焊接参数对铁素体不锈钢搅拌摩擦焊接头组织及性能的影响
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摘要
对4mm厚T4003铁素体不锈钢进行搅拌摩擦焊接工艺实验,研究焊接参数对接头组织特征、硬度分布及常温和低温冲击韧性的影响。结果表明:接头搅拌区和热力影响区由铁素体和马氏体双相组织构成;接头搅拌区组织沿试样厚度方向存在非均质性,且随转速的降低及焊接速率的增加越发显著;转速从150r/min增加至250r/min,前进侧热力影响区组织呈现小梯度过渡趋势,无明显变形拉长特征。焊缝硬度分布相对均匀,其最高硬度为290HV,约为母材的1.87倍。焊接参数和温度对接头的冲击吸收功有较大影响:常温(20℃)下,热影响区为母材的90%～92%,搅拌区为母材的85%～103%;低温(-20℃)下,热影响区为母材的87%～97%,搅拌区为母材的82%～95%,表明焊缝区仍具有较好强韧匹配。
Friction stir welding(FSW) was performed for 4 mm thick T4003 ferritic stainless steel(FSS) with different welding parameters. The effect of welding parameters on microstructure, hardness distribution, and impact toughness of FS-welded joints at room temperature and low temperature was investigated. The results show that the stir zone(SZ) and the thermo-mechanically affected zone(TMAZ) consist of duplex structure of ferrite and martensite. The SZ is heterogeneous along the thickness of the joint and this trend gets more obvious with the decrease of rotational speed and increase of welding speed. In the heat affected zone(HAZ) of the advancing side, the microstructure transits smoothly and no obvious characteristics of deformation and elongation as the rotational speed increases to 250 r/min from 150 r/min. The hardness distribution of the weld is relatively uniform and the maximum hardness is 290 HV, approximately 1.87 times than that of the base material(BM). The welding parameters and temperature exert great effect on the impact absorbing energy of the welded joint. The impact absorbing energy of HAZ and SZ are up to 90%-92%, and 85%-103% of BM, respectively, at room temperature(20℃). While at low temperature(-20℃), the impact absorbing energy of HAZ and SZ reaches 87%-97%, and 82%-95% of BM, respectively. It shows that the weld zone still has better matching between strength and toughness.
Friction stir welding(FSW) was performed for 4 mm thick T4003 ferritic stainless steel(FSS) with different welding parameters. The effect of welding parameters on microstructure, hardness distribution, and impact toughness of FS-welded joints at room temperature and low temperature was investigated. The results show that the stir zone(SZ) and the thermo-mechanically affected zone(TMAZ) consist of duplex structure of ferrite and martensite. The SZ is heterogeneous along the thickness of the joint and this trend gets more obvious with the decrease of rotational speed and increase of welding speed. In the heat affected zone(HAZ) of the advancing side, the microstructure transits smoothly and no obvious characteristics of deformation and elongation as the rotational speed increases to 250 r/min from 150 r/min. The hardness distribution of the weld is relatively uniform and the maximum hardness is 290 HV, approximately 1.87 times than that of the base material(BM). The welding parameters and temperature exert great effect on the impact absorbing energy of the welded joint. The impact absorbing energy of HAZ and SZ are up to 90%-92%, and 85%-103% of BM, respectively, at room temperature(20℃). While at low temperature(-20℃), the impact absorbing energy of HAZ and SZ reaches 87%-97%, and 82%-95% of BM, respectively. It shows that the weld zone still has better matching between strength and toughness.
引文
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[2] 邵泽斌,陈海涛,郎宇平,等.热加工对430铁素体不锈钢“金粉”现象的影响[J].材料工程,2013(3):61-66.SHAO Z B,CHEN H T,LANG Y P,et al.Effect of thermal pro-cessing on the “gold dust” defect of 430 ferritic stainless steel[J].Journal of Materials Engineering,2013(3):61-66.
[3] PARK S H C,KUMAGAI T,SATO Y S,et al.Microstructure and mechanical properties of friction stir welded 430 stainless steel[C]//Proceedings of the Fifteenth (2005) International Offshore and Polar Engineering Conference.Seoul,Korea:2005 Interna-tional Society of Offshore and Polar Engineers.
[4] 杨新岐,秦红珊.铝合金搅拌摩擦焊技术研究存在的问题及趋势[J].焊接,2009(7):24-33.YANG X Q,QIN H S.Trends and problems for current study of aluminum alloy FSW technology[J].Welding & Joining,2009(7):24-33.
[5] 张亮亮,王希靖,刘骁.6082铝合金搅拌摩擦焊焊接过程中晶粒取向演化[J].材料工程,2018,46(10):55-59.ZHANG L L,WANG X J,LIU X.Crystal orientation evolution during friction stir welding of 6082 aluminum alloys[J].Journal of Materials Engineering,2018,46(10):55-59.
[6] 王文,李天麒,乔柯,等.转速对水下搅拌摩擦焊接7A04-T6铝合金组织与性能的影响[J].材料工程,2017,45(10):32-38.WANG W,LI T Q,QIAO K,et al.Effect of rotation rate on mi-crostructure and properties of underwater friction stir welded 7A04-T6 aluminum alloy[J].Journal of Materials Engineering,2017,45(10):32-38.
[7] 秦红珊,杨新岐.铝合金搅拌摩擦焊缝和母材疲劳裂纹扩展行为[J].航空材料学报,2017,37(5):41-47.QIN H S,YANG X Q.Performances of fatigue crack growth for aluminum friction stir welds and base materials[J].Journal of Aeronautical Materials,2017,37(5):41-47.
[8] LAKSHMINARAYANAN A K,BALASUBRAMANIAN V.An assessment of microstructure,hardness,tensile and impact stre-ngth of friction stir welded ferritic stainless steel joints[J].Mat-erials & Design,2010,31(10):4592-600.
[9] CHO H H,HAN H N,HONG S T,et al.Microstructural analy-sis of friction stir welded ferritic stainless steel[J].Materials Science and Engineering:A,2011,528(6):2889-2894.
[10] BILGIN M B,MERAN C.The effect of tool rotational and trav-erse speed on friction stir weldability of AlSl 430 ferritic stainless steels[J].Materials & Design,2012,33:376-383.
[11] HAN J,LI H J,ZHU Z X,et al.Microstructure and mechanical properties of friction stir welded 18Cr-2Mo ferritic stainless steel thick plate[J].Materials & Design,2014,63:238-246.
[12] AHN B W,CHOI D H,KIM D J,et al.Microstructures and properties of friction stir welded 409L stainless steel using a Si3N4 tool[J].Materials Science and Engineering:A,2012,532:476-479.
[13] HUSAIN M M,SARKAR R,PAL T K,et al.Friction stir welding of steel:heat input,microstructure,and mechanical pr-operty Co-relation[J].Journal of Materials Engineering & Per-formance,2015,24(9):3673-3683.
[14] ZHANG Z H,WANG Z B,WANG W X,et al.Microstructure evolution in heat affected zone of T4003 ferritic stainless steel[J].Materials & Design,2015,68:114-120.
[15] SATO Y S,KOKAWA H,FUJII H T,et al.Mechanical properties and microstructure of dissimilar friction stir welds of 11Cr-ferritic/martensitic steel to 316 stainless steel[J].Meta-llurgical and Materials Transactions A,2015,46(12):5789-5800.
[16] HONEYCOMBE R W K.Steels:microstructure and properties[J].Metallurgy & Materials Science,2006,194(4260):55-56.
[17] 崔忠圻,覃耀春.金属学与热处理[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2007:185-190.CUI Z X,TAN Y C.Metallography and heat treatment[M].Beijing:China Machine Press,2007:185-190.