference,which makes us feel the need for more profound investigation and examination so as to compare and search for superior approaches to improving the secondary effluent by joining the 2 processes of PAC-UF and BPAC-UF into one in our experiment. The actual measure we have taken can be illustrated as follows: The removal effect of the organic substances by the above said 2 combined processes has been compared and contrasted so as to find the different degree and extent of the membrane fouling by way of PAC and BPAC in different dosages. And,consequently,the removal effect gained brom the PAC/BPAC-UF combined process on the secondary effluent can be compared and analyzed by using a TOC-VCPH total organic carbon analyzer and F-4600 3-D fluorescence one. Simultaneously,the membrane fouling mitigation has been analyzed and examined to trace the membrane flux mitigation with the membrane resistance analysis method and the microbial community structure distribution analysis one. The results of the above analyses show that under the optimal dosage,the synthesis effects of the 2 processes on the organic substances prove better than the direct UF,with the membrane fouling being effectively alleviated. Specifically speaking,since the PAC-UF and BPAC-UF methods can produce similar effects on the removal of dissolved organic carbon( DOC),it would be better to choose the PAC-UF than BPAC-UF. For,protein,humic acid and microbial by-products,BPAC-UF is better than PAC-UF.When the dosage of PAC/BPAC40 is equal to mg/L,it would be possible for the membrane specific flux of BPAC-UF and PACUF to be increased by 29. 0% and 35. 5%,respectively,whereas the membrane resistance can be reduced by 16. 3% and20. 1%,correspondingly. This is because BPAC-UF enjoys better performance than that of PAC-UF in increasing the membrane specific flux and mitigating membrane fouling resistance. Hence,BPAC-UF proves to be better as an effective treatment method for reclaimed water just due to its adsorption and biodegradation of microorganisms for its economic applicability,.
This paper intends to focus the way on how to improve the secondary effluent quality from a municipal sewage processing plant and the processing stability by using the ultrafiltration( UF) technology in combination with the powdered activated carbon( PAC) and the biologically powdered activated carbon( BPAC). As a matter of fact,the synthesis of the biological powdered activated carbon( BPAC)-UF and the powdered activated carbon( PAC)-UF can be found with a much better removal effect on the dissolved organic matters in the secondary effluent,for it can help to alleviate and get rid of the membrane pollution to a certain extent. Nevertheless,the treating effects of the2 processes have also to be found in quite a great difference,which makes us feel the need for more profound investigation and examination so as to compare and search for superior approaches to improving the secondary effluent by joining the 2 processes of PAC-UF and BPAC-UF into one in our experiment. The actual measure we have taken can be illustrated as follows: The removal effect of the organic substances by the above said 2 combined processes has been compared and contrasted so as to find the different degree and extent of the membrane fouling by way of PAC and BPAC in different dosages. And,consequently,the removal effect gained brom the PAC/BPAC-UF combined process on the secondary effluent can be compared and analyzed by using a TOC-VCPH total organic carbon analyzer and F-4600 3-D fluorescence one. Simultaneously,the membrane fouling mitigation has been analyzed and examined to trace the membrane flux mitigation with the membrane resistance analysis method and the microbial community structure distribution analysis one. The results of the above analyses show that under the optimal dosage,the synthesis effects of the 2 processes on the organic substances prove better than the direct UF,with the membrane fouling being effectively alleviated. Specifically speaking,since the PAC-UF and BPAC-UF methods can produce similar effects on the removal of dissolved organic carbon( DOC),it would be better to choose the PAC-UF than BPAC-UF. For,protein,humic acid and microbial by-products,BPAC-UF is better than PAC-UF.When the dosage of PAC/BPAC40 is equal to mg/L,it would be possible for the membrane specific flux of BPAC-UF and PACUF to be increased by 29. 0% and 35. 5%,respectively,whereas the membrane resistance can be reduced by 16. 3% and20. 1%,correspondingly. This is because BPAC-UF enjoys better performance than that of PAC-UF in increasing the membrane specific flux and mitigating membrane fouling resistance. Hence,BPAC-UF proves to be better as an effective treatment method for reclaimed water just due to its adsorption and biodegradation of microorganisms for its economic applicability,.
引文
[1] WANG Xi(王熹),WANG Zhan(王湛),YANG Wentao(杨文涛),et al. Shortage of water resources in china and countermeasures[J]. Environmental Engineering(环境工程),2014,32(7):1-5.
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[4] NICOLAISEN B. Developments in membrane technology for water treatment[J]. Desalination,2003,153(1/2/3):355-360.
[5] YI Cheng(弋澄). Study on ultrafiltration technology used in recycled water(超滤技术用于再生水处理的应用研究)[D]. Tianjin:Tianjin University,2015.
[6] HUANG W,QIN X,DONG B,ZHOU W,LV W. Investigation of the mechanisms of membrane fouling by intracellular organic matter under different iron treatments during ultrafiltration[J]. Chemosphere,2018,208:586-594.
[7] LI Jinghua(李景华),FAN Jingchu(范瑾初). Application of powdered activated carbon adsorption technology in treatment of micro-polluted water[J]. Geology of Anhui(安徽地质),1997(4):117-119.
[8] AN Dongzi(安东子),YANG Yanling(杨艳玲),LI Xing(李星),et al. Study on membrane contaminants of biological powdered activated carbon and ultrafiltration combined process[J]. Journal of Harbin University of Commerce:Natural Sciences Edition(哈尔滨商业大学学报:自然科学版),2012,28(1):20-22.
[9] PRONK W,DING A,MORGENROTH E,et al. Gravitydriven membrane filtration for water and wastewater treatment:a review[J]. Water Research, 2018(118):208-214.
[10] YANG Huihui(杨会会),LIU Hongju(刘宏菊),GAO Bing(高冰),et al. Effect of ozone/activated carbon on mixture liquor characteristic and membrane fouling of MBR[J]. Environmental Engineering(环境工程),2017,35(6):54-58.
[11] YUE Lin(岳琳),ZHANG Zilong(张子龙),ZHUANG Yuan(庄园). Purification performance of BPAC-UF combined process[J]. Water Technology(供水技术),2015,9(3):15-22.
[12] SHEN Hongyan(沈宏艳). Analysis of PAC-UF depth treatment technology for drinking water(饮用水PACUF深度处理技术分析)[D]. Tangshan:North China University of Science and Technology,2017.
[13] ZHANG Qiwei(张启伟),SUN Lihua(孙丽华),LUJingjing(吕静静),et al. Study on removal mechanism of pollutants in two stage effluent with different materials and different molecular weight ultrafiltration membranes[J]. Industrial Safety and Environmental Protection(工业安全与环保),2018,44(9):13-19.
[14] QU F,Liang H,WANG Z,et al. Ultrafiltration membrane fouling by extracellular organic matters(EOM)of Microcystis aeruginosa in stationary phase:influences of interfacial characteristics of foulants and fouling mechanisms[J]. Water Research,2012,46(5):1490-1500.
[15] SUN Gousheng(孙国胜),WU Rui(武睿),HE Li(何利), et al. Pilot study on short-flow ultrafiltration processes for treatment of Dongjiang River water[J].China Water&Wastewater(中国给水排水),2016(15):14-19.
[16] SUN L,HE N,YU T,et al. The removal of typical pollutants in secondary effluent by the combined process of PAC-UF[J]. Water Science and Technology,2017:wst2017016.
[17] WU Chengqiang(吴成强),YAO Xiaobo(姚小波),CAO Ping(曹平),et al. Treatment of effluent from coagulation sedimentation tank and biological activated carbon tank in water works ultrafiltration membran[J].China Water&Wastewater(中国给水排水),2016(9):68-70.
[18] SHAO S,CAI L,LI K,et al. Deposition of powdered activated carbon(PAC)on ultrafiltration(UF)membrane surface:influencing factors and mechanisms[J].Journal of Membrane Science,2017,530:104-111.
[19] SCHULZ M,BüNTING S,ERNST M. Impact of powdered activated carbon structural properties on removal of organic foulants in combined adsorption-ultrafiltration[J]. Water,2017,9(8):580.
[20] CHEN W,WESTERHOFF P,LEENHEER J A,et al.Fluorescence excitation-emission matrix regional integration to quantify spectra for dissolved organic matter[J].Environmental Science&Technology,2003,37(24):5701-5710.
[21] ZHENG X,ERNST M,JEKEL M. Identification and quantification of major organic foulants in treated domestic wastewater affecting filterability in dead-end ultrafiltration[J]. Water Research,2009,43(1):238-244.
[22] LIU M,ZHANG Y,YANG M,et al. Abundance and distribution of tetracycline resistance genes and mobile elements in an oxytetracycline production wastewater treatment system[J]. Environmental Science&Technology,2012,46(14):7551-7557.
[23] Munir M,Wong K,Xagoraraki I. Release of antibiotic resistant bacteria and genes in the effluent and biosolids of five wastewater utilities in Michigan[J]. Water Research,2011,45(2):681-693.
[24] WANG Xiaobo(王小波). Research on biological pretreatment coupled with ultrafiltration process for purif Ication of south china reservoir water(生物预处理/超滤组合工艺处理华南山区水库水研究)[D]. Harbin:Harbin Institute of Technology,2017.
[25] WANG Liang(王亮),XIONG Huan(熊欢),LI Junjing(李君敬). Mechanism and efficiency of BPAC for mitigation of membrane fouling from treating micro-polluted source water by UF[J]. China Water&Wastewater(中国给水排水),2014(23):38-42.
[26] XUAN Yongqi(宣雍祺),ZHOU Li(周丽),DENG Huiping(邓慧萍),et al. Odorants removal and microbial characteristics in treatment of micro-polluted source water with biological powdered activated carbon-ultrafiltration combined process[J]. Environmental Science(环境科学),2016,37(10):3864-3869.
[27] SUN L,HE N,DUAN X,et al. The membrane fouling mechanisms of the PAC/BPAC-UF combined process used to treat the secondary effluent from municipal wastewater treatment plant[J]. Water Science and Technology,2018,77(1):211-219.
[28] HASHINO M,HIRAMI K,ISHIGAMI T,et al. Effect of kinds of membrane materials on membrane fouling with BSA[J]. Journal of Membrane Science,2011,384(1/2):157-165.
[29] DAIMS H,LEBEDEVA E V,PIEVAC P,et al. Complete nitrification by Nitrospira bacteria[J]. Nature,2015,528(7583):504.
[30] SUN Lihua(孙丽华),SHI Pengfei(史鹏飞),DUAN Xi(段茜),ZHANG Yajun(张雅君). Effect and membrane fouling trend of the BPAC-UF combination process for the organic components in the secondary effluent[J].Journal of Safety and Environment(安全与环境学报),2018,18(6):2390-2394.
[31] DU X,LIU G,QU F,et al. Removal of iron,manganese and ammonia from groundwater using a PAC-MBR system:the anti-pollution ability,microbial population and membrane fouling[J]. Desalination,2017,403:97-106.
[2] CHEN Chuxiao(陈楚晓). Study on enhanced performance of ultrafiltration combined process for removal of secondary effluent contaminants(超滤组合工艺强化去除二级出水污染物的性能研究)[D]. Harbin:Harbin Institute of Technology,2018.
[3] SANO D,AMARASIRI M,HATA A,et al. Risk management of viral infectious diseases in wastewater reclamation and reuse[J]. Environment International,2016,91:220-229.
[4] NICOLAISEN B. Developments in membrane technology for water treatment[J]. Desalination,2003,153(1/2/3):355-360.
[5] YI Cheng(弋澄). Study on ultrafiltration technology used in recycled water(超滤技术用于再生水处理的应用研究)[D]. Tianjin:Tianjin University,2015.
[6] HUANG W,QIN X,DONG B,ZHOU W,LV W. Investigation of the mechanisms of membrane fouling by intracellular organic matter under different iron treatments during ultrafiltration[J]. Chemosphere,2018,208:586-594.
[7] LI Jinghua(李景华),FAN Jingchu(范瑾初). Application of powdered activated carbon adsorption technology in treatment of micro-polluted water[J]. Geology of Anhui(安徽地质),1997(4):117-119.
[8] AN Dongzi(安东子),YANG Yanling(杨艳玲),LI Xing(李星),et al. Study on membrane contaminants of biological powdered activated carbon and ultrafiltration combined process[J]. Journal of Harbin University of Commerce:Natural Sciences Edition(哈尔滨商业大学学报:自然科学版),2012,28(1):20-22.
[9] PRONK W,DING A,MORGENROTH E,et al. Gravitydriven membrane filtration for water and wastewater treatment:a review[J]. Water Research, 2018(118):208-214.
[10] YANG Huihui(杨会会),LIU Hongju(刘宏菊),GAO Bing(高冰),et al. Effect of ozone/activated carbon on mixture liquor characteristic and membrane fouling of MBR[J]. Environmental Engineering(环境工程),2017,35(6):54-58.
[11] YUE Lin(岳琳),ZHANG Zilong(张子龙),ZHUANG Yuan(庄园). Purification performance of BPAC-UF combined process[J]. Water Technology(供水技术),2015,9(3):15-22.
[12] SHEN Hongyan(沈宏艳). Analysis of PAC-UF depth treatment technology for drinking water(饮用水PACUF深度处理技术分析)[D]. Tangshan:North China University of Science and Technology,2017.
[13] ZHANG Qiwei(张启伟),SUN Lihua(孙丽华),LUJingjing(吕静静),et al. Study on removal mechanism of pollutants in two stage effluent with different materials and different molecular weight ultrafiltration membranes[J]. Industrial Safety and Environmental Protection(工业安全与环保),2018,44(9):13-19.
[14] QU F,Liang H,WANG Z,et al. Ultrafiltration membrane fouling by extracellular organic matters(EOM)of Microcystis aeruginosa in stationary phase:influences of interfacial characteristics of foulants and fouling mechanisms[J]. Water Research,2012,46(5):1490-1500.
[15] SUN Gousheng(孙国胜),WU Rui(武睿),HE Li(何利), et al. Pilot study on short-flow ultrafiltration processes for treatment of Dongjiang River water[J].China Water&Wastewater(中国给水排水),2016(15):14-19.
[16] SUN L,HE N,YU T,et al. The removal of typical pollutants in secondary effluent by the combined process of PAC-UF[J]. Water Science and Technology,2017:wst2017016.
[17] WU Chengqiang(吴成强),YAO Xiaobo(姚小波),CAO Ping(曹平),et al. Treatment of effluent from coagulation sedimentation tank and biological activated carbon tank in water works ultrafiltration membran[J].China Water&Wastewater(中国给水排水),2016(9):68-70.
[18] SHAO S,CAI L,LI K,et al. Deposition of powdered activated carbon(PAC)on ultrafiltration(UF)membrane surface:influencing factors and mechanisms[J].Journal of Membrane Science,2017,530:104-111.
[19] SCHULZ M,BüNTING S,ERNST M. Impact of powdered activated carbon structural properties on removal of organic foulants in combined adsorption-ultrafiltration[J]. Water,2017,9(8):580.
[20] CHEN W,WESTERHOFF P,LEENHEER J A,et al.Fluorescence excitation-emission matrix regional integration to quantify spectra for dissolved organic matter[J].Environmental Science&Technology,2003,37(24):5701-5710.
[21] ZHENG X,ERNST M,JEKEL M. Identification and quantification of major organic foulants in treated domestic wastewater affecting filterability in dead-end ultrafiltration[J]. Water Research,2009,43(1):238-244.
[22] LIU M,ZHANG Y,YANG M,et al. Abundance and distribution of tetracycline resistance genes and mobile elements in an oxytetracycline production wastewater treatment system[J]. Environmental Science&Technology,2012,46(14):7551-7557.
[23] Munir M,Wong K,Xagoraraki I. Release of antibiotic resistant bacteria and genes in the effluent and biosolids of five wastewater utilities in Michigan[J]. Water Research,2011,45(2):681-693.
[24] WANG Xiaobo(王小波). Research on biological pretreatment coupled with ultrafiltration process for purif Ication of south china reservoir water(生物预处理/超滤组合工艺处理华南山区水库水研究)[D]. Harbin:Harbin Institute of Technology,2017.
[25] WANG Liang(王亮),XIONG Huan(熊欢),LI Junjing(李君敬). Mechanism and efficiency of BPAC for mitigation of membrane fouling from treating micro-polluted source water by UF[J]. China Water&Wastewater(中国给水排水),2014(23):38-42.
[26] XUAN Yongqi(宣雍祺),ZHOU Li(周丽),DENG Huiping(邓慧萍),et al. Odorants removal and microbial characteristics in treatment of micro-polluted source water with biological powdered activated carbon-ultrafiltration combined process[J]. Environmental Science(环境科学),2016,37(10):3864-3869.
[27] SUN L,HE N,DUAN X,et al. The membrane fouling mechanisms of the PAC/BPAC-UF combined process used to treat the secondary effluent from municipal wastewater treatment plant[J]. Water Science and Technology,2018,77(1):211-219.
[28] HASHINO M,HIRAMI K,ISHIGAMI T,et al. Effect of kinds of membrane materials on membrane fouling with BSA[J]. Journal of Membrane Science,2011,384(1/2):157-165.
[29] DAIMS H,LEBEDEVA E V,PIEVAC P,et al. Complete nitrification by Nitrospira bacteria[J]. Nature,2015,528(7583):504.
[30] SUN Lihua(孙丽华),SHI Pengfei(史鹏飞),DUAN Xi(段茜),ZHANG Yajun(张雅君). Effect and membrane fouling trend of the BPAC-UF combination process for the organic components in the secondary effluent[J].Journal of Safety and Environment(安全与环境学报),2018,18(6):2390-2394.
[31] DU X,LIU G,QU F,et al. Removal of iron,manganese and ammonia from groundwater using a PAC-MBR system:the anti-pollution ability,microbial population and membrane fouling[J]. Desalination,2017,403:97-106.
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