南海西北部上层海洋对连续台风的近惯性响应
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摘要
文章基于2011年9～11月南海西沙潜标观测资料,研究了西沙海域上层海洋对连续台风Nesat(1117)和Nalgae(1119)过境的近惯性响应.结果表明:两个台风过境都产生了强烈的近惯性振荡,且台风路径右侧的近惯性流速明显大于左侧. Nesat引起的近惯性内波平均垂向相速度为0.25cm s~(-1),垂向群速度为0.85m h-1,垂向波长为350m.Nalgae所引起的近惯性内波垂向相速度和群速度均小于Nesat,垂向波长仅为Nesat的1/2.两个台风引起的近惯性能量下传深度存在明显差异, Nalgae约为200m,而Nesat可下传至300m.产生这一差异的主要原因是Nesat引起的近惯性能量不易耗散,同时能够以较快的速度向深海传播.此外,两个台风引起的近惯性内波频率都存在明显的蓝移现象. Nesat引起的近惯性内波频率在100～150m深度受多普勒频移的影响明显增大;然而Nalgae引起的近惯性内波频率却在100～150m深度显著减小,这是由于两个台风过境期间,西沙海域背景场涡度差异所致.
引文
高大鲁,王新怡,李秉天,吕咸青.2016.南海北部海域对台风Nalgae的响应特征分析.中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版),46:8-13
李宏,刘增宏,许建平,吴晓芬,孙朝辉,卢少磊,曹敏杰.2017.全球海洋Argo网格数据集(BOA-Argo)用户手册.中国Argo实时资料中心.25
周磊,田纪伟,王东晓.2005.斜压海洋水平大尺度波动各模态能量分布对风的响应,中国科学D辑:地球科学,35:997-1006
Alford M H,Gregg M C.2001.Near-inertial mixing:Modulation of shear,strain and microstructure at low latitude.J Geophys Res,106:16947-16968
Alford M H,Cronin M F,Klymak J M.2012.Annual cycle and depth penetration of wind-generated near-inertial internal waves at ocean station Papa in the Northeast Pacific.J Phys Oceanogr,42:889-909
Brooks D A.1983.The wake of Hurricane Allen in the western Gulf of Mexico.J Phys Oceanogr,13:117-129
Burchard H,Rippeth T P.2009.Generation of bulk shear spikes in shallow stratified tidal seas.J Phys Oceanogr,39:969-985
Chen G X,Xue H J,Wang D X,Xie Q.2013.Observed near-inertial kinetic energy in the northwestern South China Sea.J Geophys ResOceans,118:4965-4977
Cuypers Y,Le Vaillant X,Bouruet-Aubertot P,Vialard J,McPhaden MJ.2013.Tropical storm-induced near-inertial internal waves during the Cirene experiment:Energy fluxes and impact on vertical mixing.J Geophys Res-Oceans,118:358-380
D’Asaro E A.1995.Upper ocean inerital currents forced by a strong storm.Part II:Modelling.J Phys Oceanogr,25:2937-2952
D’Asaro E A.2003.The ocean boundary layer below Hurricane Dennis.J Phys Oceanogr,33:561-579
Federiuk J,Allen J S.1996.Model studies of near-inertial waves in flow over the Oregon continental shelf.J Phys Oceanogr,26:2053-2075
Firing E,Lien R C,Muller P.1997.Observations of strong inertial oscillations after the passage of Tropical Cyclone Ofa.J Geophys Res,102:3317-3322
Furuichi N,Hibiya T,Niwa Y.2008.Model-predicted distribution of wind-induced internal wave energy in the world’s oceans.JGeophys Res,113:C09034
Gardner W D,Blakey J C,Walsh I D,Richardson M J,Pegau S,Zaneveld J R V,Roesler C,Gregg M C,MacKinnon J A,Sosik HM,Williams Iii A J.2001.Optics,particles,stratification,and storms on the New England continental shelf.J Geophys Res,106:9473-9497
Geisler J E.1970.Linear theory of the response of a two layer ocean to a moving hurricane.Geophys Fluid Dyn,1:249-272
Gill A E.1984.On the behavior of internal waves in the wakes of storms.J Phys Oceanogr,14:1129-1151
Huang N E,Shen Z,Long S R,Wu M C,Shih H H,Zheng Q,Yen N C,Tung C C,Liu H H.1998.The empirical mode decomposition and the Hilbert spectrum for nonlinear and non-stationary time series analysis.Proc R Soc A-Math Phys Eng Sci,454:903-995
Jacob S D,Shay L K.2003.The role of oceanic mesoscale features on the tropical cyclone-induced mixed layer response:A case study.JPhys Oceanogr,33:649-676
Jaimes B,Shay L K.2009.Mixed layer cooling in mesoscale oceanic eddies during hurricanes Katrina and Rita.Mon Weather Rev,137:4188-4207
Kobayashi N,Zhao H,Tega Y.2005.Suspended sand transport in surf zones.J Geophys Res,110:C12009
Kunze E.1985.Near-inertial wave propagation in geostrophic shear.JPhys Oceanogr,15:544-565
Pollard R T.1970.On the generation by winds of inertial waves in the ocean.Deep Sea Res Oceanogr-Abstract,17:795-812
Price J F.1981.Upper ocean response to a hurricane.J Phys Oceanogr,11:153-175
Price J F.1983.Internal wave wake of a moving storm.Part I.Scales,energy budget and observations.J Phys Oceanogr,13:949-965
Price J F,Sanford T B,Forristall G Z.1994.Forced stage response to a moving hurricane.J Phys Oceanogr,24:233-260
Sanford T B,Price J F,Girton J B.2011.Upper-ocean response to hurricane Frances(2004)observed by profiling EM-APEX floats.JPhys Oceanogr,41:1041-1056
Shay L K,Elsberry R L.1987.Near-inertial ocean current response to Hurricane Frederic.J Phys Oceanogr,17:1249-1269
Shearman R K.2005.Observations of near-inertial current variability on the New England shelf.J Geophys Res,110:C02012
Sriver R L,Huber M.2007.Observational evidence for an ocean heat pump induced by tropical cyclones.Nature,447:577-580
Sun L,Zheng Q A,Tang T Y,Chuang W S,Li L,Hu J Y,Wang D X.2012.Upper ocean near-inertial response to 1998 Typhoon Faith in the South China Sea.Acta Oceanol Sin,31:25-32
Walker N D,Leben R R,Balasubramanian S.2005.Hurricane-forced upwelling and chlorophyll a enhancement within cold-core cyclones in the Gulf of Mexico.Geophys Res Lett,32:L18610
Xu Z H,Yin B S,Hou Y J,Xu Y S.2013.Variability of internal tides and near-inertial waves on the continental slope of the northwestern South China Sea.J Geophys Res-Oceans,118:197-211
Yang B,Hou Y J.2014.Near-inertial waves in the wake of 2011Typhoon Nesat in the northern South China Sea.Acta Oceanol Sin,33:102-111
Yang Q X,Zhao W,Liang X F,Dong J H,Tian J W.2017.Elevated mixing in the periphery of mesoscale eddies in the South China Sea.J Phys Oceanogr,47:895-907
Ying M,Zhang W,Yu H,Lu X Q,Feng J X,Fan Y X,Zhu Y T,Chen DQ.2014.An overview of the China Meteorological Administration tropical cyclone database.J Atmos Ocean Technol,31:287-301
Zedler S E,Dickey T D,Doney S C,Price J F,Yu X,Mellor G L.2002.Analyses and simulations of the upper ocean’s response to Hurricane Felix at the Bermuda Testbed Mooring site:13-23August 1995.J Geophys Res,107:25-1-25-29
Zhang S W,Xie L L,Hou Y J,Zhao H,Yi X F.2014a.Tropical storminduced turbulent mixing and chlorophyll-a enhancement in the continental shelf southeast of Hainan Island.J Mar Syst,129:405-414
Zhang S W,Xie L L,Zhao H,Hou Y J.2014b.Tropical storm-forced near-inertial energy dissipation in the southeast continental shelf region of Hainan Island.Sci China Earth Sci,57:1879-1884
Zheng Y,Yue J,Sun X F,Chen J.2012.Studies of filtering effect on internal solitary wave flow field data in the South China Sea using EMD.Adv Mater Res,518-523:1422-1425
李宏,刘增宏,许建平,吴晓芬,孙朝辉,卢少磊,曹敏杰.2017.全球海洋Argo网格数据集(BOA-Argo)用户手册.中国Argo实时资料中心.25
周磊,田纪伟,王东晓.2005.斜压海洋水平大尺度波动各模态能量分布对风的响应,中国科学D辑:地球科学,35:997-1006
Alford M H,Gregg M C.2001.Near-inertial mixing:Modulation of shear,strain and microstructure at low latitude.J Geophys Res,106:16947-16968
Alford M H,Cronin M F,Klymak J M.2012.Annual cycle and depth penetration of wind-generated near-inertial internal waves at ocean station Papa in the Northeast Pacific.J Phys Oceanogr,42:889-909
Brooks D A.1983.The wake of Hurricane Allen in the western Gulf of Mexico.J Phys Oceanogr,13:117-129
Burchard H,Rippeth T P.2009.Generation of bulk shear spikes in shallow stratified tidal seas.J Phys Oceanogr,39:969-985
Chen G X,Xue H J,Wang D X,Xie Q.2013.Observed near-inertial kinetic energy in the northwestern South China Sea.J Geophys ResOceans,118:4965-4977
Cuypers Y,Le Vaillant X,Bouruet-Aubertot P,Vialard J,McPhaden MJ.2013.Tropical storm-induced near-inertial internal waves during the Cirene experiment:Energy fluxes and impact on vertical mixing.J Geophys Res-Oceans,118:358-380
D’Asaro E A.1995.Upper ocean inerital currents forced by a strong storm.Part II:Modelling.J Phys Oceanogr,25:2937-2952
D’Asaro E A.2003.The ocean boundary layer below Hurricane Dennis.J Phys Oceanogr,33:561-579
Federiuk J,Allen J S.1996.Model studies of near-inertial waves in flow over the Oregon continental shelf.J Phys Oceanogr,26:2053-2075
Firing E,Lien R C,Muller P.1997.Observations of strong inertial oscillations after the passage of Tropical Cyclone Ofa.J Geophys Res,102:3317-3322
Furuichi N,Hibiya T,Niwa Y.2008.Model-predicted distribution of wind-induced internal wave energy in the world’s oceans.JGeophys Res,113:C09034
Gardner W D,Blakey J C,Walsh I D,Richardson M J,Pegau S,Zaneveld J R V,Roesler C,Gregg M C,MacKinnon J A,Sosik HM,Williams Iii A J.2001.Optics,particles,stratification,and storms on the New England continental shelf.J Geophys Res,106:9473-9497
Geisler J E.1970.Linear theory of the response of a two layer ocean to a moving hurricane.Geophys Fluid Dyn,1:249-272
Gill A E.1984.On the behavior of internal waves in the wakes of storms.J Phys Oceanogr,14:1129-1151
Huang N E,Shen Z,Long S R,Wu M C,Shih H H,Zheng Q,Yen N C,Tung C C,Liu H H.1998.The empirical mode decomposition and the Hilbert spectrum for nonlinear and non-stationary time series analysis.Proc R Soc A-Math Phys Eng Sci,454:903-995
Jacob S D,Shay L K.2003.The role of oceanic mesoscale features on the tropical cyclone-induced mixed layer response:A case study.JPhys Oceanogr,33:649-676
Jaimes B,Shay L K.2009.Mixed layer cooling in mesoscale oceanic eddies during hurricanes Katrina and Rita.Mon Weather Rev,137:4188-4207
Kobayashi N,Zhao H,Tega Y.2005.Suspended sand transport in surf zones.J Geophys Res,110:C12009
Kunze E.1985.Near-inertial wave propagation in geostrophic shear.JPhys Oceanogr,15:544-565
Pollard R T.1970.On the generation by winds of inertial waves in the ocean.Deep Sea Res Oceanogr-Abstract,17:795-812
Price J F.1981.Upper ocean response to a hurricane.J Phys Oceanogr,11:153-175
Price J F.1983.Internal wave wake of a moving storm.Part I.Scales,energy budget and observations.J Phys Oceanogr,13:949-965
Price J F,Sanford T B,Forristall G Z.1994.Forced stage response to a moving hurricane.J Phys Oceanogr,24:233-260
Sanford T B,Price J F,Girton J B.2011.Upper-ocean response to hurricane Frances(2004)observed by profiling EM-APEX floats.JPhys Oceanogr,41:1041-1056
Shay L K,Elsberry R L.1987.Near-inertial ocean current response to Hurricane Frederic.J Phys Oceanogr,17:1249-1269
Shearman R K.2005.Observations of near-inertial current variability on the New England shelf.J Geophys Res,110:C02012
Sriver R L,Huber M.2007.Observational evidence for an ocean heat pump induced by tropical cyclones.Nature,447:577-580
Sun L,Zheng Q A,Tang T Y,Chuang W S,Li L,Hu J Y,Wang D X.2012.Upper ocean near-inertial response to 1998 Typhoon Faith in the South China Sea.Acta Oceanol Sin,31:25-32
Walker N D,Leben R R,Balasubramanian S.2005.Hurricane-forced upwelling and chlorophyll a enhancement within cold-core cyclones in the Gulf of Mexico.Geophys Res Lett,32:L18610
Xu Z H,Yin B S,Hou Y J,Xu Y S.2013.Variability of internal tides and near-inertial waves on the continental slope of the northwestern South China Sea.J Geophys Res-Oceans,118:197-211
Yang B,Hou Y J.2014.Near-inertial waves in the wake of 2011Typhoon Nesat in the northern South China Sea.Acta Oceanol Sin,33:102-111
Yang Q X,Zhao W,Liang X F,Dong J H,Tian J W.2017.Elevated mixing in the periphery of mesoscale eddies in the South China Sea.J Phys Oceanogr,47:895-907
Ying M,Zhang W,Yu H,Lu X Q,Feng J X,Fan Y X,Zhu Y T,Chen DQ.2014.An overview of the China Meteorological Administration tropical cyclone database.J Atmos Ocean Technol,31:287-301
Zedler S E,Dickey T D,Doney S C,Price J F,Yu X,Mellor G L.2002.Analyses and simulations of the upper ocean’s response to Hurricane Felix at the Bermuda Testbed Mooring site:13-23August 1995.J Geophys Res,107:25-1-25-29
Zhang S W,Xie L L,Hou Y J,Zhao H,Yi X F.2014a.Tropical storminduced turbulent mixing and chlorophyll-a enhancement in the continental shelf southeast of Hainan Island.J Mar Syst,129:405-414
Zhang S W,Xie L L,Zhao H,Hou Y J.2014b.Tropical storm-forced near-inertial energy dissipation in the southeast continental shelf region of Hainan Island.Sci China Earth Sci,57:1879-1884
Zheng Y,Yue J,Sun X F,Chen J.2012.Studies of filtering effect on internal solitary wave flow field data in the South China Sea using EMD.Adv Mater Res,518-523:1422-1425
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