南美东缘被动陆缘盆地石油地质特征与资源潜力评价
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摘要
为明确南美东缘被动陆缘盆地群油气资源潜力,在系统分析19个被动陆缘盆地群石油地质特征的基础上,首次以成藏组合为单元评价被动陆缘盆地群资源潜力,探讨下步勘探方向:1)南美东缘整体经历"裂谷"—"过渡"—"被动陆缘"3个构造演化阶段;2)发育2套主要烃源岩,即白垩系裂谷期湖相烃源岩和被动陆缘期海相烃源岩;白垩系(占总可采储量69%)和第三系(占总可采储量29%)是2套主要的储集层;盖层为白垩系层间泥岩、第三系海相泥页岩,中段盆地群发育一套白垩系膏盐岩区域性盖层;油气主要富集在中段含盐盆地(可采储量占总量96.32%);盆地群主要发育上部、中部和下部3套大的成藏组合;3)预测总待发现油气可采资源量为132 451百万桶,平面上主要分布在坎波斯、桑托斯、埃斯普利托桑托、圭亚那和马尔维纳斯盆地;纵向主要集中在上部成藏组合;坎波斯盆地上部成藏组合,是最有利的勘探区域,其次为桑托斯盆地的中部和下部成藏组合。
In order to fully understand the resource potential of the continental margin basins in eastern South America, through hydrocarbon accumulation factors analysis of the 19 continental basins, the petroleum features of the continental margin basins in eastern were systematically concluded, based on which the resource potential of these basins was evaluated by taking play as basic evaluation unit. The results show that: 1) the eastern margin is through rift-transition-continental structural evolution periods; 2) two major source rocks i.e. the Cretaceous rift lacustrine source rock and continental margin marine source rock are developed; resources mainly concentrate in Cretaceous(69%) and Tertiary(29%) reservoirs; Cretaceous interlayer mudstone and tertiary marine shale are the main seal rocks, and salt develops in the middle basins is another major regional seal; resources mainly distribute in the central salt developed basins(about 96.32% of the total recoverable reserves of continental margin basins); 3) the total undiscovered oil and gas resources are 132 451 Mmbo, mainly in Campos, Santos, Espirito Santo, Guyana and Malvinas in plane and the upper play in vertical; the upper play of Campos basin is the most favorable exploration area, and the middle and bottom plays of Santos are the secondary targets.
In order to fully understand the resource potential of the continental margin basins in eastern South America, through hydrocarbon accumulation factors analysis of the 19 continental basins, the petroleum features of the continental margin basins in eastern were systematically concluded, based on which the resource potential of these basins was evaluated by taking play as basic evaluation unit. The results show that: 1) the eastern margin is through rift-transition-continental structural evolution periods; 2) two major source rocks i.e. the Cretaceous rift lacustrine source rock and continental margin marine source rock are developed; resources mainly concentrate in Cretaceous(69%) and Tertiary(29%) reservoirs; Cretaceous interlayer mudstone and tertiary marine shale are the main seal rocks, and salt develops in the middle basins is another major regional seal; resources mainly distribute in the central salt developed basins(about 96.32% of the total recoverable reserves of continental margin basins); 3) the total undiscovered oil and gas resources are 132 451 Mmbo, mainly in Campos, Santos, Espirito Santo, Guyana and Malvinas in plane and the upper play in vertical; the upper play of Campos basin is the most favorable exploration area, and the middle and bottom plays of Santos are the secondary targets.
引文
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[22]Guardado L R,Spadini A R,Brandao J S L,et al.Petroleum systems of the Campos Basin[C]//Mello M R,Katz B J.Petroleum systems of the South Atlantic margins,AAPG Memoir 73.Tusla:AAPG,2000:317-324.
[23]童晓光.论成藏组合在勘探评价中的意义[J].西南石油大学学报(自然科学版),2009,31(6):1-8.TONG Xiaoguang.A discussion on the role of accumulation association in the explorating evaluation[J].Journal of Southwest Petroleum University(Science&Technology Edition),2009,31(6):1-8.
[24]童晓光,李浩武,肖坤叶,等.成藏组合快速分析技术在海外低勘探程度盆地的应用[J].石油学报,2009,30(3):317-323.TONG Xiaoguang,LI Haowu,XIAO Kunye,et al.Application of play quick analysis technique in oversea basins with low-degree exploration[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2009,30(3):317-323.
[25]谢寅符,马中振,刘亚明.以成藏组合为核心的油气资源评价方法及应用:以南美坎波斯(Campos)盆地为例[J].地质科技情报,2012,31(2):45-49.XIE Yinfu,MA Zhongzhen,LIU Yaming.Method of play cored oil and gas resource assessment and application:Taking Campos basin in Brazil as an example[J].Geological Science and Technology Information,2012,31(2):45-49.
[26]Schenk C J,Higley D K,Magoon L B.Region 6 assessment summary-central and south America[C]//Denver,US:Geological Survey Digital Data Series 60.2000:R6-1-R6-25.
[2]吴泰然,何国琦.大陆解体与被动陆缘的演化[J].地学前缘,2007,14(4):18-25.WU Tairan,HE Guoqi.Continental breakup and evolution of rifted volcanic margins[J].Earth Science Frontiers,2007,14(4):18-25.
[3]邹才能,陶土振.大油气区的内涵、分类、形成和分布[J].石油勘探与开发,2007,34(1):5-12.ZOU Caineng,TAO Shizhen.Connotation,classification,formation and distribution of giant oil and gas province[J].Petroleum exploration and Development,2007,34(1):5-12.
[4]邹才能,张光亚,陶士振,等.全球油气勘探领域地质特征、重大发现及非常规石油地质[J].石油勘探与开发,2010,37(2):129-145.ZOU Caineng,ZHANG Guangya,TAO Shizhen,et al.Geological features,major discoveries and unconventional petroleum geology in the global petroleum exploration[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2010,37(2):129-145.
[5]谢寅符,马中振,刘亚明,等.南美洲油气地质特征及资源评价[J].地质科技情报,2012,31(4):61-66.XIE Yinfu,MA Zhongzhen,LIU Yaming,et al.Petroleum geology and resource assessment in South America[J].Geological Science and Technology Information,2012,31(4):61-66.
[6]叶德燎,徐文明,陈荣林.南美洲油气资源与勘探开发潜力[J].中国石油勘探,2007,12(2):70-75.YE Deliao,XU Wenming,CHEN Ronglin.Petroleum resource and exploration and development potential of South America[J].China Petroleum Exploration,2007,12(2):70-75.
[7]谢寅符,赵明章,杨福忠,等.拉丁美洲主要沉积盆地类型及典型含油气盆地石油地质特征[J].中国石油勘探,2009,14(1):65-73.XIE Yinfu,ZHAO Mingzhang,YANG Fuzhong,et al.Primary types of sedimentary basins and petroleum geological characteristics of typical basins in Latin America[J].China Petroleum Exploration,2009,14(1):65-73.
[8]IHS Energy,Basin Monitor,South America[EB/OL].[2009].http://global.ihs.com
[9]马中振,谢寅符,耿长波,等.巴西坎波斯(Campos)盆地石油地质特征与勘探有利区分析[J].吉林大学学报(地球科学版),2011,41(5):1389-1396.MA Zhongzhen,XIE Yinfu,GENG Changbo,et al.Petroleum geology and favorable exploration analysis of the Campos basin,Brazil[J].Journal of Jilin University(Earth Science Edition),2011,41(5):1389-1396.
[10]马中振.典型大西洋型深水盆地油气地质特征及勘探潜力:以巴西桑托斯盆地为例[J].中南大学学报(自然科学版),2013,44(3):1108-1115.MA Zhongzhen.Petroleum geology and favorable exploration potential of typical South Atlantic deep water basin:Taking Brazil Santos basin as an example[J].Journal of Central South University(Science and Technology),2013,44(3):1108-1115.
[11]Guardado L R,Gamboa L A P,Lucchesi C F.Petroleum geology of the Campos basin,Brazil,a model for a producing Atlantic type basin[C]//Edwards J D,Santogrossi P A.Divergent/Passive margin basins,AAPG Memoir 48.Tusla:AAPG,1990:3-80.
[12]Harrington H J.Paleogeographic development of South America[J].AAPG Bulletin,1962,46(10):1773-1814.
[13]Emery K O,Uchupi E,Phillip J S,et al.Continental margin of western Africa-Angola to Sierra Leone[J].AAPG Bulletin,1975,59(12):2209-2265.
[14]Tissot B,Demaison G,Masson P,et al.Paleoenvironment and petroleum potential of middle Cretaceous black shales in Atlantic basins[J].AAPG Bulletin,1980:64(11):2051-2063.
[15]Tankard A J,Uliana M A,Welsink H J,et al.Structural and Tectonic controls of basin evolution in southwestern Gondwana[C]//Tankard A J,Suárez S R,Welsink H J.Petroleum basins of South America,AAPG Memoir 62.Tusla:AAPG,1995:5-52.
[16]William G D,Fryklund R E,Odegard M E,et al.Constraints for plate reconstruction using gravity data-implications for source and reservoir distribution in Brazilian and West African margin basins[J].Marine and Petroleum Geology,2003,20(3/4):309-322.
[17]Rabinowitz P D,La Brecque J.The Mesozoic south Atlantic ocean and evolution of its continental margin[J].Journal of Geophysical Research,1979,84(B11):5973-6002.
[18]Cohen C.Role of fault rejuvenation in hydrocarbon accumulation and structural evolution of Rec?ncavo Basin,Northeast Brazil[J].AAPG Bulletin,1985,69(1):65-76.
[19]Figueiredo A M F,Braga J A E,Zabalaga J C,et al.Rec?ncavo Basin,Brazil:A prolific intracontinental rift basin[C]//Landon S M.Interior Rift Basins,AAPG Memoir 59.Tusla:AAPG,1994:157-203.
[20]Mello M R.Geochemical and molecular studies of the depositional environments of source rocks and their derived oils from the Brazilian marginal basins[D].Bristol,UK:Bristol University,1988:240.
[21]Mohriak W U,Mello M R,Dewey J F,et al.Petroleum geology of the Campos Basin,offshore Brazil[C]//Geological Society of London,Special Publication 50,1990:119-141.
[22]Guardado L R,Spadini A R,Brandao J S L,et al.Petroleum systems of the Campos Basin[C]//Mello M R,Katz B J.Petroleum systems of the South Atlantic margins,AAPG Memoir 73.Tusla:AAPG,2000:317-324.
[23]童晓光.论成藏组合在勘探评价中的意义[J].西南石油大学学报(自然科学版),2009,31(6):1-8.TONG Xiaoguang.A discussion on the role of accumulation association in the explorating evaluation[J].Journal of Southwest Petroleum University(Science&Technology Edition),2009,31(6):1-8.
[24]童晓光,李浩武,肖坤叶,等.成藏组合快速分析技术在海外低勘探程度盆地的应用[J].石油学报,2009,30(3):317-323.TONG Xiaoguang,LI Haowu,XIAO Kunye,et al.Application of play quick analysis technique in oversea basins with low-degree exploration[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2009,30(3):317-323.
[25]谢寅符,马中振,刘亚明.以成藏组合为核心的油气资源评价方法及应用:以南美坎波斯(Campos)盆地为例[J].地质科技情报,2012,31(2):45-49.XIE Yinfu,MA Zhongzhen,LIU Yaming.Method of play cored oil and gas resource assessment and application:Taking Campos basin in Brazil as an example[J].Geological Science and Technology Information,2012,31(2):45-49.
[26]Schenk C J,Higley D K,Magoon L B.Region 6 assessment summary-central and south America[C]//Denver,US:Geological Survey Digital Data Series 60.2000:R6-1-R6-25.