鄂尔多斯盆地基底结构及早期沉积盖层演化
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摘要
鄂尔多斯盆地基底主要形成于太古宙—古元古代,岩石组成极为复杂,大多经历了较强的区域变质作用,变质程度一般达到了(高)角闪岩相—麻粒岩相,属变质程度较深的区域变质岩系,主要是各种片岩、片麻岩及变粒岩、石英岩、大理石及花岗片麻岩等;基底结构具有较为明显的分区特征,可划分为北部、西北部及中南部三个大区,走向总体以北东向为主;从演化过程来看,鄂尔多斯盆地基底是华北克拉通形成过程中的太古宙微陆块之一,古元古代末可能是其与华北拼合为一体的关键时期。早期沉积盖层主要经历了长城纪陆内裂陷、蓟县纪边部沉降、青白口纪—南华纪整体隆升和震旦纪边缘拗陷4个演化阶段,沉积环境总体以海相为主,晚期局部具陆相特征,不同时期的沉积物特征有较大差异,可能主要受构造、气候环境的共同制约;早期沉积盖层整体上受基底结构和构造控制明显,越早期影响越大;盆地西南边缘一直是最活跃的构造沉降区,基底构造所处位置特殊可能是其最主要的原因。
The basement of the Ordos Basin is mainly formed in the Archaen-Paleoproterozoic Era when strong regional metamorphism eventually developed its exceptionally complex petrographic composition.Metamorphism generally reached the(high)amphibolite-granulite-facies highly metamorphosed regional metamorphic rocks which consist largely of schist,gneiss,granulite,quartzite,marble and ranitic gneiss.The basement structure shows obvious partitioning features and can be divided into the north,northwest and central-south regions.The overall regional strike is northeast to the main.From an evolutionary perspective,the basement of the Ordos Basin is one of the Archean microcontinent blocks that formed the North China Craton,where its integration with North China likely occurred in the late Paleoproterozoic Era.The early sedimentary cover mainly experienced four stages of evolution:inland depression of the Changcheng Period,edge sedimentation of the Jixian Period,integral uplift of the Qingbaikou-Nanhua Period,and edge depression of the Sinian Period.The sedimentary environment is mostly marine facies exhibiting continental characteristics in localized areas in the later period.The characteristics of sediment are significantly different for different periods,primarily due to both tectonic and climate constraints.The early sedimentary cover is obviously influenced by basement and tectonic structures,with earlier period experiencing greater influence.The special location of the basement may be the main reason that the most active depression area is at the southwest edge of the basin.
The basement of the Ordos Basin is mainly formed in the Archaen-Paleoproterozoic Era when strong regional metamorphism eventually developed its exceptionally complex petrographic composition.Metamorphism generally reached the(high)amphibolite-granulite-facies highly metamorphosed regional metamorphic rocks which consist largely of schist,gneiss,granulite,quartzite,marble and ranitic gneiss.The basement structure shows obvious partitioning features and can be divided into the north,northwest and central-south regions.The overall regional strike is northeast to the main.From an evolutionary perspective,the basement of the Ordos Basin is one of the Archean microcontinent blocks that formed the North China Craton,where its integration with North China likely occurred in the late Paleoproterozoic Era.The early sedimentary cover mainly experienced four stages of evolution:inland depression of the Changcheng Period,edge sedimentation of the Jixian Period,integral uplift of the Qingbaikou-Nanhua Period,and edge depression of the Sinian Period.The sedimentary environment is mostly marine facies exhibiting continental characteristics in localized areas in the later period.The characteristics of sediment are significantly different for different periods,primarily due to both tectonic and climate constraints.The early sedimentary cover is obviously influenced by basement and tectonic structures,with earlier period experiencing greater influence.The special location of the basement may be the main reason that the most active depression area is at the southwest edge of the basin.
引文
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[24]刘树根,孙玮,钟勇,等.四川叠合盆地深层海相碳酸盐岩油气的形成和分布理论探讨[J].中国石油勘探,2016,21(1):15-27.
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[28]王宇,苏劲,王凯,等.全球深层油气分布特征及聚集规律[J].天然气地球科学,2012,23(3):526-534.
[29]张光亚,马锋,梁英波,等.全球深层油气勘探领域及理论技术进展[J].石油学报,2015,36(9):1156-1166.
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[31]朱光有,张水昌.中国深层油气成藏条件与勘探潜力[J].石油学报,2009,30(6):793-802.
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[33] KUSKY T M,LI J H.Paleoproterozoic tectonic evolution of the North China Craton[J].Journal of Asian Earth Sciences,2003,22(4):383-397.
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[35]赵国春.华北克拉通基底主要构造单元变质作用演化及其若干问题讨论[J].岩石学报,2009,25(8):1772-1792.
[36]杨俊杰,裴锡古.中国天然气地质学·卷四[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1996.
[37]王鸿祯.中国古地理图集[CM].北京:中国地图出版社,1985:5.
[38]杨华,付金华,包洪平.鄂尔多斯地区西部和南部奥陶纪海槽边缘沉积特征与天然气成藏潜力分析[J].海相油气地质,2010,15(2):1-13.
[2]霍福臣,潘行适,尤国林,等.宁夏地质概论[M].北京:科学出版社,1989:1-302.
[3]汤锡元,徐黎明.陕甘宁盆地及其周缘地区结晶基底及深部地质研究[R].西安:中国石油长庆油田公司,1993.
[4]刘敦一,伍家善.阜平群、五台群、滹沱群的界限年龄[G].北京:中国地质科学院地质研究所,1988.
[5]钱祥麟,李江海.华北克拉通新太古代不整合事件的确定及其大陆克拉通构造演化意义[J].中国科学D辑,1999,29(1):1-8.
[6]李江海,钱祥麟,翟明国,等.华北中北部高级变质岩区的构造区划及其新太古代构造演化[J].岩石学报,1996,12(2):179-192.
[7]翟明国.华北克拉通的形成以及早期板块构造[J].地质学报,2012,86(9):1335-1349.
[8]翟明国.克拉通化与华北陆块的形成[J].中国科学D辑:地球科学,2011,41(8):1037-1046.
[9] KUSKY T M.Geophysical and geological tests of tectonic models of the North China Craton[J].Gondwana Research,2011,20(1):26-35.
[10]李江海,牛向龙,KUSKY T M,等.从全球对比探讨华北克拉通早期地质演化与板块构造过程[J].地学前缘,2004,11(3):273-283.
[11]王荃.华北克拉通与全球构造[J].地质通报,2011,30(1):1-18.
[12]张瑞英,孙勇.华北克拉通南部早前寒武纪基底形成与演化[J].岩石学报,2017,33(10):3027-3041.
[13]翟明国.华北克拉通的形成演化与成矿作用[J].矿床地质,2010,29(1):24-36.
[14]滕吉文,王夫运,赵文智,等.鄂尔多斯盆地上地壳速度分布与沉积建造和结晶基底起伏的构造研究[J].地球物理学报,2008,51(6):1753-1766.
[15]贾进斗,何国琦,李茂松,等.鄂尔多斯盆地基底结构特征及其对古生界天然气的控制[J].高校地质学报,1997,3(2):144-153.
[16]邸领军.鄂尔多斯盆地基底演化及沉积盖层相关问题的探究[D].西安:西北大学,2003:1-155.
[17]李明,闫磊,韩绍阳.鄂尔多斯盆地基底构造特征[J].吉林大学学报(地球科学版),2012,42(增刊3):38-43.
[18]邓军,王庆飞,黄定华,等.鄂尔多斯盆地基底演化及其对盖层控制作用[J].地学前缘,2012,12(3):91-99.
[19]董春艳,刘敦一,李俊建,等.华北克拉通西部孔兹岩带形成时代新证据:巴彦乌拉—贺兰山地区锆石SHRIMP定年和Hf同位素组成[J].科学通报,2007,52(16):1913-1922.
[20]胡健民,刘新社,李振宏,等.鄂尔多斯盆地基底变质岩与花岗岩锆石SHRIMP U-Pb定年[J].科学通报,2012,57(26):2482-2491.
[21] WAN Y S,XIE H Q,YANG H,et al.Is the Ordos Block Archean or Paleoproterozoic in age:implications for the Precambrian evolution of the North China Craton[J].American Journal of Science,2013,313:683-711.
[22]何治亮,金晓辉,沃玉进,等.中国海相超深层碳酸盐岩油气成藏特点及勘探领域[J].中国石油勘探,2016,21(1):3-14.
[23]贾承造,庞雄奇.深层油气地质理论研究进展与主要发展方向[J].石油学报,2015,36(12):1457-1469.
[24]刘树根,孙玮,钟勇,等.四川叠合盆地深层海相碳酸盐岩油气的形成和分布理论探讨[J].中国石油勘探,2016,21(1):15-27.
[25]马永生,蔡勋育,赵培荣.深层、超深层碳酸盐岩油气储层形成机理研究综述[J].地学前缘,2011,18(4):181-192.
[26]石昕,戴金星,赵文智.深层油气藏勘探前景分析[J].中国石油勘探,2005,1:1-10.
[27]孙龙德,邹才能,朱如凯,等.中国深层油气形成、分布与潜力分析[J].石油勘探与开发,2013,40(6):641-649.
[28]王宇,苏劲,王凯,等.全球深层油气分布特征及聚集规律[J].天然气地球科学,2012,23(3):526-534.
[29]张光亚,马锋,梁英波,等.全球深层油气勘探领域及理论技术进展[J].石油学报,2015,36(9):1156-1166.
[30]赵文智,胡素云,刘伟,等.再论中国陆上深层海相碳酸盐岩油气地质特征与勘探前景[J].天然气工业,2014,34(4):1-9.
[31]朱光有,张水昌.中国深层油气成藏条件与勘探潜力[J].石油学报,2009,30(6):793-802.
[32] CONDIE K C,DES MARAIS D J,ABBOT D.Precambrian superplumes and supercontinents:a record in black shales,carbon isotopes,and paleoclimates?[J].Precambrian Research,2001,106(3/4):239-260.
[33] KUSKY T M,LI J H.Paleoproterozoic tectonic evolution of the North China Craton[J].Journal of Asian Earth Sciences,2003,22(4):383-397.
[34] ZHAI M G,BIAN A G,ZHAO T P.The amalgamation of the supercontinent of North China Craton at the end of Neoarchaean and its breakup during the late Palaeoproterozoic and Mesoproterozoic[J].Science in China:Series D,2000,43(Suppl):219-232.
[35]赵国春.华北克拉通基底主要构造单元变质作用演化及其若干问题讨论[J].岩石学报,2009,25(8):1772-1792.
[36]杨俊杰,裴锡古.中国天然气地质学·卷四[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1996.
[37]王鸿祯.中国古地理图集[CM].北京:中国地图出版社,1985:5.
[38]杨华,付金华,包洪平.鄂尔多斯地区西部和南部奥陶纪海槽边缘沉积特征与天然气成藏潜力分析[J].海相油气地质,2010,15(2):1-13.