放牧强度对高寒草甸植物叶片生态化学计量特征的影响
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摘要
在青藏高原高寒草甸封育、适度放牧、重度放牧3种放牧强度中,选取并测定了异针茅、麻花艽、蒲公英3种植物叶片中C、N、P的含量,探讨了植物叶片的化学计量特征对不同放牧强度的响应机制。结果表明:3种植物叶片在不同放牧强度样地中C含量无差异;3种植物叶片N、P含量在重度放牧草地中高于其他两种放牧强度,且重度放牧草地整体受N限制,其他两种草地植物受P限制;重度放牧草地的C/P、N/P比值显著低于其他两种草地放牧强度中的比值,说明重度放牧草地3种植物采取了快速生长策略,而且不同物种在不同生境中受养分限制的程度不同。以上结果说明草地的放牧强度不同,在很大程度上间接改变植物对养分的利用状况,不同植物对相同生境有不同的适应策略。
The leaves of Stipa aliena, Gentiana straminea and Taraxacum mongolicum were selected on the enclosed grassland, moderate grazing grassland and heavy grazing grassland in the alpine meadow of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. The contents of C, N and P in these three plants' leaves were determined, focusing on the response mechanism of the stoichiometric characteristics to different grazing patterns. The results showed that there were no difference in C content between the three plant species in diverse grazing patterns. The N and P contents of the three plants were higher than those of the other two grazing patterns in the heavy grazing grassland. The heavy grazing grassland was restricted by N, while the other two grassland plants were restricted by P. The ratio of C/P and N/P in heavy grazing grassland was significantly lower than that in the other two grassland grazing patterns, indicating that the three plant species in heavy grazing grassland adopted a rapid growth strategy, and different plants were different. The extent of nutrient limitation in habitats varies. The above results indicate that the grazing patterns of grassland are different, which indirectly changes the utilization of nutrients by plants, and different plants have different adaptation strategies for the same habitat.
The leaves of Stipa aliena, Gentiana straminea and Taraxacum mongolicum were selected on the enclosed grassland, moderate grazing grassland and heavy grazing grassland in the alpine meadow of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. The contents of C, N and P in these three plants' leaves were determined, focusing on the response mechanism of the stoichiometric characteristics to different grazing patterns. The results showed that there were no difference in C content between the three plant species in diverse grazing patterns. The N and P contents of the three plants were higher than those of the other two grazing patterns in the heavy grazing grassland. The heavy grazing grassland was restricted by N, while the other two grassland plants were restricted by P. The ratio of C/P and N/P in heavy grazing grassland was significantly lower than that in the other two grassland grazing patterns, indicating that the three plant species in heavy grazing grassland adopted a rapid growth strategy, and different plants were different. The extent of nutrient limitation in habitats varies. The above results indicate that the grazing patterns of grassland are different, which indirectly changes the utilization of nutrients by plants, and different plants have different adaptation strategies for the same habitat.
引文
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[11] 徐沙,龚吉蕊,张梓榆,等.不同利用方式下草地优势植物的生态化学计量特征[J].草业学报,2014,23(6):45-53.Xu Sha,Gong Jirui,Zhang Ziyu,et al.The ecological stoichiometry of dominant species in different land uses type of grassland[J].Acta Prataculturae Sinica,2014,23(6):45-53.
[12] 张建文,徐长林,杨海磊,等.高寒草甸冷季放牧对凋落物分解及C、N、P化学计量特征的影响[J].草业科学,2017,34(10):2009-2015.Zhang Jianwen,Xu Changlin,Yang Hailei,et al.Effect of grazing on chemical characteristics of litter in alpine grassland during the cold season[J].Pratacultural Science,2017,34(10):2009-2015.
[13] 李瑞新,刘庆福,李丹,等.锡林河流域退化羊草草原的生态化学计量学研究[J].中国草地学报,2018,40(2):75-80.Li Ruixin,Liu Qingfu,Li Dan,et al.Ecological Stoicheiometry of Degraded Le ymus chinensis Steppe in Xilin River Basin[J].Chinese Journal of Grassland,2018,40(2):75-80.
[14] 许雪贇,曹建军,杨淋,等.放牧与围封对青藏高原草地土壤和植物叶片化学计量学特征的影响[J].生态学杂志,2018,37(5):1349-1355.Xu Xueyun,Cao Jianjun,Yang Lin,et al.Effects of grazing and enclosure on foliar and soil stoichiometry of grassland on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau[J].Chinese Journal of Ecology,2018,37(5):1349-1355.
[15] 唐高溶,郑伟,王祥,等.喀纳斯景区山地草甸不同退化阶段群落共有种的生态化学计量特征研究[J].草业学报,2016,25(12):63-75.Tang Gaorong,Zheng Wei,Wang Xiang,et al.Ecological stoichiometry characteristics of common species in mountain meadows at different stages of degraded succession in the Kanas Scenic Area[J].Acta Prataculturae Sinica,2016,25(12):63-75.
[16] 张婷,翁月,姚凤娇,等.放牧强度对草甸植物小叶章及土壤化学计量比的影响[J].草业学报,2014,23(2):20-28.Zhang Ting,Weng Yue,Yao Fengjiao,et al.Effect of grazing intensity on ecological stoichiometry of Deyeuxia angustifolia and meadow soil[J].Acta Prataculturae Sinica,2014,23(2):20-28.
[17] 董晓玉,傅华,李旭东,等.放牧与围封对黄土高原典型草原植物生物量及其碳氮磷贮量的影响[J].草业学报,2010,19(2):175-182.Dong Xiaoyu,Fu Hua,Li Xudong,et al.Effects on plant biomass and CNP contents of plants in grazed and fenced steppe grasslands of the Loess Plateau[J].Acta Prataculturae Sinica,2010,19(2):175-182.
[18] Etienne Laliberté,Shipley B ,Norton D A ,et al.Which plant traits determine abundance under long-term shifts in soil resource availability and grazing intensity?[J].Journal of Ecology,2012,100(3):662-677.
[19] 黄小波,刘万德,苏建荣,等.云南普洱季风常绿阔叶林152种木本植物叶片C、N、P化学计量特征[J].生态学杂志,2016,35(3):567-575.Huang Xiaobo,Liu Wande,Su Jianrong,et al.Stoichiometry of leaf C,N and P across 152 woody species of a monsoon broad-leaved evergreen forest in Pu'er,Yunnan Province[J].Chinese Journal of Ecology,2016,35(3):567-575.
[20] Elser J J,Sterner R W,Gorokhova E,et al.Biological stoichiometry from genes to ecosystems[J].Ecology Letters,2010,3(6):540-550.
[21] Kerkhoff A,Enquist B,Elser J,et al.Plant allometry,stoichiometry and the temperature dependence of primary productivity[J].Global Ecology & Biogeography,2010,14(6):585-598
[22] 徐露燕,田大伦,王光军,等.湘潭锰矿栾树叶片和土壤N、P化学计量特征[J].生态学报,2014,34(9):2316-2322.Xu Luyan,Tian Dalun,Wang Guangjun,et al.N and P stoichiometry of Koelreuteria paniculata leaf and soil in Xiangtan Manganese Mine wasteland[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2014,34(9):2316-2322.
[23] 李从娟,徐新文,孙永强,等.不同生境下三种荒漠植物叶片及土壤C、N、P的化学计量特征[J].干旱区地理,2014,37(5):996-1004.Li Congjuan,Xu Xinwen,Sun Yongqiang,et al.Stoichiometric characteristics of C,N,P for three desert plants leaf and soil at different habitats[J].Arid Land Geography,2014,37(5):996-1004.
[24] 张良侠,樊江文,张文彦,等.内蒙古草地植物叶片氮、磷元素化学计量学特征分析[J].中国草地学报,2014,36(2):43-48.Zhang Liangxia,Fan Jiangwen,Zhang Wenyan,et al.Stoichiometry of Leaf Nitrogen and Phosphorus in Plants in Grasslands in Inner Mongolia[J].Chinese Journal of Grassland,2014,36(2):43-48.
[2] 方楷,宋乃平,魏乐,等.不同放牧制度对荒漠草原地上生物量及种间关系的影响[J].草业学报,2012,21(5):12-22.Fang kai,Song Naiping,Wei Le,et al.The effect of different grazing systems on aboveground biomass and interspecific relationships in desert steppe[J].Acta Prataculturae Sinica,2012,21(5):12-22.
[3] 初晓辉,谢勇,单贵莲,等.放牧和封育对青藏高原南缘亚高山草甸群落结构及物种多样性的影响[J].草地学报,2017,25(5):939-945.Chu Xiaohui,Xie Yong,Shan Guilian,et al.Effect of Management Patterns on Community Structure and Species Diversity of Subalpine Meadow of the Southern Margin of Tibetan Plateau[J].Acta Agrestia Sinica,2017,25(5):939-945.
[4] Mott K A,Gibson A C,O'Leary J W.The adaptive significance of amphistomatic leaves[J].Plant Cell & Environment,2010,5(6):455-460.
[5] 杨惠敏,王冬梅.草-环境系统植物碳氮磷生态化学计量学及其对环境因子的响应研究进展[J].草业学报,2011,20(2):244-252.Yang Huimin,Wang Dongmei.Advances in the study on ecological stoichiometry in grass-environment system and its response to environmental factors[J].Acta Prataculturae Sinica,2011,20(2):244-252.
[6] 罗艳,贡璐,朱美玲,等.塔里木河上游荒漠区4种灌木植物叶片与土壤生态化学计量特征[J].生态学报,2017,37(24):8326-8335.Luo Yan,Gong Lu,Zhu Meiling,et al.Stoichiometry characteristics of leaves and soil of four shrubs in the upper reaches of the Tarim River Desert[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2017,37(24):8326-8335.
[7] 闫玉春,唐海萍,辛晓平,等.围封对草地的影响研究进展[J].生态学报,2009,29(9):5039- 5046.Yan Yuchun,Tang Haiping,Xin Xiaoping,et al.Advances in research on the effects of exclosure on grasslands[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2009,29(9):5039-5046.
[8] 梁珠英,拉元林.贵南县不同退化草地物种多样性的研究[J].草业与畜牧,2013,(4):10-12.Liang Zhuying,La Yuanlin.Study on species diversity of different degraded grassland in Guinan county[J].Prataculture & Animal Husbandry,2013,(4):10-12.
[9] 鲍士旦.土壤农化分析[M].第3版.北京:中国农业出版社,2013:25-92.Bao Shidan.Soil Agricultural Chemical Analysis[M].3rd.Beijing:China Agricultural Press,2013:25-92.
[10] Tessier J T,Raynal D J.Use of nitrogen to phosphorus ratios in plant tissue as an indicator of nutrient limitation and nitrogen saturation[J].Journal of Applied Ecology,2010,40(3):523-534.
[11] 徐沙,龚吉蕊,张梓榆,等.不同利用方式下草地优势植物的生态化学计量特征[J].草业学报,2014,23(6):45-53.Xu Sha,Gong Jirui,Zhang Ziyu,et al.The ecological stoichiometry of dominant species in different land uses type of grassland[J].Acta Prataculturae Sinica,2014,23(6):45-53.
[12] 张建文,徐长林,杨海磊,等.高寒草甸冷季放牧对凋落物分解及C、N、P化学计量特征的影响[J].草业科学,2017,34(10):2009-2015.Zhang Jianwen,Xu Changlin,Yang Hailei,et al.Effect of grazing on chemical characteristics of litter in alpine grassland during the cold season[J].Pratacultural Science,2017,34(10):2009-2015.
[13] 李瑞新,刘庆福,李丹,等.锡林河流域退化羊草草原的生态化学计量学研究[J].中国草地学报,2018,40(2):75-80.Li Ruixin,Liu Qingfu,Li Dan,et al.Ecological Stoicheiometry of Degraded Le ymus chinensis Steppe in Xilin River Basin[J].Chinese Journal of Grassland,2018,40(2):75-80.
[14] 许雪贇,曹建军,杨淋,等.放牧与围封对青藏高原草地土壤和植物叶片化学计量学特征的影响[J].生态学杂志,2018,37(5):1349-1355.Xu Xueyun,Cao Jianjun,Yang Lin,et al.Effects of grazing and enclosure on foliar and soil stoichiometry of grassland on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau[J].Chinese Journal of Ecology,2018,37(5):1349-1355.
[15] 唐高溶,郑伟,王祥,等.喀纳斯景区山地草甸不同退化阶段群落共有种的生态化学计量特征研究[J].草业学报,2016,25(12):63-75.Tang Gaorong,Zheng Wei,Wang Xiang,et al.Ecological stoichiometry characteristics of common species in mountain meadows at different stages of degraded succession in the Kanas Scenic Area[J].Acta Prataculturae Sinica,2016,25(12):63-75.
[16] 张婷,翁月,姚凤娇,等.放牧强度对草甸植物小叶章及土壤化学计量比的影响[J].草业学报,2014,23(2):20-28.Zhang Ting,Weng Yue,Yao Fengjiao,et al.Effect of grazing intensity on ecological stoichiometry of Deyeuxia angustifolia and meadow soil[J].Acta Prataculturae Sinica,2014,23(2):20-28.
[17] 董晓玉,傅华,李旭东,等.放牧与围封对黄土高原典型草原植物生物量及其碳氮磷贮量的影响[J].草业学报,2010,19(2):175-182.Dong Xiaoyu,Fu Hua,Li Xudong,et al.Effects on plant biomass and CNP contents of plants in grazed and fenced steppe grasslands of the Loess Plateau[J].Acta Prataculturae Sinica,2010,19(2):175-182.
[18] Etienne Laliberté,Shipley B ,Norton D A ,et al.Which plant traits determine abundance under long-term shifts in soil resource availability and grazing intensity?[J].Journal of Ecology,2012,100(3):662-677.
[19] 黄小波,刘万德,苏建荣,等.云南普洱季风常绿阔叶林152种木本植物叶片C、N、P化学计量特征[J].生态学杂志,2016,35(3):567-575.Huang Xiaobo,Liu Wande,Su Jianrong,et al.Stoichiometry of leaf C,N and P across 152 woody species of a monsoon broad-leaved evergreen forest in Pu'er,Yunnan Province[J].Chinese Journal of Ecology,2016,35(3):567-575.
[20] Elser J J,Sterner R W,Gorokhova E,et al.Biological stoichiometry from genes to ecosystems[J].Ecology Letters,2010,3(6):540-550.
[21] Kerkhoff A,Enquist B,Elser J,et al.Plant allometry,stoichiometry and the temperature dependence of primary productivity[J].Global Ecology & Biogeography,2010,14(6):585-598
[22] 徐露燕,田大伦,王光军,等.湘潭锰矿栾树叶片和土壤N、P化学计量特征[J].生态学报,2014,34(9):2316-2322.Xu Luyan,Tian Dalun,Wang Guangjun,et al.N and P stoichiometry of Koelreuteria paniculata leaf and soil in Xiangtan Manganese Mine wasteland[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2014,34(9):2316-2322.
[23] 李从娟,徐新文,孙永强,等.不同生境下三种荒漠植物叶片及土壤C、N、P的化学计量特征[J].干旱区地理,2014,37(5):996-1004.Li Congjuan,Xu Xinwen,Sun Yongqiang,et al.Stoichiometric characteristics of C,N,P for three desert plants leaf and soil at different habitats[J].Arid Land Geography,2014,37(5):996-1004.
[24] 张良侠,樊江文,张文彦,等.内蒙古草地植物叶片氮、磷元素化学计量学特征分析[J].中国草地学报,2014,36(2):43-48.Zhang Liangxia,Fan Jiangwen,Zhang Wenyan,et al.Stoichiometry of Leaf Nitrogen and Phosphorus in Plants in Grasslands in Inner Mongolia[J].Chinese Journal of Grassland,2014,36(2):43-48.