风电系统的混合式液压机械无级变速技术
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摘要
针对风力发电中变速恒频难的问题,提出一种基于混合式液压机械复合无级变速器(HMCVT)的系统设计方案,通过功率分流的方式将液压的高功率密度、无级变速的特点与机械的高效率特性结合并互补.首先以变速输入、恒速输出为前提,理论分析了液压机械变速器式风力发电系统的调速特性和效率特性;然后,结合实际工况,利用Matlab/Simulink软件对该系统进行数学建模和动态仿真分析,通过模糊PID控制器实现了对输出转速的快速精确控制;最后,利用搭建的变速器综合测试平台对样机的调速特性进行了测试.研究结果表明:液压机械复合变速器用于风力发电系统,能在额定切入、切出风速范围内很好的解决变速恒频问题,且动态性能良好,效率较高,稳定在87%左右.
A wind power generation system design based on power-split type Hydro-mechanical continuously variable transmission(HMCVT) was proposed, aiming at the problem of variable speed constant frequency(VSCF) in wind power generation system. The system combines high-power density and stepless speed regulation in hydraulic circuit and high efficiency in mechanical circuit by means of power-split. Firstly, the static speed regulation and efficiency characteristics were analyzed theoretically on the premise of variable speed input and constant speed output. Secondly, modeling,dynamic simulation and analysis were carried out for the HMCVT wind power system by Matlab/Simulink, combining with the practical working conditions. Additionally, the controller based on fuzzy PID was established, which enabled it to control the output speed rapidly and accurately. Finally, the speed regulation characteristics of the transmission prototype was investigated on the comprehensive test platform. The simulation and experimental results show that the HMCVT technology provides a solution to VSCF problem for wind power generation system between the wind speed range of cut-in and cut-out. Moreover, it has swift dynamic property with the efficiency around 87%.
A wind power generation system design based on power-split type Hydro-mechanical continuously variable transmission(HMCVT) was proposed, aiming at the problem of variable speed constant frequency(VSCF) in wind power generation system. The system combines high-power density and stepless speed regulation in hydraulic circuit and high efficiency in mechanical circuit by means of power-split. Firstly, the static speed regulation and efficiency characteristics were analyzed theoretically on the premise of variable speed input and constant speed output. Secondly, modeling,dynamic simulation and analysis were carried out for the HMCVT wind power system by Matlab/Simulink, combining with the practical working conditions. Additionally, the controller based on fuzzy PID was established, which enabled it to control the output speed rapidly and accurately. Finally, the speed regulation characteristics of the transmission prototype was investigated on the comprehensive test platform. The simulation and experimental results show that the HMCVT technology provides a solution to VSCF problem for wind power generation system between the wind speed range of cut-in and cut-out. Moreover, it has swift dynamic property with the efficiency around 87%.
引文
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[18] 范宇恒,王崴,杨洁,等.变负载变转速输入泵控马达调速系统 [J].火力与指挥控制,2017,42(8):76- 81.FAN Yu-heng,WANG Wai,YANG Jie,et al.Research on variable load and speed input fixed pump control motor system [J].Fire Control & Command Control,2017,42 (8):76- 81.
[19] 常绿.装载机发动机与液力变矩器功率匹配优化 [J].农业机械学报,2006,41(11):25- 29.CHANG Lü.Optimization ofpower matching on torque-converter with diesel engine for wheel loader [J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery,2006,41 (11):25- 29.
[20] 苑国锋,李永东,柴建云,等.1.5 MW变速恒频双馈风力发电机组励磁控制系统试验研究 [J].电工技术学报,2009,24(2):42- 47.YUAN Guo-feng,LI Yong-dong,CHAI Jian-yun,et al.Experimental investigation on excitation control system of 1.5 MW variable speed constant frequency DFIG wind generator system [J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2009,24 (2):42- 47.
[2] 郭全英.中国风力发电成本研究 [D].沈阳:沈阳工业大学,2002.
[3] MARQUES A B,TARANTO G N,FALCAO D.M.A knowledge-based system for supervision and control of regional voltage profile and security [J].IEEE Transactions on Power Systems,2005,20(1):400- 407.
[4] YANG Z,CHAI Y.A survey of fault diagnosis for onshore grid-connected converter in wind energy conversion systems [J].Renewable & Sustainable Energy Reviews,2016,66:345- 359.
[5] 纪绪北.液压机械无级变速器的特性分析和应用仿真 [D].长春:吉林大学,2009.
[6] DIEPEVEEN N F B,LAGUNA A J.Dynamic modeling of fluid power transmissions for wind turbines [C]//Proceedings of the EWEA Offshore 2011 Conference.Amsterdam:European Wind Energy Association,2011:1- 9.
[7] 杨国来,邓龙,王建忠,等.液压风力发电系统设计及仿真 [J].机床与液压,2015,43(21):186- 187.YANG Guo- lai,DENG Long,WANG Jian-zhong,et al.Design and simulation of hydraulic wind power generation system [J].Machine Tool & Hydraulics,2015,43 (21):186- 187.
[8] TI?A I,C?L?RA?U D.Wind power systems with hydrostatic transmission for clean energy [J].Environmental Engineering & Management Journal,2009,8 (2):327- 334.
[9] 卞永明,牛翔.液压储能在风力发电储能中的应用 [J].中国工程机械学报,2009,7(4):114- 119.BIAN Yong-ming,NIU Xiang.Applying hydraulic energy storage for wind turbine generators [J].Chinese Journal of Construction Machinery,2009,7 (4):114- 119.
[10] SILVA P,GIUFFRIDA A,FERGNANI N ,et al.Performance prediction of a multi-MW wind turbine adopting an advanced hydrostatic transmission [J].Energy,2014,64(1):450- 461.
[11] ZHAO X,MAI?ER P.A novel power splitting drive train for variable speed wind power generators [J].Rene-wable Energy,2003,28(13):2001- 2011.
[12] SHAMSHIRBAND S,PETKOVI,et al.Support vector regression methodology for wind turbine reaction torque prediction with power-split hydrostatic continuous variable transmission [J].Energy,2014,67 (4):623- 630.
[13] 刘春宝,马文星,杜魏魏,等.基于液力调速的风力发电传动系统计算与分析 [J].同济大学学报(自然科学版),2013,41(10):1584- 1588.LIU Chun-bao,MA Wen-xing,DU Wei-wei,et al.Calculation andanalysis of wind turbine transmission System based on hydrodynamic speed adjustment [J].Journal of Tongji University (Natural Science),2013,41(10):1584- 1588.
[14] G?LLNER W,KOHM?SCHER T,JACOBSON E.Stepless adjustable hydromechanical power-split transmission for e.g.wind power plant for converting flow energy into electric energy,has control device adjusting hydraulic pump such that output shaft exhibits constant output speed:DE102011084573A [P].2013- 04- 18.
[15] 张弛.风力机与可调式液力变矩器匹配工作特性研究 [D].哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业大学,2010.
[16] 朱成党,涂乐,林勇刚,等.风电机组的机械液压混合传动技术 [J].浙江大学学报(工学版),2014,48(10):1767- 1774.ZHU Cheng-dang,TU Le,LIN Yong-gang,et al.Hydro-mechanical hybrid power transmission technology in wind turbines [J].Journal of Zhejiang University (Engineering Science),2014,48 (10):1767- 1774.
[17] 于今,白建军,黄国勤.混合式液压-机械无级传动方案设计及特性研究 [J].机械传动,2017(3):58- 63.YU Jin,BAI Jian-jun,HUANG Guo-qin.Hybrid hydraulic mechanical stepless transmission design and characteristic research [J].Mechanical transmission,2017 (3):58- 63.
[18] 范宇恒,王崴,杨洁,等.变负载变转速输入泵控马达调速系统 [J].火力与指挥控制,2017,42(8):76- 81.FAN Yu-heng,WANG Wai,YANG Jie,et al.Research on variable load and speed input fixed pump control motor system [J].Fire Control & Command Control,2017,42 (8):76- 81.
[19] 常绿.装载机发动机与液力变矩器功率匹配优化 [J].农业机械学报,2006,41(11):25- 29.CHANG Lü.Optimization ofpower matching on torque-converter with diesel engine for wheel loader [J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery,2006,41 (11):25- 29.
[20] 苑国锋,李永东,柴建云,等.1.5 MW变速恒频双馈风力发电机组励磁控制系统试验研究 [J].电工技术学报,2009,24(2):42- 47.YUAN Guo-feng,LI Yong-dong,CHAI Jian-yun,et al.Experimental investigation on excitation control system of 1.5 MW variable speed constant frequency DFIG wind generator system [J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2009,24 (2):42- 47.