汉江流域降水结构时空特征及影响因素分析
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摘要
利用汉江流域32个气象站1961～2016年逐日降水资料,分析了汉江流域降水时空分布特征,并探讨了海温及大气环流对流域降水的影响。结果表明:雨量和雨日空间分布相似,小雨、中雨的雨量和雨日由西南向东北递减,降水中心位于西南和东南部;流域东北部大雨以上量级降水由偏少转为偏多,而雨强空间分布则没有明显规律。流域降水集中度自东南向西北逐渐增加,降水集中期逐渐推迟。海温对降水的影响存在季节差异,春季、夏季和秋季降水分别受前期南印度洋、热带北大西洋和热带中东太平洋海温影响,冬季降水则受海温影响不明显;大尺度大气环流对降水存在影响,冬季欧亚遥相关型和春季西太平洋遥相关型均引起冬季风强度变化来影响冬季和春季降水,夏季副高位置和乌山阻高以及秋季巴湖低槽和印缅槽强度则均通过冷空气和暖湿气流强度及交汇位置来影响夏季和秋季降水。
Based on the daily precipitation data during 1961-2016 of 32 stations in Hanjiang river basin,the spatial and temporal distribution characteristics of precipitation are analyzed,and the impact of sea surface temperature and atmospheric circulation on the precipitation in Hanjiang river basin are discussed. The results show that: The spatial distribution of rainfall is similar to that of rainy days of each grade,and the rainfall and rainy days of light rain and moderate rain gradually reduce from the southwest to the northeast; The precipitation centers are located in the southwest and the southeast,and there are more rainfall of heavy rain and above in the northeast; But the rainfall intensities of each grade have no obvious regularity; The PCD increases and the PCD postpones gradually from the southeast to the northwest; There are differences between driving factors of seasonal precipitation; In the aspect of the impact of sea surface temperature on seasonal precipitation,spring precipitation has a negative correlation with the Southwest Indian Ocean sea surface temperature from last November to February,summer precipitation has a positive correlation with the tropical North Atlantic Ocean sea surface temperature from February to August,and autumn precipitation has a negative correlation with the tropical Central-eastern Pacific Ocean sea surface temperature from April to September,but winter precipitation is little affected by sea surface temperature; And in the aspect of the impact of large-scale atmospheric circulation on seasonal precipitation, spring precipitation is related to western Pacific teleconnection pattern, summer precipitation is affected by the position of western Pacific subtropical high and the Ural blocking high,autumn precipitation is related to the India-Burma trough and the low trough of Balkhash Lake,and winter precipitation is influenced by the Eurasian teleconnection pattern; Therefore,atmospheric circulation changes the East Asian winter monsoon intensity to impact on the precipitation in spring and winter and meeting location and intensity of cold air and warm and wet air to influence precipitation in summer and autumn.
Based on the daily precipitation data during 1961-2016 of 32 stations in Hanjiang river basin,the spatial and temporal distribution characteristics of precipitation are analyzed,and the impact of sea surface temperature and atmospheric circulation on the precipitation in Hanjiang river basin are discussed. The results show that: The spatial distribution of rainfall is similar to that of rainy days of each grade,and the rainfall and rainy days of light rain and moderate rain gradually reduce from the southwest to the northeast; The precipitation centers are located in the southwest and the southeast,and there are more rainfall of heavy rain and above in the northeast; But the rainfall intensities of each grade have no obvious regularity; The PCD increases and the PCD postpones gradually from the southeast to the northwest; There are differences between driving factors of seasonal precipitation; In the aspect of the impact of sea surface temperature on seasonal precipitation,spring precipitation has a negative correlation with the Southwest Indian Ocean sea surface temperature from last November to February,summer precipitation has a positive correlation with the tropical North Atlantic Ocean sea surface temperature from February to August,and autumn precipitation has a negative correlation with the tropical Central-eastern Pacific Ocean sea surface temperature from April to September,but winter precipitation is little affected by sea surface temperature; And in the aspect of the impact of large-scale atmospheric circulation on seasonal precipitation, spring precipitation is related to western Pacific teleconnection pattern, summer precipitation is affected by the position of western Pacific subtropical high and the Ural blocking high,autumn precipitation is related to the India-Burma trough and the low trough of Balkhash Lake,and winter precipitation is influenced by the Eurasian teleconnection pattern; Therefore,atmospheric circulation changes the East Asian winter monsoon intensity to impact on the precipitation in spring and winter and meeting location and intensity of cold air and warm and wet air to influence precipitation in summer and autumn.
引文
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[10]张录军,钱永甫.长江流域汛期降水集中程度和洪涝关系研究[J].地球物理学报,2004,47(4):622-630.ZHANG L J,QIAN Y F. A study on the feature of precipitation concentration and its relation to flood-producing in the Yangtze river valley of China[J]. Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2004,47(4):622-630.
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[12] WAY R G,LEWKOWICZ A G,BONNAVENTURE P P. Development of moderate-resolution gridded monthly air temperature and degree-day maps for the Labrador-Ungava region of northern Canada[J]. International Journal of Climatology,2017,37(1):493-508.
[13]刘光孟,汪云甲,张海荣,等.空间分析中几种插值方法的比较研究[J].地理信息世界,2011,9(3):41-45.LIU G M,WANG Y J,ZHANG H R,et al. Comparative study of several interpolation methods on spatial analysis[J]. Geomatics World,2011,9(3):41-45.
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[15]杨文峰,郭大梅.陕西省强降水日数变化特征[J].干旱区研究,2011,28(5):866-870.YANG W F,GUO D M. Change of heavy precipitation days in Shaanxi province[J]. Arid Zone Research,2011,28(5):866-870.
[16]陶诗言,卫捷.再论夏季西太平洋副热带高压的西伸北跳[J].应用气象学报,2006,17(5):513-525.TAO S Y,WEI J. The westward,northward advance of the Subtropical High over the West Pacific in summer[J]. Journal of Applied Meteorological Science,2006,17(5):513-525.
[17]殷淑燕,孟婵,黄春长.汉江上游与黄河晋陕峡谷历史大洪水对比研究[J].干旱区资源与环境,2013,27(7):96-101.YIN S Y,MENG C,HUANG C C. Comparative study on historical heavy flood in the upper reaches of the Hanjiang river and the Shanxi-Shaanxi gorge of the Yellow River[J]. Journal of Arid Land Resources and Environment,2013,27(7):96-101.
[18]徐海明,张岚,杜岩.南印度洋偶极子及其影响研究进展[J].热带海洋学报,2013,32(1):1-7.XU H M,ZHANG L,DU Y. Research progress of southern Indian Ocean dipole and its influence[J]. Journal of Tropical Oceanography,2013,32(1):1-7.
[19]容新尧,张人禾,LI Tim.大西洋海温异常在ENSO影响印度-东亚夏季风中的作用[J].科学通报,2010,55(14):1397-1408.RONG X Y,ZHANG R H,LI T. Impacts of Atlantic sea surface temperature anomalies on Indo-East Asian summer monsoonENSO relationship[J]. Chinese Science Bulletin,2010,55(14):1397-1408.
[20]顾薇,李维京,陈丽娟,等.我国秋季降水的年际变化及与热带太平洋海温异常分布的关系[J].气候与环境研究,2012,17(4):467-480.GU W,LI W J,CHEN L J,et al. Interannual variations of autumn precipitation in China and their relations to the distribution of tropical Pacific sea surface temperature[J]. Climatic and Environmental Research,2012,17(4):467-480.
[21]李勇,何金海,姜爱军,等.冬季西太平洋遥相关型的环流结构特征及其与我国冬季气温和降水的关系[J].气象科学,2007,27(2):119-125.LI Y,HE J H,JIANG A J,et al. Circulation structure features of western Pacific teleconnection pattern in winter and their relation with China's temperature and precipitation in winter[J].Scientia Meteorologica Sinica,2007,27(2):119-125.
[22]张若楠,孙丞虎,李维京.北极海冰与夏季欧亚遥相关型年际变化的联系及对我国夏季降水的影响[J].地球物理学报,2018,61(1):91-105.ZHANG R N,SUN C H,LI W J. Relationship between the interannual variations of Arctic sea ice and summer Eurasian teleconnection and associated influence on summer precipitation over China[J]. Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2018,61(1):91-105.
[23]白虎志,董文杰.华西秋雨的气候特征及成因分析[J].高原气象,2004,23(6):884-889.BAI H Z,DONG W J. Climate features and formation causes of autumn rain over southwest China[J]. Plateau Meteorology,2004,23(6):884-889.
[24]刘毓赟,陈文.北半球冬季欧亚遥相关型的变化特征及其对我国气候的影响[J].大气科学,2012,36(2):423-432.LIU Y Y,CHEN W. Variability of the Eurasian teleconnection pattern in the northern hemisphere winter and its influences on the climate in China[J]. Chinese Journal of Atmospheric Sciences,2012,36(2):423-432.
[2] AFZAL M,GAGNON A S,MANSELL M G. Changes in the variability and periodicity of precipitation in Scotland[J]. Theoretical&Applied Climatology,2015,119(1-2):135-159.
[3] ADLER R F,GU G,SAPIANO M,et al. Global precipitation:means,variations and trends during the satellite era(1979-2014)[J]. Surveys in Geophysics,2017,38(4):679-699.
[4] QU J X,GONG D Y,MAO R,et al. Possible influence of Arctic oscillation on precipitation along the East Asian rain belt during boreal spring[J]. Theoretical&Applied Climatology,2017,130(1-2):1-9.
[5] HATZAKI M,WU R G. The south-eastern Europe winter precipitation variability in relation to the North Atlantic SST[J].Atmospheric Research,2015,152(8):61-68.
[6]陈燕飞,张翔.汉江流域降水持续天数分布[J].长江流域资源与环境,2011,20(6):744-748.CHEN Y F,ZHANG X. Distribution of continued rainy days in Hanjiang river basin[J]. Resources and Environment in the Yangtze Basin,2011,20(6):744-748.
[7]任利利,殷淑燕,靳俊芳. 1960-2011年汉江上游降水量变化特征和区域差异[J].中国农业气象,2014,35(4):365-372.REN L L,YIN S Y,JIN J F. Variation and regional difference of annual precipitation in the Upper Reaches of Hanjiang River during 1960-2011[J]. Chinese Journal of Agrometeorology,2014,35(4):365-372.
[8]郑晓东,鲁帆,马静.汉江流域降水多时间尺度特性及其与环流因子的相关性分析[J].地球科学进展,2013,28(5):618-626.ZHENG X D,LU F,MA J. Hanjiang river basin precipitation multiple time scales characteristics and with circulation factors correlation analysis[J]. Advances in Earth Science,2013,28(5):618-626.
[9]李丹,郭生练,洪兴骏,等.汉江流域1960~2014年降雨极值时空变化特征[J].长江流域资源与环境,2016,25(9):1448-1456.LI D,GUO S L,HONG X J,et al. Temporal and spatial variation of rainfall extremes in Han River basin from 1960 to 2014[J]. Resources and Environment in the Yangtze Basin,2016,25(9):1448-1456.
[10]张录军,钱永甫.长江流域汛期降水集中程度和洪涝关系研究[J].地球物理学报,2004,47(4):622-630.ZHANG L J,QIAN Y F. A study on the feature of precipitation concentration and its relation to flood-producing in the Yangtze river valley of China[J]. Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2004,47(4):622-630.
[11]李宗省,何元庆,辛惠娟,等.我国横断山区1960~2008年气温和降水时空变化特征[J].地理学报,2010,65(5):563-579.LI Z X,HE Y Q,XIN H J,et al. Spatio-temporal variations of temperature and precipitation in Mts. Hengduan region during1960-2008[J]. Acta Geographica Sinica,2010,65(5):563-579.
[12] WAY R G,LEWKOWICZ A G,BONNAVENTURE P P. Development of moderate-resolution gridded monthly air temperature and degree-day maps for the Labrador-Ungava region of northern Canada[J]. International Journal of Climatology,2017,37(1):493-508.
[13]刘光孟,汪云甲,张海荣,等.空间分析中几种插值方法的比较研究[J].地理信息世界,2011,9(3):41-45.LIU G M,WANG Y J,ZHANG H R,et al. Comparative study of several interpolation methods on spatial analysis[J]. Geomatics World,2011,9(3):41-45.
[14]中国气象局.降水量等级:GB/T 28592-2012[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2012:1.China Meteorological Administration. Grade of precipitation:GB/T 28592-2012[S]. Beijing:Standards Press of China,2012:1.
[15]杨文峰,郭大梅.陕西省强降水日数变化特征[J].干旱区研究,2011,28(5):866-870.YANG W F,GUO D M. Change of heavy precipitation days in Shaanxi province[J]. Arid Zone Research,2011,28(5):866-870.
[16]陶诗言,卫捷.再论夏季西太平洋副热带高压的西伸北跳[J].应用气象学报,2006,17(5):513-525.TAO S Y,WEI J. The westward,northward advance of the Subtropical High over the West Pacific in summer[J]. Journal of Applied Meteorological Science,2006,17(5):513-525.
[17]殷淑燕,孟婵,黄春长.汉江上游与黄河晋陕峡谷历史大洪水对比研究[J].干旱区资源与环境,2013,27(7):96-101.YIN S Y,MENG C,HUANG C C. Comparative study on historical heavy flood in the upper reaches of the Hanjiang river and the Shanxi-Shaanxi gorge of the Yellow River[J]. Journal of Arid Land Resources and Environment,2013,27(7):96-101.
[18]徐海明,张岚,杜岩.南印度洋偶极子及其影响研究进展[J].热带海洋学报,2013,32(1):1-7.XU H M,ZHANG L,DU Y. Research progress of southern Indian Ocean dipole and its influence[J]. Journal of Tropical Oceanography,2013,32(1):1-7.
[19]容新尧,张人禾,LI Tim.大西洋海温异常在ENSO影响印度-东亚夏季风中的作用[J].科学通报,2010,55(14):1397-1408.RONG X Y,ZHANG R H,LI T. Impacts of Atlantic sea surface temperature anomalies on Indo-East Asian summer monsoonENSO relationship[J]. Chinese Science Bulletin,2010,55(14):1397-1408.
[20]顾薇,李维京,陈丽娟,等.我国秋季降水的年际变化及与热带太平洋海温异常分布的关系[J].气候与环境研究,2012,17(4):467-480.GU W,LI W J,CHEN L J,et al. Interannual variations of autumn precipitation in China and their relations to the distribution of tropical Pacific sea surface temperature[J]. Climatic and Environmental Research,2012,17(4):467-480.
[21]李勇,何金海,姜爱军,等.冬季西太平洋遥相关型的环流结构特征及其与我国冬季气温和降水的关系[J].气象科学,2007,27(2):119-125.LI Y,HE J H,JIANG A J,et al. Circulation structure features of western Pacific teleconnection pattern in winter and their relation with China's temperature and precipitation in winter[J].Scientia Meteorologica Sinica,2007,27(2):119-125.
[22]张若楠,孙丞虎,李维京.北极海冰与夏季欧亚遥相关型年际变化的联系及对我国夏季降水的影响[J].地球物理学报,2018,61(1):91-105.ZHANG R N,SUN C H,LI W J. Relationship between the interannual variations of Arctic sea ice and summer Eurasian teleconnection and associated influence on summer precipitation over China[J]. Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2018,61(1):91-105.
[23]白虎志,董文杰.华西秋雨的气候特征及成因分析[J].高原气象,2004,23(6):884-889.BAI H Z,DONG W J. Climate features and formation causes of autumn rain over southwest China[J]. Plateau Meteorology,2004,23(6):884-889.
[24]刘毓赟,陈文.北半球冬季欧亚遥相关型的变化特征及其对我国气候的影响[J].大气科学,2012,36(2):423-432.LIU Y Y,CHEN W. Variability of the Eurasian teleconnection pattern in the northern hemisphere winter and its influences on the climate in China[J]. Chinese Journal of Atmospheric Sciences,2012,36(2):423-432.
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