基于药食同源作物紫苏的屋顶绿化模式研究
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摘要
采用药食同源作物紫苏代替传统绿化植物开展屋顶绿化试验,通过试验屋与对照屋的对比,探究了紫苏屋顶绿化模式的环境效益。结果表明:采用紫苏和复配土进行屋顶绿化时,产生的屋面荷载较低,符合屋顶绿化建筑的安全性原则;紫苏绿化具有很好的隔声降噪及隔热保温效果,同等情况下,试验屋内噪声级相较对照屋平均降低9. 9 d B,白天试验屋内气温最高可降低1. 8℃,夜间则对室内产生0. 5℃的保温效果;紫苏叶片对空气中浮尘具有一定的吸附效果;通过采用具有经济附加值的紫苏开展屋顶绿化,可以有效开发屋顶的经济价值。
The test of roof greening was carried out with Perilla frutescens crispa instead of traditional greening plants. The environmental benefits of the roof greening model were preliminarily analyzed by comparing the test room with the control room. The results showed that the roof load produced by using Perilla frutescens crispa and mixed soil for roof greening was lower, which conformed to the safety principle of roof greening buildings. Perilla frutescens crispa had a good effect of sound insulation, noise reduction and temperature preservation. Under the same conditions, the noise level in the test room was 9. 9 dB lower than that in the control room on average. The maximum temperature in the test room could be reduced by 1. 8 ℃ in the daytime and increased by 0. 5 ℃ in the night. Perilla frutescens crispa leaves had a certain adsorption effect on floating dust in the air. The economic value of roof could be effectively exploited by using Perilla frutescens crispa with economic added value to carry out roof greening.
The test of roof greening was carried out with Perilla frutescens crispa instead of traditional greening plants. The environmental benefits of the roof greening model were preliminarily analyzed by comparing the test room with the control room. The results showed that the roof load produced by using Perilla frutescens crispa and mixed soil for roof greening was lower, which conformed to the safety principle of roof greening buildings. Perilla frutescens crispa had a good effect of sound insulation, noise reduction and temperature preservation. Under the same conditions, the noise level in the test room was 9. 9 dB lower than that in the control room on average. The maximum temperature in the test room could be reduced by 1. 8 ℃ in the daytime and increased by 0. 5 ℃ in the night. Perilla frutescens crispa leaves had a certain adsorption effect on floating dust in the air. The economic value of roof could be effectively exploited by using Perilla frutescens crispa with economic added value to carry out roof greening.
引文
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[19]肖强,叶文景,朱珠,等.利用数码相机和Photoshop软件非破坏性测定叶面积的简便方法[J].生态学杂志,2005(6):711-714.XIAO Q,YE W J,ZHU Z,et al. A simple non-destructive method to measure leaf area using digital camera and Photoshop software[J]. Chinese Journal of Ecology,2005(6):711-714.
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[21]徐瑞.屋顶绿化生态化研究[D].北京:北京林业大学,2013.
[22]梁伟杰,向艳,陈永烨,等.屋顶绿化夏季对室内的降温效果试验对比研究[J].建筑技术开发,2016,43(4):12-14.LIANG W J,XIANG Y,CHEN Y Y,et al. Study on cooling effect for room of green roof in summer[J]. Building Technique Development,2016,43(4):12-14.
[23]肖拓,曹佩琴,魏甲斌,等.屋顶绿化降温效果研究[J].中国园艺文摘,2014(5):76-77.XIAO T,CAO P Q,WEI J B,et al. Research on cooling effect of green roof[J]. Chinese Horticulture Abstracts,2014(5):76-77.
[24]韩丽莉.屋顶绿化的滞尘效应研究[C]//南京:国际绿色建筑与建筑节能大会:立体绿化与绿色建筑论坛世界屋顶绿化大会,2012.
[25] PANDEY A,BHATT K C. Diversity distribution and collection of genetic resources of cultivated and weedy type in Perilla frutescens(L.)Britton var. frutescens and their uses in Indian Himalaya[J]. Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution,2008,55(6):883-892.
[26] LEE J K,OHNISHI O. Genetic relationships among cultivated types of Perilla frutescens and their weedy types in East Asia revealed by AFLP markers[J]. Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution,2003,50(1):65-74.
[27] PARK Y J,DIXIT A,MA K H,et al. Evaluation of genetic diversity and relationships within an on-farm collection of Perilla frutescens(L.)Britt. using microsatellite markers[J]. Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution,2008,55(4):523-535.
[2] DVORAK B,VOLDER A. Green roof vegetation for North American ecoregions:a literature review[J]. Landscape and Urban Planning,2010,96(4):197-213.
[3]李家瑞,孙岩,张营.国外屋顶绿化政策对中国城市绿色发展的启示[J].环境保护与循环经济,2016,36(6):61-66.
[4]许萍,车伍,李俊奇.屋顶绿化改善城市环境效果分析[J].环境保护,2004(7):41-44.XU P,CHE W,LI J Q. Analysis on improvement of urban environment made by green roof[J]. Environmental Protection,2004(7):41-44.
[5]时真男,高旭东,张伟捷.屋顶绿化对建筑能耗的影响分析[J].工业建筑,2005,35(7):14-15.SHI Z N,GAO X D,ZHANG W J. Effect of building roof afforestation on building energy consumption[J]. Industrial Construction,2005,35(7):14-15.
[6] The FLL green roofing guideline[S]. Bayern:Landscape Research,Development&Construction Society,1995.
[7]王仙民.迎接屋顶绿化的快速发展:创新技术开创新的局面[J].农业科技与信息(现代园林),2006(2):51-55.
[8]卓书斌,黄小凤.屋顶绿化研究概况[J].绿色科技,2017(9):54-55.
[9]雷振宏.中药材保护与绿色发展[J].现代农业科技,2018,729(19):123-125.LEI Z H. Protection and sustainable development of the traditional Chinese medicinal materials industry[J]. Modern Agricultural Science and Technology,2018,729(19):123-125.
[10]国家药典委员会.中华人民共和国药典[M].北京:中国医药科技出版社,2015:338-340.
[11]何育佩,郝二伟,谢金玲,等.紫苏药理作用及其化学物质基础研究进展[J].中草药,2018,49(16):3957-3968.HE Y P,HAO E W,XIE J L,et al. Research process on pharmacological effect and substance basis of Perilla frutescens[J]. Chinese Traditional and Herbal Drugs,2018,49(16):3957-3968.
[12]王朋朋,徐佳,张丽梅,等. 5种药食同源植物的抗氧化作用[J].吉林大学学报(理学版),2018,56(4):1035-1039.WANG P P,XU J,ZHANG L M,et al. Antioxidant activities of five kinds of food and medicine homologous plants[J]. Journal of Jilin University(Science Edition),2018,56(4):1035-1039.
[13]安梅,王雅琳.药食同源植物的营养价值分析[J].现代园艺,2018(16):212.
[14]林蒲田.药食同源说紫苏[J].农业考古,2006(1):166-168.
[15]北京市园林绿化局.屋顶绿化规范:DB11/T 281—2015[S].北京:北京市质量技术监督局,2015.
[16]刘志勇,王树东,黄启华,等.地下空间顶板浅层海绵式人工下凹绿地设计及对屋面初期雨水的净化[J].城市环境与城市生态,2016(4):22-27.LIU Z Y,WANG S D,HUANG Q H,et al. Design and purification of initial roof runoff for shallow spongy artificial sunken greenbelt on underground space roof[J]. Urban Environment&Urban Ecology,2016(4):22-27.
[17]王军利,仝玉琴,刘建海,等.组合式容器绿化在咸阳城区老旧楼房屋顶绿化中的应用[J].农学学报,2018,8(5):35-40.WANG J L,TONG Y Q,LIU J H,et al. Combined container greening:application to roof green of old buildings in Xianyang urban area[J]. Journal of Agriculture,2018,8(5):35-40.
[18]姜红卫,朱旭东,孙志海.苏州高速公路绿化滞尘效果初探[J].福建林业科技,2006,33(4):95-99.JIANG H W,ZHU X D,SUN Z H. Study on dust-blocking effect of Suzhou highway greening[J]. Journal of Fujian Forestry Science and Technology,2006,33(4):95-99.
[19]肖强,叶文景,朱珠,等.利用数码相机和Photoshop软件非破坏性测定叶面积的简便方法[J].生态学杂志,2005(6):711-714.XIAO Q,YE W J,ZHU Z,et al. A simple non-destructive method to measure leaf area using digital camera and Photoshop software[J]. Chinese Journal of Ecology,2005(6):711-714.
[20]住房和城乡建设部,国家质量监督检验检疫总局.建筑结构荷载规范:GB 50009—2012[S].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2012.
[21]徐瑞.屋顶绿化生态化研究[D].北京:北京林业大学,2013.
[22]梁伟杰,向艳,陈永烨,等.屋顶绿化夏季对室内的降温效果试验对比研究[J].建筑技术开发,2016,43(4):12-14.LIANG W J,XIANG Y,CHEN Y Y,et al. Study on cooling effect for room of green roof in summer[J]. Building Technique Development,2016,43(4):12-14.
[23]肖拓,曹佩琴,魏甲斌,等.屋顶绿化降温效果研究[J].中国园艺文摘,2014(5):76-77.XIAO T,CAO P Q,WEI J B,et al. Research on cooling effect of green roof[J]. Chinese Horticulture Abstracts,2014(5):76-77.
[24]韩丽莉.屋顶绿化的滞尘效应研究[C]//南京:国际绿色建筑与建筑节能大会:立体绿化与绿色建筑论坛世界屋顶绿化大会,2012.
[25] PANDEY A,BHATT K C. Diversity distribution and collection of genetic resources of cultivated and weedy type in Perilla frutescens(L.)Britton var. frutescens and their uses in Indian Himalaya[J]. Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution,2008,55(6):883-892.
[26] LEE J K,OHNISHI O. Genetic relationships among cultivated types of Perilla frutescens and their weedy types in East Asia revealed by AFLP markers[J]. Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution,2003,50(1):65-74.
[27] PARK Y J,DIXIT A,MA K H,et al. Evaluation of genetic diversity and relationships within an on-farm collection of Perilla frutescens(L.)Britt. using microsatellite markers[J]. Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution,2008,55(4):523-535.