乡村生活空间网络结构特征与优化——以江汉平原典型乡建片区为例
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摘要
乡村生活空间网络是一定地域乡村居民依托社区节点,通过日常生活实践彼此联系而形成的社会空间系统,探究其空间结构与优化策略对认识乡村生活空间内涵、重塑乡村日常生活秩序具有重要意义。以江汉平原典型乡建片区培育的9个节点社区为研究对象,基于乡村生活空间网络三元系统,构建社区生活质量指标体系,运用改进引力模型与社会网络分析法描述网络结构总体与节点特征,提出乡村生活空间网络优化策略。研究表明:区域乡村生活空间网络结构处于发育阶段,网络兼具整体松散与局部集聚特征,社区间联系正在加强;乡村生活空间网络节点质量有待提升,网络呈现层次清晰的3级节点体系,核心节点虽具有无法替代的网络地位但本身质量不高,次级节点的结构具有相似性需要择优培育,边缘节点需要丰富网络内外联系;基于此,必须构建"1心、8点、1轴、3区"的乡村生活空间网络结构。为评估并识别区域网络节点特征,预测并构建区域网络化发展体系提供了新思路,为平原农区的乡建片区提供了网络化发展的新模式。
The rural living space network is a social space system formed by rural residents in a certain area relying on the community node space and through the practice of daily life. Exploring its spatial structure and optimization strategy is important for understanding the connotation of rural living space and reshaping the daily life order of the village. Taking the nine community nodes cultivated in the typical rural construction area of Jianghan Plain as the research object, based on the ternary system of rural living space network, the community life quality index system is constructed, and the improved gravitation model and social network analysis method are used to describe the overall characteristics and node characteristics of the network structure, and propose a rural living space network optimization strategy. The results show that the network structure of regional rural living space is at the development stage, the network has both overall loose and local agglomeration characteristics, and the relationship between communities is strengthening. The quality of rural living space network nodes needs to be improved, and the network presents a hierarchical 3-level node system with core nodes. Although it has an irreplaceable network status, its quality needs to be improved. The structure of secondary nodes often has similarity and needs to be cultivated preferentially. The edge nodes need to enrich the internal and external connections of the network. Based on this, it is necessary to construct a rural living space network structure of "one heart, eight nodes, one axis, there areas"(community seven plays the role of "one heart" and is the growth pole of the district; "eight nodes" is the three development communities and five basic communities, which are the key nodes of the rural living space network structure; "one axis" is The development axis in the north-south direction connects the main community nodes; the "three areas" is the core area, development area and cultivation area of the optimized living space). In order to evaluate and identify the characteristics of regional network nodes, predicting and constructing a regional networked development system provides new ideas and provides a new model for network development in the rural areas of plain agricultural areas.
The rural living space network is a social space system formed by rural residents in a certain area relying on the community node space and through the practice of daily life. Exploring its spatial structure and optimization strategy is important for understanding the connotation of rural living space and reshaping the daily life order of the village. Taking the nine community nodes cultivated in the typical rural construction area of Jianghan Plain as the research object, based on the ternary system of rural living space network, the community life quality index system is constructed, and the improved gravitation model and social network analysis method are used to describe the overall characteristics and node characteristics of the network structure, and propose a rural living space network optimization strategy. The results show that the network structure of regional rural living space is at the development stage, the network has both overall loose and local agglomeration characteristics, and the relationship between communities is strengthening. The quality of rural living space network nodes needs to be improved, and the network presents a hierarchical 3-level node system with core nodes. Although it has an irreplaceable network status, its quality needs to be improved. The structure of secondary nodes often has similarity and needs to be cultivated preferentially. The edge nodes need to enrich the internal and external connections of the network. Based on this, it is necessary to construct a rural living space network structure of "one heart, eight nodes, one axis, there areas"(community seven plays the role of "one heart" and is the growth pole of the district; "eight nodes" is the three development communities and five basic communities, which are the key nodes of the rural living space network structure; "one axis" is The development axis in the north-south direction connects the main community nodes; the "three areas" is the core area, development area and cultivation area of the optimized living space). In order to evaluate and identify the characteristics of regional network nodes, predicting and constructing a regional networked development system provides new ideas and provides a new model for network development in the rural areas of plain agricultural areas.
引文
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[2] 余斌,卢燕,曾菊新等.乡村生活空间研究进展及展望[J].地理科学,2017,37(03):375-385.YU B,LU Y,ZENG J X,et al.Progress and prospect on rural living space[J].Scientia Geographica Sinica,2017,37(03):375-385.
[3] Woods M.Rural[M].New York:Routledge,2011.
[4] 陈晓华,华波,周显祥等.中国乡村社区地理学研究概述[J].安徽农业科学,2005,33(4):559-561.CHEN X H,HUA B,ZHOU X X,et al.Review of geography of the rural community in China[J].Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences,2005,33(4):559-561.
[5] 龙花楼,屠爽爽.乡村重构的理论认知[J].地理科学进展,2018,37(5):581-590.LONG H L,TU S S.Theoretical thinking of rural restructuring[J].Progress in Geography,2018,37(5):581-590.
[6] 杨忍,陈燕纯.中国乡村地理学研究的主要热点演化及展望[J].地理科学进展,2018,37(5):601-616.YANG R,CHEN Y C.Change in key research area and prospect of Chinese rural geography[J].Progress in Geography,2018,37(5):601-616.
[7] 李伯华,曾菊新,胡娟.乡村人居环境研究进展与展望[J].地理与地理信息科学,2008,24(05):70-74.LI B H,ZENG J X,HU J.Progress and prospects on the research of rural human settlement environment[J].Geography and Geo-Information Science,2008,24(05):70-74.
[8] 乔家君.乡村社区空间界面理论研究[J].经济地理,2012,32(5):107-112.QIAO J J.Study on the spatial interface theory of rural community[J].Economic Geography,2012,32(5):107-112.
[9] 余斌.城市化进程中的乡村住区系统演变与人居环境优化研究[D].武汉:华中师范大学,2007.YU B.Study on the evolution of rural settlement system and optimization of rural inhabitable environment in the process of urbanization[D].Wuhan:Central China Normal University,2007.
[10] 赵振斌,褚玉杰,郝亭,等.汉长安城遗址乡村社区意义空间构成[J].地理学报,2015,70(10):1606-1621.ZHAO Z B,CHU Y J,HAO T,et al.Meaning space structure of rural community in Han Chang'an City Historical Site[J].Acta Geographica Sinica,2015,70(10):1606-1621.
[11] 冯健,张小林.苏南小城镇发展与现代乡村社区变迁研究[J].地理科学进展,1999,18(3):222-229.FENG J,ZHANG X L.A Research on development of township and changes of modern rural community of southern Jiangsu Province[J].Progress in Geography,1999,18(3):222-229.
[12] 王勇,李广斌.基于“时空分离”的苏南乡村空间转型及其风险[J].国际城市规划,2012,27(1):57-61.WANG Y,LI G B.Rural spatial transformation and its risk based upon“separation of time and space”theory in Southern Jiangsu Province[J].Urban Planning International,2012,27(1):57-61.
[13] 王丰龙,刘云刚.空间的生产研究综述与展望[J].人文地理,2011,26(2):13-19,30.WANG F L,LIU Y G.A review of researches on the production of space[J].Human Geography,2011,26(2):13-19,30.
[14] 刘宣,王小依.行动者网络理论在人文地理领域应用研究述评[J].地理科学进展,2013,32(7):1139-1147.LIU X,WANG X Y.A review on the application of actor network theory to human geography[J].Progress in Geography,2013,32(7):1139-1147.
[15] 刘军.关系:一种新的分析单位[J].社会,2005,25(5):188-202.LIU J.Relational ties:A new unit of analysis[J].Society,2005,25(5):188-202.
[16] 杜相佐,王成,蒋文虹,等.基于引力模型的村域农村居民点空间重构研究——以整村推进示范村重庆市合川区大柱村为例[J].经济地理,2015,35(12):154-160.DU X Z,WANG C,JIANG W H,et al.Rural settlements restructuring based on analysis of the gravity model at village level:The case of Dazhu Village,Chongqing,China[J].Economic Geography,2015,35(12):154-160.
[17] 覃永晖,王晶,韩乐.网络形镇村体系引力强度分析与实证[J].地域研究与开发,2014,33(3):79-84.QIN Y H,WANG J,HAN L.Analysis and demonstration of the gravitational strength of network-shaped town-and-village system[J].Areal Research and Development,2014,33(3):79-84.
[18] 邹晴晴,王勇,李广斌.基于SNA的新型集中社区公共空间网络结构优化[J].地理科学进展,2016,35(7):829-838.ZOU Q Q,WANG Y,LI G B.Network structure optimization of public space in new concentrated communities based on SNA[J].Progress in Geography,2016,35(7):829-838.
[19] 宿瑞,王成,唐宁,等.区域镇村社区空间网络结构特征及其优化策略[J].地理科学进展,2018,37(5):688-697.SU R,WANG C,TANG N,et al.Structural characteristics and optimization strategies of the spatial network of village and town communities[J].Progress in Geography,2018,37(5):688-697.
[20] 刘军.社会网络分析导论[M].北京:社会科学文献出版,2004.LIU J.An introduction to social network analysis[M].Beijing:Social Sciences Academic Press,2004.
[21] 郑文升,姜玉培,卓蓉蓉等.安徽省县际经济联系网络结构演变及影响因素[J].地理科学,2016,36(2):265-273.ZHENG W S,JIANG Y P,ZHUO R R,et al.Evolution and influencing factors of the structure of economic linkage network at county level in Anhui Province[J].Scientia Geographica Sinica,2016,36(2):265-273.
[22] 惠怡安,和钟,马恩朴,等.基于社会网络的黄土丘陵沟壑区镇村体系认识——以延安市延长县安沟乡为例[J].人文地理,2014,29(1):108-112.HUI Y A,HE Z,MA E P,et al.Study on the town-and-village system based on interpersonal contact in loess hilly-gully region:A case study in Angou Town,Yanchang County,Yan’an[J].Human Geography,2014,29(1):108-112.