偏离度法确定济南夏季对流边界层高度研究
|
摘要
利用济南站边界层风廓线雷达(简称WPR)观测资料,对大气折射率结构常数(简称C2n)确定对流边界层高度(简称CBLH)的技术难点进行了研究,通过对实测C2n数据廓线进行求导变换突出其变量特征,提出了一种确定CBLH的方法,即e指数拟合曲线的偏离度法。结果表明:经案例分析和与实测对比,证实其判断的结果与L探空实测虚位温梯度法、湿度梯度法等的判断结果总体一致,平均值分别与后两者结果相差+10. 4 m、-21. 8 m,最小值差-70 m、-120 m,最大值差+50 m、+80 m,与后两者的相关系数分别达0. 988、0. 980。不同方法对比表明,31组样本中有7组的极大值法判断结果与偏离度法、虚位温梯度法存在较大差异,在CBLH判别时偏离度法总体优于极大值法。偏离度法能够将夏季CBLH确定结果的绝对误差降至近似WPR垂直分辨率水平。
Based on the data of boundary layer wind profile radar(WPR)at Ji'nan station,the technical difficulties in determining the height of the convective boundary layer(hereinafter referred to as CBLH)using the structure constant of atmospheric refractive index(hereinafter referred to as C_n~2)were studied.Through transforming the profile of C_n~2 data to highlight its variable characteristics,we proposed a method to determine CBLH,namely,the deviation method based on an e-index fitting curve.Confirmed by case analysis and compared with the measurements,the results derived using this method are generally consistent with those derived using the methods of the Lsounding virtual potential temperature gradient and the moisture gradient.The correlation coefficients between the results obtained in this study and those obtained from the other two methods reach 0.988 and 0.980,respectively,and the average differences are +10,4 m and-21.8 m,the minimum differences are-70 m and-120 m,and the maximum differences are +50 m and +80 m,respectively.The comparison results of different methods show that,among thirty-one groups of samples,the results from seven groups derived by the maximum value method are significant differences from those derived by the deviation and the virtual potential temperature gradient methods.The deviation method is generally superior to the maximum value method in determining CBLH.This method can reduce the absolute error of CBLH in summer to approximately the level of the WPR vertical resolution.
Based on the data of boundary layer wind profile radar(WPR)at Ji'nan station,the technical difficulties in determining the height of the convective boundary layer(hereinafter referred to as CBLH)using the structure constant of atmospheric refractive index(hereinafter referred to as C_n~2)were studied.Through transforming the profile of C_n~2 data to highlight its variable characteristics,we proposed a method to determine CBLH,namely,the deviation method based on an e-index fitting curve.Confirmed by case analysis and compared with the measurements,the results derived using this method are generally consistent with those derived using the methods of the Lsounding virtual potential temperature gradient and the moisture gradient.The correlation coefficients between the results obtained in this study and those obtained from the other two methods reach 0.988 and 0.980,respectively,and the average differences are +10,4 m and-21.8 m,the minimum differences are-70 m and-120 m,and the maximum differences are +50 m and +80 m,respectively.The comparison results of different methods show that,among thirty-one groups of samples,the results from seven groups derived by the maximum value method are significant differences from those derived by the deviation and the virtual potential temperature gradient methods.The deviation method is generally superior to the maximum value method in determining CBLH.This method can reduce the absolute error of CBLH in summer to approximately the level of the WPR vertical resolution.
引文
[1]魏浩,胡明宝,艾未华.小波变换在风廓线雷达探测大气边界层高度中的应用研究[J].热带气象学报,2015,31(6):811-820.
[2]金莉莉,李振杰,何清,等.乌鲁木齐市边界层日变化特征[J].气象科技,2017,45(4):686-697.
[3]王耀庭,李威,张小玲,等.北京城区夏季静稳天气下大气边界层与大气污染的关系[J].环境科学研究,2012,25(10):1092-1098.
[4]中国环境科研院.GB/T 13201-1991,制定地方大气污染物排放标准的技术方法[S].北京:标准出版社,1992:17-18.
[5]廖国莲.大气混合层厚度的计算方法及影响因子[J].中山大学研究生学刊:自然科学、医学版,2005,26(4):66-73.
[6]陈磊,俞科爱,林宏伟,等.宁波市大气混合层厚度变化特征及其与空气污染的关系[J].气象与环境学报,2017,33(4):40-47.
[7]程水源,席德立,张宝宁,等.大气混合层高度的确定与计算方法研究[J].中国环境科学,1997,17(6):512-516.
[8]马金,郑向东.混合层厚度的经验计算及与探空观测对比分析[J].应用气象学报,2011,22(5):567-576.
[9]吴祖常,董保群.我国陆域大气最大混合层厚度的地理分布与季节变化[J].科技通报,1998,14(3):158-163.
[10]张莹,贾旭伟,杨旭,等.中国典型代表城市空气污染特征及其与气象参数的关系[J].气象与环境学报,2017,33(2):70-79.
[11]程水源,席德立.关于确定大气混合层高度的几种方法[J].环境科学进展,1997,5(4):63-67.
[12]赵鸣,苗曼倩,王彦昌.边界层气象学教程[M].北京:气象出版社,1991:218-219.
[13]洪钟祥,钱敏伟,胡非.由地基遥感资料确定大气边界层特征[J].大气科学,1998,22(4):613-624.
[14]张坚.风廓线雷达在南海季风边界层结构及深圳海陆风研究中的应用[D].南京:南京信息工程大学,2013:1-35.
[15]Hyun Y K,Kim K E,Ha K J.A comparison of methods to estimate the height of stable boundary layer over a temperate grassland[J].Agricultural and Forest M eteorology,2005,132(1/2):132-142.
[16]Bianco L,Wilczak J M.Convective boundary layer depth:improved measurement by Doppler radar w ind profiler using fuzzy logic methods[J].Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology,2002,19(11):1745-1758.
[17]Angevine W M,White A B,Avery S K.Boundary-layer depth and entrainment zone characterization w ith a boundary-layer profiler[J].Boundary-Layer M eteorology,1994,68(4):375-385.
[18]刘北平.确定大气混合层高度方法的研究[J].环境科学研究,1990,3(1):8-12.
[19]Seibert P,Beyrich F,Gryning S E,et al.Review and intercomparison of operational methods for the determination of the mixing height[J].Atmospheric Environment,2000,34(7):1001-1027.
[20]尹青,何金海,张华.激光雷达在气象和大气环境监测中的应用[J].气象与环境学报,2009,25(5):48-56.
[21]毛敏娟,蒋维楣,吴晓庆,等.气象激光雷达的城市边界层探测[J].环境科学学报,2006,26(10):1723-1728.
[22]姜杰,郑有飞,刘建军,等.南京上空大气边界层的激光雷达观测研究[J].环境科学与技术,2014,37(1):22-27,80.
[23]王琳,谢晨波,韩永,等.测量大气边界层高度的激光雷达数据反演方法研究[J].大气与环境光学学报,2012,7(4):241-247.
[24]胡欢陵,吴永华,谢晨波,等.北京地区夏冬季颗粒物污染边界层的激光雷达观测[J].环境科学研究,2004,17(1):59-66,73.
[25]何平.相控阵风廓线雷达[M].北京:气象出版社,2006:46-115.
[26]胡明宝.风廓线雷达探测与应用[M].北京:气象出版社,2015:95-113.
[27]徐桂荣,孙振添,李武阶,等.地基微波辐射计与GPS无线电探空和GPS/MET的观测对比分析[J].暴雨灾害,2010,29(4):315-321.
[28]杨富燕,张宁,朱莲芳,等.基于激光雷达和微波辐射计观测确定混合层高度方法的比较[J].高原气象,2016,35(4):1102-1111.
[29]李建强,李新生,董文晓,等.RPG-HATPRO微波辐射计反演的温度和湿度数据适用性分析[J].气象与环境学报,2017,33(6):89-95.
[30]陈浩君,黄兴友,王亚东,等.上海TWP3型边界层风廓线雷达探测性能评估[J].气象科技,2015,43(3):355-360.
[31]蒋德海,王成刚,吴兑,等.利用风廓线雷达资料对广州地区边界层日变化特征的分析研究[J].热带气象学报,2013,29(1):129-135.
[32]Compton J C,Delgado R,Berkoff T A,et al.Determination of planetary boundary layer height on short spatial and temporal scales:a demonstration of the covariance w avelet transform in ground-based w ind profiler and Lidar measurements[J].Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology,2013,30(7):1566-1575.
[33]廖菲,邓华,李旭.基于风廓线雷达的广东登陆台风边界层高度特征研究[J].大气科学,2017,41(5):949-959.
[34]周秀骥,陶善昌,姚克亚.高等大气物理学[M].北京:气象出版社,1991:138-139.
[35]王晓芳,王成刚,卜令兵,等.利用LAP-3000型风廓线雷达资料对深圳地区湍流耗散率特征的研究[J].气象科学,2011,31(S1):1-6.
[36]Liu X H,Ohtaki E.An independent method to determine the height of the mixed layer[J].Boundary-Layer M eteorology,1997,85(3):497-504.
[37]Bianco L,Wilczak J M,white A B.Convective boundary layer depth estimation from w ind profilers:statistical comparison betw een an automated algorithm and expert estimations[J].Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology,2008,25(8):1397-1413.
[38]曹晓彦,李炬,张京江,等.由风廓线数据分析北京地区夏季边界层高度的特征[C]//中国气象学会2007年年会气象综合探测技术分会场论文集.广州,2007:68-77.
[39]王敏仲,魏文寿,何清,等.风廓线雷达对塔克拉玛干沙漠晴天边界层的探测分析[J].气象,2012,38(5):577-584.
[40]翁宁泉,曾宗泳,肖黎明,等.大气折射率结构常数垂直分布特征[J].强激光与粒子束,1999,11(6):673-676.
[41]阮征,何平,葛润生.风廓线雷达对大气折射率结构常数的探测研究[J].大气科学,2008,32(1):133-140.
[42]Stull R B.边界层气象学导论[M].杨长新,译.青岛:青岛海洋大学,1991:478-519.
[2]金莉莉,李振杰,何清,等.乌鲁木齐市边界层日变化特征[J].气象科技,2017,45(4):686-697.
[3]王耀庭,李威,张小玲,等.北京城区夏季静稳天气下大气边界层与大气污染的关系[J].环境科学研究,2012,25(10):1092-1098.
[4]中国环境科研院.GB/T 13201-1991,制定地方大气污染物排放标准的技术方法[S].北京:标准出版社,1992:17-18.
[5]廖国莲.大气混合层厚度的计算方法及影响因子[J].中山大学研究生学刊:自然科学、医学版,2005,26(4):66-73.
[6]陈磊,俞科爱,林宏伟,等.宁波市大气混合层厚度变化特征及其与空气污染的关系[J].气象与环境学报,2017,33(4):40-47.
[7]程水源,席德立,张宝宁,等.大气混合层高度的确定与计算方法研究[J].中国环境科学,1997,17(6):512-516.
[8]马金,郑向东.混合层厚度的经验计算及与探空观测对比分析[J].应用气象学报,2011,22(5):567-576.
[9]吴祖常,董保群.我国陆域大气最大混合层厚度的地理分布与季节变化[J].科技通报,1998,14(3):158-163.
[10]张莹,贾旭伟,杨旭,等.中国典型代表城市空气污染特征及其与气象参数的关系[J].气象与环境学报,2017,33(2):70-79.
[11]程水源,席德立.关于确定大气混合层高度的几种方法[J].环境科学进展,1997,5(4):63-67.
[12]赵鸣,苗曼倩,王彦昌.边界层气象学教程[M].北京:气象出版社,1991:218-219.
[13]洪钟祥,钱敏伟,胡非.由地基遥感资料确定大气边界层特征[J].大气科学,1998,22(4):613-624.
[14]张坚.风廓线雷达在南海季风边界层结构及深圳海陆风研究中的应用[D].南京:南京信息工程大学,2013:1-35.
[15]Hyun Y K,Kim K E,Ha K J.A comparison of methods to estimate the height of stable boundary layer over a temperate grassland[J].Agricultural and Forest M eteorology,2005,132(1/2):132-142.
[16]Bianco L,Wilczak J M.Convective boundary layer depth:improved measurement by Doppler radar w ind profiler using fuzzy logic methods[J].Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology,2002,19(11):1745-1758.
[17]Angevine W M,White A B,Avery S K.Boundary-layer depth and entrainment zone characterization w ith a boundary-layer profiler[J].Boundary-Layer M eteorology,1994,68(4):375-385.
[18]刘北平.确定大气混合层高度方法的研究[J].环境科学研究,1990,3(1):8-12.
[19]Seibert P,Beyrich F,Gryning S E,et al.Review and intercomparison of operational methods for the determination of the mixing height[J].Atmospheric Environment,2000,34(7):1001-1027.
[20]尹青,何金海,张华.激光雷达在气象和大气环境监测中的应用[J].气象与环境学报,2009,25(5):48-56.
[21]毛敏娟,蒋维楣,吴晓庆,等.气象激光雷达的城市边界层探测[J].环境科学学报,2006,26(10):1723-1728.
[22]姜杰,郑有飞,刘建军,等.南京上空大气边界层的激光雷达观测研究[J].环境科学与技术,2014,37(1):22-27,80.
[23]王琳,谢晨波,韩永,等.测量大气边界层高度的激光雷达数据反演方法研究[J].大气与环境光学学报,2012,7(4):241-247.
[24]胡欢陵,吴永华,谢晨波,等.北京地区夏冬季颗粒物污染边界层的激光雷达观测[J].环境科学研究,2004,17(1):59-66,73.
[25]何平.相控阵风廓线雷达[M].北京:气象出版社,2006:46-115.
[26]胡明宝.风廓线雷达探测与应用[M].北京:气象出版社,2015:95-113.
[27]徐桂荣,孙振添,李武阶,等.地基微波辐射计与GPS无线电探空和GPS/MET的观测对比分析[J].暴雨灾害,2010,29(4):315-321.
[28]杨富燕,张宁,朱莲芳,等.基于激光雷达和微波辐射计观测确定混合层高度方法的比较[J].高原气象,2016,35(4):1102-1111.
[29]李建强,李新生,董文晓,等.RPG-HATPRO微波辐射计反演的温度和湿度数据适用性分析[J].气象与环境学报,2017,33(6):89-95.
[30]陈浩君,黄兴友,王亚东,等.上海TWP3型边界层风廓线雷达探测性能评估[J].气象科技,2015,43(3):355-360.
[31]蒋德海,王成刚,吴兑,等.利用风廓线雷达资料对广州地区边界层日变化特征的分析研究[J].热带气象学报,2013,29(1):129-135.
[32]Compton J C,Delgado R,Berkoff T A,et al.Determination of planetary boundary layer height on short spatial and temporal scales:a demonstration of the covariance w avelet transform in ground-based w ind profiler and Lidar measurements[J].Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology,2013,30(7):1566-1575.
[33]廖菲,邓华,李旭.基于风廓线雷达的广东登陆台风边界层高度特征研究[J].大气科学,2017,41(5):949-959.
[34]周秀骥,陶善昌,姚克亚.高等大气物理学[M].北京:气象出版社,1991:138-139.
[35]王晓芳,王成刚,卜令兵,等.利用LAP-3000型风廓线雷达资料对深圳地区湍流耗散率特征的研究[J].气象科学,2011,31(S1):1-6.
[36]Liu X H,Ohtaki E.An independent method to determine the height of the mixed layer[J].Boundary-Layer M eteorology,1997,85(3):497-504.
[37]Bianco L,Wilczak J M,white A B.Convective boundary layer depth estimation from w ind profilers:statistical comparison betw een an automated algorithm and expert estimations[J].Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology,2008,25(8):1397-1413.
[38]曹晓彦,李炬,张京江,等.由风廓线数据分析北京地区夏季边界层高度的特征[C]//中国气象学会2007年年会气象综合探测技术分会场论文集.广州,2007:68-77.
[39]王敏仲,魏文寿,何清,等.风廓线雷达对塔克拉玛干沙漠晴天边界层的探测分析[J].气象,2012,38(5):577-584.
[40]翁宁泉,曾宗泳,肖黎明,等.大气折射率结构常数垂直分布特征[J].强激光与粒子束,1999,11(6):673-676.
[41]阮征,何平,葛润生.风廓线雷达对大气折射率结构常数的探测研究[J].大气科学,2008,32(1):133-140.
[42]Stull R B.边界层气象学导论[M].杨长新,译.青岛:青岛海洋大学,1991:478-519.
© 2004-2018 中国地质图书馆版权所有 京ICP备05064691号 京公网安备11010802017129号 地址：北京市海淀区学院路29号 邮编：100083 电话：办公室：(+86 10)66554848；文献借阅、咨询服务、科技查新：66554700 |