北美典型气候区建筑围护结构HM模拟及分析
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摘要
为明确气候参数、材料参数对建筑围护结构模拟结果的影响,以及热湿耦合传递模型(HM)和被普遍采用的Glaser模型之间的差异,在热湿过程模拟软件WUFI Plus中选择北美典型气候区的20个代表城市,设置15组外墙构件,进行空间单元HVAC需求、室内热湿环境和外墙热湿性能的全年模拟.模拟结果与室外气候参数进行相关性分析,表明室外气温、太阳辐射、相对湿度和风驱雨不同程度地影响相关结果.通过材料参数控制所得2组HM和3组Glaser模型的对比,表明液态水相关参数、含湿量引起的材料参数的变物性取值对模拟结果有显著影响.北美典型气候区HM模拟对我国建筑围护结构热湿过程相关的气候参数、材料参数和评估方法的研究具有借鉴意义.
To determine the impact of climate data and material parameter on building envelope simulation results,and to investigate the difference between coupled heat and moisture transfer model(HM model)and the widely used Glaser model,15 groups of exterior walls were constructed in WUFI Plus with 20 representative cities of the North America typical climate zones as external conditions,and simulated for the annual HVAC demand,indoor hygrothermal environment and the exterior walls hygrothermal performance. Correlation analyses between the simulation results and the climate parameters showed that the exterior air temperature,solar radiation,relative humidity and drying rain affected the related simulation results to varying degrees. Comparison among the 2 HM and 3 Glaser model groups distinguished with specific material parameters,showed that liquid water dependent parameters,variation of moisture content dependent heat and moisture transport properties had significant influence on the simulation results. The HM model simulation in North America typical climate zones could contribute implications to the studies on climate data,material parameters and evaluation methods for the heat and moisture process in building envelope.
To determine the impact of climate data and material parameter on building envelope simulation results,and to investigate the difference between coupled heat and moisture transfer model(HM model)and the widely used Glaser model,15 groups of exterior walls were constructed in WUFI Plus with 20 representative cities of the North America typical climate zones as external conditions,and simulated for the annual HVAC demand,indoor hygrothermal environment and the exterior walls hygrothermal performance. Correlation analyses between the simulation results and the climate parameters showed that the exterior air temperature,solar radiation,relative humidity and drying rain affected the related simulation results to varying degrees. Comparison among the 2 HM and 3 Glaser model groups distinguished with specific material parameters,showed that liquid water dependent parameters,variation of moisture content dependent heat and moisture transport properties had significant influence on the simulation results. The HM model simulation in North America typical climate zones could contribute implications to the studies on climate data,material parameters and evaluation methods for the heat and moisture process in building envelope.
引文
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[21]刘向伟,陈国杰,陈友明.墙体热、湿及空气耦合传递非稳态模型及验证[J].湖南大学学报(自然科学版),2016,43(1):152—156.LIU X W,CHEN G J,CHEN Y M. Modeling of the transient heat,air and moisture transfer in building walls[J].Journal of Hunan University(Natural Sciences),2016,43(1):152—156.(In Chinese)
[22] LIU X W,CHEN Y M,GE H.Numerical investigation for thermal performance of exterior walls of residential buildings with moisture transfer in hot summer and cold winter zone of China[J].Energy and Buildings,2015(93):259—268.
[23]LIU X W,CHEN Y M,GE H.Determination of optimum insulation thickness for building walls with moisture transfer in hot summer and cold winter zone of China[J].Energy and Buildings,2015(109):361—368.
[24]王莹莹.围护结构湿迁移对室内热环境及空调负荷影响关系研究[D].西安:西安建筑科技大学环境与市政工程学院,2013:26—42.WANG Y Y.Research on the effect of the palisade structure moisture transfer on the indoor thermal environment and airconditioning load[D]. Xi′an:School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi′an University of Architecture and Technology,2013:26—42.(In Chinese)
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[26]郑茂余,孔凡红,韩宗伟.新建建筑外保温围护结构热质耦合传递[J].哈尔滨工业大学学报,2009,41(4):118—122.ZHENG M Y,KONG F H,HAN Z W.Simulations on heat and mass coupling transfer in exterior insulated envelope of new building[J]. Journal of Harbin Institute of Technology,2009,41(4):118—122.(In Chinese)
[27]张华玲,刘朝,刘方,等.地下洞室多孔墙体热湿传递的数值模拟[J].暖通空调,2006,36(12):9—13.ZHANG H L,LIU C,LIU F,et al.Numerical simulation of heat and moisture transfer in porous wall in underground caves[J].Heating Ventilating&Air Conditioning,2006,36(12):9—13.(In Chinese)
[28]王倩,李念平,曾德军,等.竹材组合墙体构件热湿耦合迁移特性[J].科技导报,2010,28(17):87—90.WANG Q,LI N P,ZENG D J,et al. Coupled heat and moisture transfer in bamboo composite wall[J].Science&Technology Review,2010,28(17):87—90.(In Chinese)
[29]VAN BELLEGHEM M,STEEMAN H J,STEEMAN M,et al.Sensitivity analysis of CFD coupled non-isothermal heat and moisture modelling[J].Building and Environment,2010,45(11):2485—2496.
[30] KNZEL H M. Verfahren zur ein-und zweidimensionalen berechnung des gekoppelten w覿rme-und feuchtetransports in bauteilen mit einfachen kennwerten[D]. Stuttgart:Lehrstuhl für Konstruktive Bauphysik,Dissertation Universit覿t Stuttgart,1994:40—58.
[2] MENDES N,WINKELMANN F C,LAMBERTS R,et al. Moisture effects on conduction loads[J].Energy and Buildings,2003,35(7):631—644.
[3] ZHANG H,YOSHINO H,HASEGAWA K.Assessing the moisture buffering performance of hygroscopic material by using experimental method[J].Building and Environment,2012,48:27—34.
[4] ABUKU M,JANSSEN H,ROELS S.Impact of wind-driven rain on historic brick wall buildings in a moderately cold and humid climate:Numerical analyses of mould growth risk,indoor climate and energy consumption[J]. Energy and Buildings,2009,41(1):101—110.
[5] GLASER H.Graphical method for investigation of diffusional process[J].Kalteteohnik,1959,39(5):519—550.
[6] GB 50176-93/2016民用建筑热工设计规范[S].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2016:33—37.GB 50176-93/2016. Thermal design code for civil building[S].Beijing:China Architecture&Building Press,2016:33—37.(In Chinese)
[7] LUIKOV A V.Systems of differential equations of heat and mass transfer in capillary-porous bodies(review)[J].International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer,1975,18(6):1—14.
[8] MOLENDA C H A,CRAUSSE P,LEMARCHAND D.The influence of capillary hysteresis effects on the humidity and heat coupled transfer in a non-saturated porous medium[J].International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer,1992,35(6):1385—1396.
[9] PEDERSEN C R. Prediction of moisture transfer in building constructions[J]. Building and Environment,1992,27(3):387—397.
[10] K譈NZEL H M. Simultaneous heat and moisture transport in building components[R]. Fraunhofer IRB Verlag Suttgart,1995:38—46.
[11] H魧UPL P,GRUNEWALD J,FECHNER H,et al. Coupled heat air and moisture transfer in building structures[J]. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer,1997,40(7):1633—1642.
[12] JANSSEN H, BLOCKEN B, CARMELIET J. Conservative modelling of the moisture and heat transfer in building components under atmospheric excitation[J].International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer,2007,50(5/6):1128—1140.
[13]MENDES N,PHILIPPI P C. A method for predicting heat and moisture transfer through multilayered walls based on temperature and moisture content gradients[J]. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer,2005,48(1):37—51.
[14]STEEMAN H J,VAN BELLEGHEM M,JANSSENS A,et al.Coupled simulation of heat and moisture transport in air and porous materials for the assessment of moisture related damage[J]. Building and Environment,2009,44(10):2176—2184.
[15]TARIKU F,KUMARAN K,FAZIO P. Transient model for coupled heat,air and moisture transfer through multilayered porous media[J]. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer,2010,53(15/16):3035—3044.
[16]KUMARAN M K. IEA Annex 24:heat,air and moisture transfer in insulated envelope parts. Final Report,Volume 3,Task 3:Material properties[R]. Brussels:Laboratory of Building Physics,Civil Engineering Department,KU Leuven,Beligum,1996:14—132.
[17]WOLOSZYN M,RODE C. IEA Annex 41:Whole building heat,air, moisture response. Subtask 1:Modeling principles and common exercises[R].La Rochelle:International Energy Agency,Executive committee on Energy Conservation in Buildings and Community Systems,2008:136—239.
[18]陈友明,邓永强,郭兴国,等.建筑围护结构热湿耦合传递特性实验研究与分析[J].湖南大学学报(自然科学版),2010,37(4):11—16.CHEN Y M,DENG Y Q,GUO X G,et al. Experimental study of coupled heat and moisture transfer performance through building envelope[J]. Journal of Hunan University(Natural Sciences),2010,37(4):11—16.(In Chinese)
[19]郭兴国.热湿气候地区多层墙体热湿耦合迁移特性研究[D].长沙:湖南大学土木工程学院,2010:18—44.GUO X G.Research on coupled heat and moisture transfer characteristics of multilayer walls in hot and humid climate[D].Changsha:College of Civil Engineering, Hunan University,2010:18—44.(In Chinese)
[20]刘向伟.夏热冬冷地区建筑墙体热、空气、湿耦合迁移特性研究[D].长沙:湖南大学土木工程学院,2015:18—82.LIU X W. Investigation of the coupled heat,air and moisture transport in building walls in hot summer and cold winter zone[D].Changsha:College of Civil Engineering,Hunan University,2015:18—82.(In Chinese)
[21]刘向伟,陈国杰,陈友明.墙体热、湿及空气耦合传递非稳态模型及验证[J].湖南大学学报(自然科学版),2016,43(1):152—156.LIU X W,CHEN G J,CHEN Y M. Modeling of the transient heat,air and moisture transfer in building walls[J].Journal of Hunan University(Natural Sciences),2016,43(1):152—156.(In Chinese)
[22] LIU X W,CHEN Y M,GE H.Numerical investigation for thermal performance of exterior walls of residential buildings with moisture transfer in hot summer and cold winter zone of China[J].Energy and Buildings,2015(93):259—268.
[23]LIU X W,CHEN Y M,GE H.Determination of optimum insulation thickness for building walls with moisture transfer in hot summer and cold winter zone of China[J].Energy and Buildings,2015(109):361—368.
[24]王莹莹.围护结构湿迁移对室内热环境及空调负荷影响关系研究[D].西安:西安建筑科技大学环境与市政工程学院,2013:26—42.WANG Y Y.Research on the effect of the palisade structure moisture transfer on the indoor thermal environment and airconditioning load[D]. Xi′an:School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi′an University of Architecture and Technology,2013:26—42.(In Chinese)
[25]孔凡红,郑茂余,韩宗伟,等.新建建筑围护结构热质传递对室内温湿度环境的影响[J].建筑科学,2008,24(8):94-97.KONG F H,ZHENG M Y, HAN Z W,et al. Influences of envelope heat and moisture transfer of new building on indoor temperature and humidity[J].Building Science,2008,24(8):94—97.(In Chinese)
[26]郑茂余,孔凡红,韩宗伟.新建建筑外保温围护结构热质耦合传递[J].哈尔滨工业大学学报,2009,41(4):118—122.ZHENG M Y,KONG F H,HAN Z W.Simulations on heat and mass coupling transfer in exterior insulated envelope of new building[J]. Journal of Harbin Institute of Technology,2009,41(4):118—122.(In Chinese)
[27]张华玲,刘朝,刘方,等.地下洞室多孔墙体热湿传递的数值模拟[J].暖通空调,2006,36(12):9—13.ZHANG H L,LIU C,LIU F,et al.Numerical simulation of heat and moisture transfer in porous wall in underground caves[J].Heating Ventilating&Air Conditioning,2006,36(12):9—13.(In Chinese)
[28]王倩,李念平,曾德军,等.竹材组合墙体构件热湿耦合迁移特性[J].科技导报,2010,28(17):87—90.WANG Q,LI N P,ZENG D J,et al. Coupled heat and moisture transfer in bamboo composite wall[J].Science&Technology Review,2010,28(17):87—90.(In Chinese)
[29]VAN BELLEGHEM M,STEEMAN H J,STEEMAN M,et al.Sensitivity analysis of CFD coupled non-isothermal heat and moisture modelling[J].Building and Environment,2010,45(11):2485—2496.
[30] KNZEL H M. Verfahren zur ein-und zweidimensionalen berechnung des gekoppelten w覿rme-und feuchtetransports in bauteilen mit einfachen kennwerten[D]. Stuttgart:Lehrstuhl für Konstruktive Bauphysik,Dissertation Universit覿t Stuttgart,1994:40—58.