超强El Ni■o事件的多样性及其对东亚夏季风降水的影响
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摘要
利用1979—2017年美国国家海洋和大气管理局(NOAA)重建海温逐月资料(ERSST V5)、气候预报中心(CPC)的Ni■o3.4指数、NCEP/NCAR再分析风场资料以及CMAP降水资料,将1979—2017年Ni■o3.4指数超过2℃的El Ni■o事件,定义为超强El Ni■o事件。根据超强El Ni■o事件的定义,从近40年(1979—2017年)选取出三个超强El Ni■o事件(1982—1983年、1997—1998年和2015—2016年)。首先运用海温距平资料,分析超强El Ni■o事件的多样性特征,然后根据这三个超强El Ni■o事件发生年与次年的夏季降水距平,讨论东亚夏季风降水对超强El Ni■o事件多样性的响应差异。研究表明,即使是同为超强的El Ni■o事件,由于其不同的分布特征,东亚夏季风降水的响应场表现出明显的不同。在此基础上,从环流异常、850 hPa风场异常以及副高的变化等方面讨论了这两者之间的联系。
The monthly SST V5 data of NOAA, CPC Nino3.4 index, monthly mean data from NCEP/NCAR reanalysis and CMAP precipitation data from 1979 to 2017 were used. The El Ni■o event, which has a Ni■o3.4 index over 2 ℃ in 1979—2017, is defined as a super El Ni■o event. According to the definition of the super El Ni■o event, three super El Ni■o events(1982—1983, 1997—1998 and 2015—2016) were selected from the past 39 years(1979—2017). First, the SST anomaly data is used to analyze the diversity characteristics of the super El Ni■o events. Then, based on the summer precipitation anomalies between the three super El Ni■o events and the following year, the differences in the response of East Asian summer monsoon precipitation to the super El Ni■o event diversity are discussed. Studies have shown that even in the same El Ni■o event, the response fields of East Asian summer monsoon precipitation show significant differences due to their different distribution characteristics. On this basis, the relationship between the two is discussed from the aspects of circulation anomaly, 850 hPa wind field anomaly and subtropical high.
The monthly SST V5 data of NOAA, CPC Nino3.4 index, monthly mean data from NCEP/NCAR reanalysis and CMAP precipitation data from 1979 to 2017 were used. The El Ni■o event, which has a Ni■o3.4 index over 2 ℃ in 1979—2017, is defined as a super El Ni■o event. According to the definition of the super El Ni■o event, three super El Ni■o events(1982—1983, 1997—1998 and 2015—2016) were selected from the past 39 years(1979—2017). First, the SST anomaly data is used to analyze the diversity characteristics of the super El Ni■o events. Then, based on the summer precipitation anomalies between the three super El Ni■o events and the following year, the differences in the response of East Asian summer monsoon precipitation to the super El Ni■o event diversity are discussed. Studies have shown that even in the same El Ni■o event, the response fields of East Asian summer monsoon precipitation show significant differences due to their different distribution characteristics. On this basis, the relationship between the two is discussed from the aspects of circulation anomaly, 850 hPa wind field anomaly and subtropical high.
引文
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[22]臧增亮,包军,赵建宇,等. ENSO对东亚夏季风和我国夏季降水的影响研究进展[J].解放军理工大学(自然科学版),2005,6(4):394-398.
[23]符淙斌,滕星林.我国夏季的气候异常与埃尔尼诺/南方涛动现象的关系[J].大气科学,1988,12(s1):133-141.
[24]陈桂英,张培群,许力. 1999年夏季中国降水南多北少成因初探[J].气候与环境研究, 2001, 6(3):312-320.
[25]丁一汇. 2014—2016年超强El Ni觡o事件的发生发展过程与机理分析[J].大气科学学报,2016,39(6):722-734.
[26]王悦,管兆勇,方陆俊,等.夏季海洋性大陆区域气候与赤道太平洋中部型海温异常的直接和间接联系[J].气象学报,2017,75(4):552-563.
[27] QIAN D L, GUAN Z Y, TANG W Y. Joint impacts of SSTA in tropical Pacific and Indian Oceans on variations of the WPSH[J].J Meteor Res, 2018,32(4):548-559, doi:10.1007/s13351-018-7172-0.
[28]钱代丽,管兆勇.超强与普通厄尔尼诺海-气特征差异及对西太平洋副热带高压的不同影响[J].气象学报,2018,76(3):394-407.
[2]张静,李跃清,蒋兴文.东亚冬季风的时空变化及其与ENSO、AO相互关系的研究进展[J].高原山地气象研究,2012,32(3):89-96.
[3]何溪澄,丁一汇,何金海,等.东亚冬季风对ENSO事件的响应特征[J].大气科学,2008,32(2):335-344.
[4]黄荣辉,陈文,丁一汇,等.关于季风动力学以及季风与ENSO循环相互作用的研究[J].大气科学,2003,27(4):484-502.
[5]黄荣辉,傅云飞,臧晓云.亚洲季风与ENSO循环的相互作用[J].气候与环境研究,1996,1(1):38-54.
[6]朱乾根,徐建军. ENSO及其年代际异常对中国东部气候异常影响的观测分析[J].南京气象学院学报,1998,21(4):615-623.
[7]张键,李长青. ENSO事件对中国东部降水的影响研究[J].首都师范大学学报(自然科学版),2002,23(4):72-78.
[8]李春晖,李霞,刘燕,等.春季和夏季爆发型ENSO事件对夏季中国降水的影响[J].气候与环境研究,2016,21(3):258-268.
[9] HUANG R, WU Y. The influence of ENSO on the summer climate change in China and its mechanism[J]. Adv Atmos Sci, 1989, 6(1):21-32.
[10]刘永强,丁一汇. ENSO事件对我国季节降水和温度的影响[J].大气科学,1995,19(2):200-208.
[11] ZHANG R, SUMI A, KIMOTO M. A diagnostic study of the impact of El Ni觡o on the precipitation in China[J]. Adv Atmos Sci, 1999, 16(2):229-241.
[12] ZHANG R, SUMI A. Moisture Circulation over East Asia during El Ni觡o Episode in Northern winter, spring and autumn[J]. J Meteor Soc Japan, 2002, 80(2):213-227.
[13]符淙斌,弗莱彻J.“埃尔尼诺”(El Ni觡o)时期赤道增暖的两种类型[J].科学通报, 1985, 30(8):596-596.
[14] XU J, CHAN J C L. The Role of the Asian-Australian Monsoon System in the Onset Time of El Ni觡o Events.[J]. J Climate, 2001, 14(14):418-433.
[15] ASHOK K, BEHERA S K, RAO S A, et al. El Ni觡o Modoki and its teleconnection[J]. J Geophys Res Atmos, 2007, 112(C11):C11007.
[16] LARKIN N K, HARRISON D E. Global seasonal temperature and precipitation anomalies during El Ni觡o autumn and winter[J]. Geophys Res Lett, 2005, 32(16):3 613-3 619.
[17] GEN L I, REN B H, YANG C Y, et al. Traditional El Ni觡o and El Ni觡o modoki revisited:Is El Ni觡o Modoki linearly independent of traditional El Ni觡o?[J]. Atmos Ocean Sci Lett, 2010, 3(2):70-74.
[18] KAO H Y, YU J Y. Contrasting Eastern-Pacific and Central-Pacific types of ENSO[J]. J Climate, 2009, 22(3):615-632.
[19]徐霈强,冯娟,陈文. ENSO冷暖位相影响东亚冬季风与东亚夏季风联系的非对称性[J].大气科学,2016,40(4):831-840.
[20]赵亮,邹力,王成林,等. ENSO年东亚夏季风异常对中国江、淮流域夏季降水的影响[J].热带气象学报,2006,22(4):360-366.
[21]薛峰,刘长征.中等强度ENSO对中国东部夏季降水的影响及其与强ENSO的对比分析[J].科学通报,2007,52(23):2 798-2 805.
[22]臧增亮,包军,赵建宇,等. ENSO对东亚夏季风和我国夏季降水的影响研究进展[J].解放军理工大学(自然科学版),2005,6(4):394-398.
[23]符淙斌,滕星林.我国夏季的气候异常与埃尔尼诺/南方涛动现象的关系[J].大气科学,1988,12(s1):133-141.
[24]陈桂英,张培群,许力. 1999年夏季中国降水南多北少成因初探[J].气候与环境研究, 2001, 6(3):312-320.
[25]丁一汇. 2014—2016年超强El Ni觡o事件的发生发展过程与机理分析[J].大气科学学报,2016,39(6):722-734.
[26]王悦,管兆勇,方陆俊,等.夏季海洋性大陆区域气候与赤道太平洋中部型海温异常的直接和间接联系[J].气象学报,2017,75(4):552-563.
[27] QIAN D L, GUAN Z Y, TANG W Y. Joint impacts of SSTA in tropical Pacific and Indian Oceans on variations of the WPSH[J].J Meteor Res, 2018,32(4):548-559, doi:10.1007/s13351-018-7172-0.
[28]钱代丽,管兆勇.超强与普通厄尔尼诺海-气特征差异及对西太平洋副热带高压的不同影响[J].气象学报,2018,76(3):394-407.