影响恐龙化石及围岩风化破坏的主要因素及风化机理研究
|
摘要
导致恐龙化石及围岩风化破坏的因素十分复杂,其自身的物质组成、结构构造、胶结物的类型等内部因素决定了其抵御风化破坏的能力。化石及围岩的物理化学成分越稳定、结构构造越致密完整,其抗风化能力就越强。气温的反复变化以及各种气体、盐类、水溶液和生物的活动等外部因素,是促使恐龙化石或围岩发生风化破坏的直接的原因。这些风化包括物理风化、化学风化和生物风化。它们使组成化石或围岩的矿物成分发生分解、结构构造发生变化,使化石或围岩由整块变成碎块,由坚硬变得疏松,甚至化学成分也发生改变,从而造成了化石或围岩的风化破坏。
The factors leading to weathering damage of dinosaur fossils and surrounding rocks are very complex. The internal factors, such as material composition, structure and type of cements determine the ability of dinosaur to resist weathering damage. The more stable the physical and chemical composition of fossils and surrounding rocks, the more compact and complete the structure, the stronger the weathering resistance. Recurrent changes in temperature and external factors, such as various gases, salts, aqueous solutions and biological activities are direct reasons for the weathering destruction of dinosaur fossils or surrounding rocks. These weathering include physical weathering, chemical weathering and biological weathering. They decompose the mineral composition of the fossil or wall rocks, change the structures, the whole block of the fossils or wall rocks into fragments, from hard to loose, and even change the chemical composition. Thus causing the weathering destruction of the fossil or wall rock.
The factors leading to weathering damage of dinosaur fossils and surrounding rocks are very complex. The internal factors, such as material composition, structure and type of cements determine the ability of dinosaur to resist weathering damage. The more stable the physical and chemical composition of fossils and surrounding rocks, the more compact and complete the structure, the stronger the weathering resistance. Recurrent changes in temperature and external factors, such as various gases, salts, aqueous solutions and biological activities are direct reasons for the weathering destruction of dinosaur fossils or surrounding rocks. These weathering include physical weathering, chemical weathering and biological weathering. They decompose the mineral composition of the fossil or wall rocks, change the structures, the whole block of the fossils or wall rocks into fragments, from hard to loose, and even change the chemical composition. Thus causing the weathering destruction of the fossil or wall rock.
引文
[1] 李守军.山东侏罗白垩纪地层划分与对比[J].石油大学学报(自然科学版),1998,22(1):1-4.
[2] 陈树清.山东诸城恐龙化石发掘新成果[J].化石,2010(1):9-11.
[3] 柳永清,旷红伟,姬书安,等.鲁东诸城地区晚白垩世恐龙集群埋葬地沉积相与埋葬学初步研究[J].地质论评,2010.56(4):4457-4468.
[4] 张艳霞.诸城黄龙沟恐龙足迹群遗迹化石及生态环境研究[A]//中国古生物学会第26届学术年会论文集[C].2011:223.
[5] 夏文杰,李秀华.恐龙埋藏环境及岩相古地理特征[M].成都:四川科学技术出版社,1988:80-82.
[6] 杨群,王怡林,李朝真,等.原子光谱和X射线衍射研究禄丰恐龙化石与围岩特征[J].光谱学与光谱分析,2005,25(2):299-301.
[7] Terrestrial Ecosystems. Jidwisin[J]. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica, 1983, 28 (1-2): 295-306 .
[8] 邓建国,彭光照,金永中,等.自贡地区恐龙骨骼化石及围岩特征研究[J].光谱实验室,2010,27(1):192-196.
[9] 冯楠.高句丽石质文物风化机理及保护方法研究[D].长春:吉林大学,2008:4-10.
[10] 冯楠.潮湿环境下砖石类文物风化机理及保护方法[D].长春:吉林大学,2011:6-20.
[11] 汪东云,张赞勋,付林森,等.宝顶山石窟岩体风化破坏的作用因素分析[J].工程地质学报,1994(2):54-65.
[12] 缪林昌,刘松玉.南阳膨胀土的水分特征和强度特性研究[J].水利学报,2002(7):87-92.
[13] 徐晗,黄斌,何晓民.膨胀岩工程特性试验研究[J].水利学报,2007(增刊):716-722.
[14] 张渊,张贤,赵阳升.砂岩的热破裂过程[J].地球物理学报,2005,48(3):656-659.
[15] 秦本东,何军,谌伦建.石灰岩和砂岩高温力学特性的试验研究[J].地质力学学报,2009,25(3):253-261.
[16] 何沛田,吴相超,黄志鹏,等.岩石膨胀特性和机理研究[J].矿山压力与顶板管理,2005,22(3):52-55.
[17] 张尚坤,于学锋,贾超,等.热应力对恐龙化石风化损坏的影响研究[J].山东国土资源,2018,34(5):42-48.
[18] White A F,Bullen T D.Differential rates of feldspar weathering in granitic regoliths[J].Geochimica et Cosmochimica, 2001,65(6):847- 869 .
[19] Matsukara Y, Hashizume K, Oguchi C T.Effect of microstructure and weathering on the strength anisotropy of porous rhyolite[J].Engineering Geology, 2002(62):39- 47.
[20] 巫锡勇,罗健,魏有仪.岩石风化与岩石化学成分的变化研究[J].地质与勘探,2004,40(4):85-88.
[21] Moon V,Jajawardane J.Geomechanical and geochemical changes during early stages of weathering of Karamu Basalt,New Zealand[J].Engineering Geology,2004(74):57-72.
[22] 翁金桃.方解石和白云石的差异溶蚀作用[J].中国岩溶,1984,3(1):29-38.
[23] 杨俊杰,黄思静,张文正,等.表生和埋藏成岩作用的温压条件下不同组成碳酸盐岩溶解过程的实验模拟[J].沉积学报,1995,13(4):49-54.
[24] 徐则民,唐正光.石灰岩腐岩的基本特征及其形成机制[J].地质论评,2007(3):421-429.
[2] 陈树清.山东诸城恐龙化石发掘新成果[J].化石,2010(1):9-11.
[3] 柳永清,旷红伟,姬书安,等.鲁东诸城地区晚白垩世恐龙集群埋葬地沉积相与埋葬学初步研究[J].地质论评,2010.56(4):4457-4468.
[4] 张艳霞.诸城黄龙沟恐龙足迹群遗迹化石及生态环境研究[A]//中国古生物学会第26届学术年会论文集[C].2011:223.
[5] 夏文杰,李秀华.恐龙埋藏环境及岩相古地理特征[M].成都:四川科学技术出版社,1988:80-82.
[6] 杨群,王怡林,李朝真,等.原子光谱和X射线衍射研究禄丰恐龙化石与围岩特征[J].光谱学与光谱分析,2005,25(2):299-301.
[7] Terrestrial Ecosystems. Jidwisin[J]. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica, 1983, 28 (1-2): 295-306 .
[8] 邓建国,彭光照,金永中,等.自贡地区恐龙骨骼化石及围岩特征研究[J].光谱实验室,2010,27(1):192-196.
[9] 冯楠.高句丽石质文物风化机理及保护方法研究[D].长春:吉林大学,2008:4-10.
[10] 冯楠.潮湿环境下砖石类文物风化机理及保护方法[D].长春:吉林大学,2011:6-20.
[11] 汪东云,张赞勋,付林森,等.宝顶山石窟岩体风化破坏的作用因素分析[J].工程地质学报,1994(2):54-65.
[12] 缪林昌,刘松玉.南阳膨胀土的水分特征和强度特性研究[J].水利学报,2002(7):87-92.
[13] 徐晗,黄斌,何晓民.膨胀岩工程特性试验研究[J].水利学报,2007(增刊):716-722.
[14] 张渊,张贤,赵阳升.砂岩的热破裂过程[J].地球物理学报,2005,48(3):656-659.
[15] 秦本东,何军,谌伦建.石灰岩和砂岩高温力学特性的试验研究[J].地质力学学报,2009,25(3):253-261.
[16] 何沛田,吴相超,黄志鹏,等.岩石膨胀特性和机理研究[J].矿山压力与顶板管理,2005,22(3):52-55.
[17] 张尚坤,于学锋,贾超,等.热应力对恐龙化石风化损坏的影响研究[J].山东国土资源,2018,34(5):42-48.
[18] White A F,Bullen T D.Differential rates of feldspar weathering in granitic regoliths[J].Geochimica et Cosmochimica, 2001,65(6):847- 869 .
[19] Matsukara Y, Hashizume K, Oguchi C T.Effect of microstructure and weathering on the strength anisotropy of porous rhyolite[J].Engineering Geology, 2002(62):39- 47.
[20] 巫锡勇,罗健,魏有仪.岩石风化与岩石化学成分的变化研究[J].地质与勘探,2004,40(4):85-88.
[21] Moon V,Jajawardane J.Geomechanical and geochemical changes during early stages of weathering of Karamu Basalt,New Zealand[J].Engineering Geology,2004(74):57-72.
[22] 翁金桃.方解石和白云石的差异溶蚀作用[J].中国岩溶,1984,3(1):29-38.
[23] 杨俊杰,黄思静,张文正,等.表生和埋藏成岩作用的温压条件下不同组成碳酸盐岩溶解过程的实验模拟[J].沉积学报,1995,13(4):49-54.
[24] 徐则民,唐正光.石灰岩腐岩的基本特征及其形成机制[J].地质论评,2007(3):421-429.