附加补偿气体射流冲击熔池方法对不锈钢脉冲MIG高速焊的影响
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摘要
为提高不锈钢焊接速度并抑制驼峰焊道及咬边缺陷,文中提出人为干预焊后熔池运动的新思路,并通过引入补偿气体射流对高温未凝固熔池进行冲击,实现对不锈钢脉冲MIG焊(熔化极惰性气体保护焊)熔池进行人为干预而达到改善焊缝成形的目的.该方法利用自制的脉冲MIG焊接熔池补偿气体射流试验平台,以304不锈钢为焊接工件,进行等线能量输入条件下不同焊接速度和不同补偿气体射流流量试验.结果表明,补偿气体射流方法可使焊接速度提高2倍以上,焊缝平直、均匀、美观,无驼峰焊道和咬边缺陷;焊缝截面分析表明,该方法对驼峰部位堆积的液态金属调节率达78.63%,使焊接过程力热效率提升达74.36%.
A new idea of artificial interference in the movement of weld pool after welding was put forward to improve the welding speed of stainless steel and restrain the hump weld bead and undercut defects. Compensating gas jet was introduced to impact the high temperature unsettled weld pool, and the weld formation was improved by interfering pulsed MIG weld pool of stainless steel. A self-made pulsed MIG weld pool compensating gas jet test platform was used to test different welding speeds and different compensating gas jet flow rates with 304 stainless steel as welding workpiece under the same energy input. The results show that the welding speed can be increased by more than 2 times with the method of compensating gas jet, and the welding seam is straight, uniform and beautiful without hump and undercut defects. The cross-section analysis of welding seam shows that the adjustment rate of liquid metal accumulated in hump by this method reaches 78.63%, and the thermal efficiency of base metal increases to 74.36%.
A new idea of artificial interference in the movement of weld pool after welding was put forward to improve the welding speed of stainless steel and restrain the hump weld bead and undercut defects. Compensating gas jet was introduced to impact the high temperature unsettled weld pool, and the weld formation was improved by interfering pulsed MIG weld pool of stainless steel. A self-made pulsed MIG weld pool compensating gas jet test platform was used to test different welding speeds and different compensating gas jet flow rates with 304 stainless steel as welding workpiece under the same energy input. The results show that the welding speed can be increased by more than 2 times with the method of compensating gas jet, and the welding seam is straight, uniform and beautiful without hump and undercut defects. The cross-section analysis of welding seam shows that the adjustment rate of liquid metal accumulated in hump by this method reaches 78.63%, and the thermal efficiency of base metal increases to 74.36%.
引文
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[2] WEI H L,ELMER J W,DEBROY T.Crystal growth du-ring keyhole mode laser welding [J].Acta Materialia,2017,133:10- 20.
[3] WU C S,YANG F,GAO J.Effect of external magnetic field on weld pool flow conditions in high-speed gas metal arc welding [J].Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers Part B:Journal of Engineering Manufacture,2016,230(1):188- 193.
[4] 吴东升,华学明,叶定剑,等.高速GMAW驼峰形成过程的数值分析 [J].焊接学报,2016,37(10):5- 8.WU Dong-sheng,HUA Xue-ming,YE Ding-jian,et al.Numerical analysis of humping formation in high speed GMAW process [J].Transactions of the China Welding Institution,2016,37(10):5- 8.
[5] AHSAN M R U,CHEEPU M,KIM T H,et al.Mechanisms of weld pool flow and slag formation location in cold metal transfer(CMT) gas metal arc welding(GMAW) [J].Welding in the World,2017,61(2):1- 11.
[6] 陆善平,李冬杰,李殿中,等.双层气流保护TIG焊接方法 [J].焊接学报,2010,31(2):21- 24.LU Shan-ping,LI Dong-jie,LI Dian-zhong,et al.Double shielded TIG welding method [J].Transactions of the China Welding Institution,2010,31(2):21- 24.
[7] 李桂华,杨炙坤,王宇琪.双层气流保护TIG焊接在薄装甲钢上的工艺研究 [J].新技术新工艺,2013(11):112- 115.LI Gui-hua,YANG Zhi-kun,WANG Yu-qi.Research on process of double gas sheielded TIG welding applied on sheet armour steel [J].New Technology & New Process,2013(11):112- 115.
[8] AMARA E H,FABBRO R.Modelling of gas jet effect on the melt pool movements during deep penetration laser welding [J].Journal of Physics D:Applied Physics,2008 41(5):055503- 05503- 10.
[9] BLACKBURN J,ALLEN C,HILTON P,et al.Nd:YAG laser welding of titanium alloys using a directed gas jet [J].Journal of Laser Applications,2010,22(2):71- 78.
[10] 张林杰,张建勋,巩水利.激光深熔焊接过程中小孔行为的研究进展 [J].激光杂志,2009(5):3- 5.ZHANG Lin-jie,ZHANG Jian-xun,GONG Shui-li.Recent advance in research for keyhole behavior during laser deep penetration welding process [J].Laser Journal,2009(5):3- 5.
[11] 裴莹蕾,单际国,任家烈.焊接速度对高速激光焊熔池流动行为的影响 [J].中国激光,2013(5):61- 66.PEI Ying-lei,SHAN Ji-guo,REN Jia-lie.Effect of wel-ding speed on melt flow behavior in high speed laser welding process [J].Chinese Journal of Lasers,2013(5):61- 66.
[12] 周媛,蔡艳,衡昊坤,等.侧吹气体对奥氏体不锈钢激光焊缝组织和耐腐蚀性能的影响 [J].中国激光,2017(5):113- 120.ZHOU Yuan,CAI Yan,HENG Hao-kun,et al.Influence of side assist gas on microstructure and corrosion resis-tance of welds of austenitic stainless steel in laser welding [J].Chinese Journal of Lasers,2017(5):113- 120.
[13] BAGGER C,OLSEN F O.Review of laser hybrid welding [J].Journal of Laser Applications,2005,17(1):2- 14.
[14] 董昌文,薛家祥,徐敏,等.附加补偿保护气体对高速脉冲MIG焊焊缝的影响 [J].焊接学报,2015,36(12):85- 88.DONG Chang-wen,XUE Jia-xiang,XU Min,et al.Effects of additional compensation shielding gas on high-speed pulsed MIG welding seams [J].Transactions of the China Welding Institution,2015,36(12) :85- 88.
[15] DONG C W,XUE J X,JIANG X M.Effects of additional compensation shielding gas on stainless steel pulse MIG welding [C]//Proceedings of Advanced Robotics and its Social Impacts(ARSO).[S.l.]:IEEE,2016:128- 133.