电解制氢与高温燃料电池在电力行业的应用与发展
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摘要
制氢和燃料电池技术是实现氢能和电能相互转换的关键技术,我国将氢能和燃料电池列为战略性能源技术,大型的能源电力企业也正在推动氢能和燃料电池技术的应用和发展。电解制氢能够将不稳定的可再生能源转化为氢能,实现大规模、季节性储能,在一定的范围内具有经济效益,是解决我国当前可再生能源消纳的途径之一。碱性电解水制氢是目前最成熟的电解制氢技术,发展的主要方向是降低制氢能耗、提高单台出力以及负荷深度调节。高温燃料电池具有小型高效、近零排放的突出优点,在冷热电三联供分布式发电和固定式发电领域具有广阔的应用前景,国外已初步实现高温燃料电池的商业化应用,国内的高温燃料电池市场需求也已显现,我国已掌握高温燃料电池发电的核心技术,具备应用示范推广的技术基础。
Hydrogen production and fuel cells are the key technologies for the conversion of hydrogen and electricity. In China, hydrogen energy and fuel cells are listed as strategic energy technologies. The large energy and electric power enterprises are also promoting the application and development of hydrogen energy and fuel cell. Electrolysis hydrogen production can convert the unstable renewable energy into hydrogen, realizing large-scale energy storage. It is one of the ways to solve the current renewable energy consumption.Alkaline electrolysis is the most mature electrolysis hydrogen production technology. The main development direction is to reduce energy consumption, improve the output of a single unit and adjust the load depth. High temperature fuel cells have the outstanding advantages of high efficiency and near zero emission. There is a broad application prospect for fuel cells in distributed power generation and stationary power generation.The commercial application of high temperature fuel cells has been realized in foreign countries. The market demand for high temperature fuel cells in China has already appeared. And the high temperature combustion in China has been mastered. The core technology of high temperature fuel cell has been mastered by China, which is the technical foundation of application demonstration and commercialization.
Hydrogen production and fuel cells are the key technologies for the conversion of hydrogen and electricity. In China, hydrogen energy and fuel cells are listed as strategic energy technologies. The large energy and electric power enterprises are also promoting the application and development of hydrogen energy and fuel cell. Electrolysis hydrogen production can convert the unstable renewable energy into hydrogen, realizing large-scale energy storage. It is one of the ways to solve the current renewable energy consumption.Alkaline electrolysis is the most mature electrolysis hydrogen production technology. The main development direction is to reduce energy consumption, improve the output of a single unit and adjust the load depth. High temperature fuel cells have the outstanding advantages of high efficiency and near zero emission. There is a broad application prospect for fuel cells in distributed power generation and stationary power generation.The commercial application of high temperature fuel cells has been realized in foreign countries. The market demand for high temperature fuel cells in China has already appeared. And the high temperature combustion in China has been mastered. The core technology of high temperature fuel cell has been mastered by China, which is the technical foundation of application demonstration and commercialization.
引文
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[24]美国布鲁姆能源公司在纽约部署燃料电池系统[J].电源技术,2016,40(3):483.American bloom energy company deploys fuel cell system in New York[J].Chinese Journal of Power Sources,2016,40(3):483(in Chinese).
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[28]Hohe T.Stationary MW-class fuel cells:examples of economic,efficient and low-maintenance industrial CHCP[C]//Hannover Messe 2014 Technical Forum.Honnover,GER,2014.
[29]Gerdes K,Grol E,Keairns D,et al.Integrated gasification fuel cell performance and cost assessment[R].USA:National Energy Technology Laboratory(NETL),2009.
[30]本经济产业省.日本制定新一代火力发电技术开发时间表[J].热力透平,2015(3):187.Ministry of Economy,Trade and Industry of Japan.Japan develops a new development schedule for thermal power generation technology[J].Thermal Turbine,2015(3):187(in Chinese).
[2]王东军,姜伟,赵仲阳,等.国内外工业化制氢技术的研究进展[J].工业催化,2018,26(5):26-30.Wang Dongjun,Jiang Wei,Zhao Zhongyang,et al.Research of industrial hydrogen production at home and abroad[J].Industrial Catalysis,2018,26(5):26-30(in Chinese).
[3]曾洪瑜,史翊翔,蔡宁生.燃料电池分布式供能技术发展现状与展望[J].发电技术,2018,39(2):165-170.Zeng Hongyu,Shi Yuxiang,Cai Ningsheng.Development and prospect of fuel cell technology for distributed power system[J].Power Generation Technology,2018,39(2):165-170(in Chinese).
[4]Cao D X,Wang G L,Lv Y Z,et al.Fuel cell system[M].Beijing:Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics Press,2009(in Chinese).
[5]O'Hayre R,Cha S,Colella W,et al.Fuel cell fundamentals[M].2nd ed.New York:John Wiley&Sons,Inc.,2009.
[6]Hydrogen Council.Hydrogen scaling up[R].USA:McKinsey&Company,2017.
[7]陈晨,李霞,莫桓.聚焦各国燃料电池产业政策发展[J].电器工业,2015(6):71-73.Chen Chen,Li Xia,Mo Huan.Focus on the development of fuel cell industry policies in various countries[J].China Electrical Equipment Industry,2015(6):71-73(in Chinese).
[8]毛宗强.世界氢能炙手可热中国氢能蓄势待发[J].太阳能,2016(7):16-19,80.Mao Zongqiang.The world's hydrogen energy is hot and China's hydrogen energy is ready to go[J].Solar Energy,2016(7):16-19,80(in Chinese).
[9]张博,万宏,徐可忠,等.世界各国氢能源经济发展举措分析[J].国际石油经济,2017,25(9):65-70.Zhang Bo,Wan Hong,Xu Kezhong,et al.Hydrogen energy economy development in various countries[J].International Petroleum Economics,2017,25(9):65-70(in Chinese).
[10]梁慧.日本氢能源技术发展战略及启示[J].国际石油经济,2016,24(8):87-95.Liang Hui.The development strategy of Japan's hydrogen energy technology and its enlightenment[J].International Petroleum Economics,2016,24(8):87-95(in Chinese).
[11]中国氢能联盟,同济大学.中国氢能源及燃料电池产业发展研究报告[R].2018.China Hydrogen Energy Alliance,Tongji University.China hydrogen energy and fuel cell industry development research[R].2018(in Chinese).
[12]BP.World energy outlook 2018[R].UK:WEO,2019.
[13]Abdalla A M,Hossain S,Nisfindy O B,et al.Hydrogen production,storage,transportation and key challenges with applications:A review[J].Energy Conversion and Management,2018,165:602-627.
[14]David H,Franz L,Robert R,et al.The fuel cell industry review 2018[M].Lausanne:E4tech,2018.
[15]史勉,宋昭峥,蒋庆哲,等.发电厂电解水制氢设备调试及运行[J].清洗世界,2014,30(1):14-18.Shi Mian,Song Zhaozheng,Jiang Qingzhe,et al.Commissioning and operation of hydrogen generating system in power plant[J].Cleaning World,2014,30(1):14-18(in Chinese).
[16]谢欣烁,杨卫娟,施伟,等.制氢技术的生命周期评价研究进展[J].化工进展,2018,37(6):2147-2158.Xie Xinshuo,Yang Weijuan,Shi Wei,et al.Life cycle assessment of technologies for hydrogen production-a review[J].Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress,2018,37(6):2147-2158(in Chinese).
[17]Buttler A,Spliethoff H.Current status of water electrolysis for energy storage,grid balancing and sector coupling via power-to-gas and power-to-liquids:Areview[J].Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews,2018,82:2440-2454.
[18]Chi Jun,Yu Hongmei.Water electrolysis based on renewable energy for hydrogen production[J].Chinese Journal of Catalysis,2018,39(3):390-394.
[19]郝伟峰,贾丹瑶,李红军.基于可再生能源水电解制氢技术发展概述[J].价值工程,2018,37(29):236-237.Hao Weifeng,Jia Danyao,Li Hongjun.Overview of hydrogen production technology based on renewable energy from water electrolysis[J].Value Engineering,2018,37(29):236-237(in Chinese).
[20]舟丹.水电解制氢技术发展概况[J].中外能源,2017,22(8):69.Zhou Dan.Development of hydrogen production technology by water electrolysis[J].Sino-Global Energy,2017,22(8):69(in Chinese).
[21]罗承先.世界可再生能源电力制氢现状[J].中外能源,2017,22(8):25-32.Luo Chengxian.Present status of power-to-hydrogen technology worldwide using renewable energy[J].Sino-Global Energy,2017,22(8):25-32(in Chinese).
[22]Mcphail S J,Leto L,Della Pietra M,et al.International status of molten carbonate fuel cells technology 2015[M].Rome:ENEA,2015.
[23]Farooque M.The carbonate fuel cell-concept to reality[J].Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews Energy&Environment,2015,4(2):178-188.
[24]美国布鲁姆能源公司在纽约部署燃料电池系统[J].电源技术,2016,40(3):483.American bloom energy company deploys fuel cell system in New York[J].Chinese Journal of Power Sources,2016,40(3):483(in Chinese).
[25]刘兰兰.日本家用燃料电池技术进展[J].电源技术,2015,39(6):1337-1339.Liu Lanlan.Development of household fuel cells in Japan[J].Chinese Journal of Power Sources,2015,39(6):1337-1339(in Chinese).
[26]Mattner K.Ultra-clean multi-MW fuel cell power plants with 60%electrical efficiency[C]//Hannover Messe 2015Technical Forum.Honnover,GER,2015.
[27]Seung-Goo K.Development&deployment status of stationary fuel cells in korea[C]//DEMOSOFC Open Workshop.Turin,IT,2015.
[28]Hohe T.Stationary MW-class fuel cells:examples of economic,efficient and low-maintenance industrial CHCP[C]//Hannover Messe 2014 Technical Forum.Honnover,GER,2014.
[29]Gerdes K,Grol E,Keairns D,et al.Integrated gasification fuel cell performance and cost assessment[R].USA:National Energy Technology Laboratory(NETL),2009.
[30]本经济产业省.日本制定新一代火力发电技术开发时间表[J].热力透平,2015(3):187.Ministry of Economy,Trade and Industry of Japan.Japan develops a new development schedule for thermal power generation technology[J].Thermal Turbine,2015(3):187(in Chinese).
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