柴达木盆地石灰沟地区克鲁克组烃源岩分子地球化学表征
|
摘要
通过有机地球化学相关分析测试,对柴达木盆地石灰沟地区石炭系克鲁克组烃源岩生物标志化合物特征进行研究,发现该地区烃源岩表现为有机碳含量较高、氯仿沥青"A"含量低,正烷烃分布具有低碳数优势,C_(27)-C_(28)-C_(29)规则甾烷呈现V字型和反L型分布,说明烃源岩母质为水生生物和陆源有机质混合输入;Pr/Ph<1.0,Pr/n-C_(17)和Ph/n-C_(18)值及伽马蜡烷/C_(30)藿烷的较高值表明烃源岩沉积环境处于弱氧化-弱还原的咸水环境;镜质体反射率(R_o)测定结果显示,研究区浅部烃源岩已处于成熟到高成熟阶段,深部烃源岩处于过成熟阶段,但生物标志物成熟度参数如Ts/(Ts+Tm)和C_(29)甾烷αββ/(αββ+ααα)等指示正常成熟,其原因有待进一步研究。可溶有机质较少主要是因为原油裂解所致,也可能与盆地抬升后的烃类散失有关,总体评价认为柴达木盆地石灰沟地区石炭系克鲁克组发育一套良好的烃源岩。
The characteristics of biomarkers of Carboniferous Keluke Formation source rocks in Shihuigou area of Qaidam Basin were studied by means of organic geochemistry analysis and testing.It is found that the organic carbon content of the source rocks in this area is high,chloroform asphalt "A" content is low,the distribution of n-alkanes has the advantage of low carbon number,and the distribution characteristics of C_(27)-C_(28)-C_(29) regular steroids are V-type and anti-L-type,which indicates that the parent rocks of the hydrocarbon source rocks are from aquatic organisms and terrestrial organic matter.Pr/Ph<1.0,and Pr/n-C_(17),Ph/n-C_(18) and high ratio of Gamma-paraffin to C_(30) hopane show that the sedimentary environment of the source rocks is salt water environment with weak oxidation and weak reduction.The measurement results of vitrinite reflectance(R_o) show that the shallow source rocks in the study area are in the stage of maturity to high maturity,while the deep source rocks are in the stage of over maturity.However,the maturity parameters of biomarkers such as Ts/(Ts+Tm) and C_(29) sterone αββ/(αββ+ααα) indicate that the source rocks are normal maturity,whose reasons need to be further studied.The less soluble organic matter is mainly due to the cracking of crude oil,and may also be related to the loss of hydrocarbons after the uplift of the basin.The overall evaluation shows that a set of good source rocks developed in the Carboniferous Keluke Formation in the Shihuigou area of Qaidam Basin.
The characteristics of biomarkers of Carboniferous Keluke Formation source rocks in Shihuigou area of Qaidam Basin were studied by means of organic geochemistry analysis and testing.It is found that the organic carbon content of the source rocks in this area is high,chloroform asphalt "A" content is low,the distribution of n-alkanes has the advantage of low carbon number,and the distribution characteristics of C_(27)-C_(28)-C_(29) regular steroids are V-type and anti-L-type,which indicates that the parent rocks of the hydrocarbon source rocks are from aquatic organisms and terrestrial organic matter.Pr/Ph<1.0,and Pr/n-C_(17),Ph/n-C_(18) and high ratio of Gamma-paraffin to C_(30) hopane show that the sedimentary environment of the source rocks is salt water environment with weak oxidation and weak reduction.The measurement results of vitrinite reflectance(R_o) show that the shallow source rocks in the study area are in the stage of maturity to high maturity,while the deep source rocks are in the stage of over maturity.However,the maturity parameters of biomarkers such as Ts/(Ts+Tm) and C_(29) sterone αββ/(αββ+ααα) indicate that the source rocks are normal maturity,whose reasons need to be further studied.The less soluble organic matter is mainly due to the cracking of crude oil,and may also be related to the loss of hydrocarbons after the uplift of the basin.The overall evaluation shows that a set of good source rocks developed in the Carboniferous Keluke Formation in the Shihuigou area of Qaidam Basin.
引文
[1] 马寅生,尹成明,刘成林,等.柴达木盆地石炭系油气资源调查评价进展[J].地球学报,2012,33(2):135-144.MA Yinsheng,YIN Chengming,LIU Chenglin,et al.The progress of Carboniferous oil and gas investigation and assessment in Qaidam Basin[J].Acta Geoscientica Sinica,2012,33(2):135-144.
[2] 刘成林,马寅生,周刚,等.柴达木盆地石炭系生烃证据[J].石油学报,2012,33(5):925-931.LIU Chenglin,MA Yinsheng,ZHOU Gang,et al.Evidence for the Carboniferous hydrocarbon generation in Qaidam Basin[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2012,33(5):925-931.
[3] 于会娟,刘洛夫,赵磊.柴达木盆地东部地区古生界烃源岩研究[J].石油大学学报,2001,25(4):24-30.YU Huijuan,LIU Luofu,ZHAO Lei.Study on source rocks of Palaeozoic in the eastern Qaidam Basin[J].Journal of the University of Petroleum,China(Edition of Natural Science),2001,25(4):24-30.
[4] 文志刚,王正允,何幼斌,等.柴达木盆地北缘上石炭统烃源岩评价[J].天然气地球科学,2004,15(2):125-127.WEN Zhigang,WANG Zhengyun,HE Youbin,et al.Evaluation on Upper Carboniferous hydrocarbon source rock in the northern margin of Chaidamu Basin[J].Natural Gas Geoscience,2004,15(2):125-127.
[5] 段宏亮,钟建华,王志坤,等.柴达木盆地东部石炭系烃源岩评价[J].地质通报,2006,25(9/10):1135-1142.DUAN Hongliang,ZHONG Jianhua,WANG Zhikun,et al.Evaluation of Carboniferous hydrocarbon source rocks in the eastern Qaidam basin,China[J].Geological Bulletin of China,2006,25(9/10):1135-1142.
[6] 万传治,乐幸福,陈迎宾.柴达木盆地东部地区石炭系分布规律与生烃潜力评价[J].天然气地球科学,2006,17(5):663-667.WAN Chuanzhi,LE Xingfu,CHEN Yingbin.Distribution laws and evaluation of hydrocarbon potential on Carboniferous in the east of Qaidam Basin[J].Natural Gas Geoscience,2006,17(5):663-667.
[7] 杨超,陈清华,王冠民,等.柴达木地区上古生界石炭系烃源岩评价[J].石油学报,2010,31(6):913-919.YANG Chao,CHEN Qinghua,WANG Guanmin,et al.Evaluation of Carboniferous source rocks in Qaidam area[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2010,31(6):913-919.
[8] 邵文斌,彭立才,汪立群,等.柴达木盆地北缘井下石炭系烃源岩的发现及其地质意义[J].石油学报,2006(4):36-39.SHAO Wenbin,PENG Licai,WANG Liqun,et al.Discovery of Carboniferous source rocks in the north margin of Qaidam Basin and its geological significance[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2006(4):36-39.
[9] 曹军,刘成林,马寅生,等.柴达木盆地东部石炭系海陆过渡相煤系页岩气地球化学特征及成因[J].地学前缘,2016,23(5):158-166.CAO Jun,LIU Chenglin,MA Yinsheng,et al.Geochemical characteristics and genesis of shale gas for Carboniferous marine-continental transitional facies coal measure strata in Eastern Qaidam Basin[J].Earth Science Frontiers,2016,23(5):158-166.
[10] 王大华,林武,李军亮,等.柴东石灰沟地区上石炭统烃源岩评价及潜力分析[J].石油天然气学报,2013,35(8):17-20.WANG Dahua,LIN Wu,LI Junliang,et al.Evaluation and potential analusis on Upper Carboniferous hydrocarbon source rocks in Shihuigou area of the eastern Qaidam Basin[J].Journal of Oil and Gas Technology,2013,35(8):17-20.
[11] 杨元元,马寅生,刘成林,等.风化作用对烃源岩有机质丰度的影响:以柴北缘石灰沟克鲁克组为例[J].地学前缘,2016,23(5):113-118.YANG Yuanyuan,MA Yinsheng,LIU Chenglin,et al.Influence of weathering on abundance of source rocks:a case study of Keluke Formation of Upper Carboniferous in the Shihuigou area,North Margin of Qaidam Basin[J].Earth Science Frontiers,2016,23(5):113-118.
[12] PETERS K E,MOLDOWAN M.The Biomarker Guide:Interpreting Molecular Fossils in Petroleum and Ancient Sediments[M].New Jersey:Prentice Hall Inc,1993.
[13] 李宗星,邱楠生,马寅生,等.柴达木盆地东部古生代以来构造-热演化[J].地学前缘,2017,24(3):157-167.LI Zongxing,QIU Nansheng,MA Yinsheng,et al.The study on tectono-thermal evolution since Paleozoic in the eastern Qaidam Basin,northwest China[J].Earth Science Frontiers,2017,24(3):157-167.
[14] 陈世悦,刘金,刘成林,等.柴北缘东段克鲁克组泥页岩储层特征[J].地学前缘,2016,23(5):56-65.CHEN Shiyue,LIU Jin,LIU Chenglin,et al.Characteristics of Keluke shale reservoirs in northeast margin of Qaidam Basin[J].Earth Science Frontiers,2016,23(5):56-65.
[15] 刘成林,张旭,杨元元,等.柴达木盆地德令哈坳陷石炭系页岩气系统评价[J].地学前缘,2016,23(5):135-145.LIU Chenglin,ZHANG Xu,YANG Yuanyuan,et al.Carboniferous shale gas system evaluation for the Delingha depression in Qaidam Basin[J].Earth Science Frontiers,2016,23(5):135-145.
[16] 邬立言,顾信章.热解技术在我国生油岩研究中的应用[J].石油学报,1986,7(2):13-19.WU Liyan,GU Xinzhang.The application of pyrolysis technique in source rock research[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,1986,7(2):13-19.
[17] PETERS K E.Guidelines for evaluating petroleum source rock using programmed pyrolysis[J].AAPG Bulletin,1998,70:318-329.
[18] 黄汝昌.中国低熟油及凝析气藏形成与分布规律[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1997:14-16.
[19] 廖玉宏,耿安松,刘德汉,等.煤生烃过程中成熟度引起的碳同位素分馏效应[J].石油实验地质,2007,29(6):583-588.LIAO Yuhong,GENG Ansong,LIU Dehan,et al.Carbon isotopic fractionation effect caused by maturity during the generation of coal–pyrolysis hyfrocarbons[J].Petroleum Geology & Experiment,2007,29(6):583-588.
[20] CLAYTON C J.Effect of maturity on carbon isotope ratios of oils and condensates[J].Organic Geochemistry,1991,17(6):887-899.
[21] BROOKS J D,GOULD K,SMITH J W.Isoprenoid hydrocarbons in coal and petroleum[J].Nature,1969,222:257-259.
[22] DIDYK B M,SIMONEIT B R T,BRASSELL S C,et al.Organic geochemical indicators of palaeoenvironmental conditions of sedimrntation[J].Nature,1978,272:216-222.
[23] TENHAVEN H L,dE Leeuw J W,RULLKOTTER J,et al.Restricted utility of the pristine/phytane ratio as a palaeoenvironmrntal indicator[J].Nature,1987,330:641-643.
[24] OURISSON G,ALBRECHT P,ROHMER M.The hopanoids Palaeochemistry and biochemistry of a group of natural products[J].Pure and Applied Chemistry,1979,51:709-729.
[25] SEIFERT W K,MOLDOWAN J M.The effect of thermal stress on source-rock quality as measures by hopane stereochemistry[J].Physics and Chemistry of the Earth,1980,12:229-237.
[26] PETERS K E,KONTOROVICH A E,MOLDOWAN J M,et al.Geochemistry of selected oils and rocks from the central portion of the West Siberian Basin,Russia[J].American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin,1993,77:863-887.
[27] SINNINGHE DAMSTE J S,KENIG F,KOOPMANS M P,et al.Evidence for gammacerane as an indicator of water-column stratification[J].Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta,1995,59:1895-1900.
[28] FU J,SHENG G,PENG P,et al.Peculiarities of salt lake sediments as potential source rocks in China[J].Organic Geochemistry,1986,10:119-126.
[29] SEIFERT W K,MOLDOWAN J M.Use of biological markers in petroleum exploration[J].Methods in Geochemistry and Geophysics Elsevier,1981,24:261-290.
[30] SHANMUGAM G.Significance of Coniferous rain forests and related organic matter in generating commercial quantities of oil,Gippsland Basin,Australia[J].American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin,1985,69:1241-1254.
[31] HUANG W,MEINSHEIN W G.Sterols as ecological indicators[J].Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta,1979,43:739-745.
[32] 侯读杰,冯子辉.油气地球化学[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2011.
[33] 王玉华,侯启军,孙德君,等.柴达木盆地北缘地区中新生代地层油气生成与资源评价[M].北京:科学出版社,2004:257-267.
[34] 高红梅,高福红,樊馥,等.鸡西盆地早白垩世烃源岩可溶有机质地球化学特征[J].吉林大学学报(地球科学版),2007,37(1):86-90.GAO Hongmei,GAO Fuhong,FAN Fu,et al.Geochemical characteristics of solvable organic matter extracted from source rocks of early Cretaceous in Jixi Basin[J].Journal of Jilin University(Earth Science Edition),2007,37(1):86-90.
[2] 刘成林,马寅生,周刚,等.柴达木盆地石炭系生烃证据[J].石油学报,2012,33(5):925-931.LIU Chenglin,MA Yinsheng,ZHOU Gang,et al.Evidence for the Carboniferous hydrocarbon generation in Qaidam Basin[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2012,33(5):925-931.
[3] 于会娟,刘洛夫,赵磊.柴达木盆地东部地区古生界烃源岩研究[J].石油大学学报,2001,25(4):24-30.YU Huijuan,LIU Luofu,ZHAO Lei.Study on source rocks of Palaeozoic in the eastern Qaidam Basin[J].Journal of the University of Petroleum,China(Edition of Natural Science),2001,25(4):24-30.
[4] 文志刚,王正允,何幼斌,等.柴达木盆地北缘上石炭统烃源岩评价[J].天然气地球科学,2004,15(2):125-127.WEN Zhigang,WANG Zhengyun,HE Youbin,et al.Evaluation on Upper Carboniferous hydrocarbon source rock in the northern margin of Chaidamu Basin[J].Natural Gas Geoscience,2004,15(2):125-127.
[5] 段宏亮,钟建华,王志坤,等.柴达木盆地东部石炭系烃源岩评价[J].地质通报,2006,25(9/10):1135-1142.DUAN Hongliang,ZHONG Jianhua,WANG Zhikun,et al.Evaluation of Carboniferous hydrocarbon source rocks in the eastern Qaidam basin,China[J].Geological Bulletin of China,2006,25(9/10):1135-1142.
[6] 万传治,乐幸福,陈迎宾.柴达木盆地东部地区石炭系分布规律与生烃潜力评价[J].天然气地球科学,2006,17(5):663-667.WAN Chuanzhi,LE Xingfu,CHEN Yingbin.Distribution laws and evaluation of hydrocarbon potential on Carboniferous in the east of Qaidam Basin[J].Natural Gas Geoscience,2006,17(5):663-667.
[7] 杨超,陈清华,王冠民,等.柴达木地区上古生界石炭系烃源岩评价[J].石油学报,2010,31(6):913-919.YANG Chao,CHEN Qinghua,WANG Guanmin,et al.Evaluation of Carboniferous source rocks in Qaidam area[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2010,31(6):913-919.
[8] 邵文斌,彭立才,汪立群,等.柴达木盆地北缘井下石炭系烃源岩的发现及其地质意义[J].石油学报,2006(4):36-39.SHAO Wenbin,PENG Licai,WANG Liqun,et al.Discovery of Carboniferous source rocks in the north margin of Qaidam Basin and its geological significance[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2006(4):36-39.
[9] 曹军,刘成林,马寅生,等.柴达木盆地东部石炭系海陆过渡相煤系页岩气地球化学特征及成因[J].地学前缘,2016,23(5):158-166.CAO Jun,LIU Chenglin,MA Yinsheng,et al.Geochemical characteristics and genesis of shale gas for Carboniferous marine-continental transitional facies coal measure strata in Eastern Qaidam Basin[J].Earth Science Frontiers,2016,23(5):158-166.
[10] 王大华,林武,李军亮,等.柴东石灰沟地区上石炭统烃源岩评价及潜力分析[J].石油天然气学报,2013,35(8):17-20.WANG Dahua,LIN Wu,LI Junliang,et al.Evaluation and potential analusis on Upper Carboniferous hydrocarbon source rocks in Shihuigou area of the eastern Qaidam Basin[J].Journal of Oil and Gas Technology,2013,35(8):17-20.
[11] 杨元元,马寅生,刘成林,等.风化作用对烃源岩有机质丰度的影响:以柴北缘石灰沟克鲁克组为例[J].地学前缘,2016,23(5):113-118.YANG Yuanyuan,MA Yinsheng,LIU Chenglin,et al.Influence of weathering on abundance of source rocks:a case study of Keluke Formation of Upper Carboniferous in the Shihuigou area,North Margin of Qaidam Basin[J].Earth Science Frontiers,2016,23(5):113-118.
[12] PETERS K E,MOLDOWAN M.The Biomarker Guide:Interpreting Molecular Fossils in Petroleum and Ancient Sediments[M].New Jersey:Prentice Hall Inc,1993.
[13] 李宗星,邱楠生,马寅生,等.柴达木盆地东部古生代以来构造-热演化[J].地学前缘,2017,24(3):157-167.LI Zongxing,QIU Nansheng,MA Yinsheng,et al.The study on tectono-thermal evolution since Paleozoic in the eastern Qaidam Basin,northwest China[J].Earth Science Frontiers,2017,24(3):157-167.
[14] 陈世悦,刘金,刘成林,等.柴北缘东段克鲁克组泥页岩储层特征[J].地学前缘,2016,23(5):56-65.CHEN Shiyue,LIU Jin,LIU Chenglin,et al.Characteristics of Keluke shale reservoirs in northeast margin of Qaidam Basin[J].Earth Science Frontiers,2016,23(5):56-65.
[15] 刘成林,张旭,杨元元,等.柴达木盆地德令哈坳陷石炭系页岩气系统评价[J].地学前缘,2016,23(5):135-145.LIU Chenglin,ZHANG Xu,YANG Yuanyuan,et al.Carboniferous shale gas system evaluation for the Delingha depression in Qaidam Basin[J].Earth Science Frontiers,2016,23(5):135-145.
[16] 邬立言,顾信章.热解技术在我国生油岩研究中的应用[J].石油学报,1986,7(2):13-19.WU Liyan,GU Xinzhang.The application of pyrolysis technique in source rock research[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,1986,7(2):13-19.
[17] PETERS K E.Guidelines for evaluating petroleum source rock using programmed pyrolysis[J].AAPG Bulletin,1998,70:318-329.
[18] 黄汝昌.中国低熟油及凝析气藏形成与分布规律[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1997:14-16.
[19] 廖玉宏,耿安松,刘德汉,等.煤生烃过程中成熟度引起的碳同位素分馏效应[J].石油实验地质,2007,29(6):583-588.LIAO Yuhong,GENG Ansong,LIU Dehan,et al.Carbon isotopic fractionation effect caused by maturity during the generation of coal–pyrolysis hyfrocarbons[J].Petroleum Geology & Experiment,2007,29(6):583-588.
[20] CLAYTON C J.Effect of maturity on carbon isotope ratios of oils and condensates[J].Organic Geochemistry,1991,17(6):887-899.
[21] BROOKS J D,GOULD K,SMITH J W.Isoprenoid hydrocarbons in coal and petroleum[J].Nature,1969,222:257-259.
[22] DIDYK B M,SIMONEIT B R T,BRASSELL S C,et al.Organic geochemical indicators of palaeoenvironmental conditions of sedimrntation[J].Nature,1978,272:216-222.
[23] TENHAVEN H L,dE Leeuw J W,RULLKOTTER J,et al.Restricted utility of the pristine/phytane ratio as a palaeoenvironmrntal indicator[J].Nature,1987,330:641-643.
[24] OURISSON G,ALBRECHT P,ROHMER M.The hopanoids Palaeochemistry and biochemistry of a group of natural products[J].Pure and Applied Chemistry,1979,51:709-729.
[25] SEIFERT W K,MOLDOWAN J M.The effect of thermal stress on source-rock quality as measures by hopane stereochemistry[J].Physics and Chemistry of the Earth,1980,12:229-237.
[26] PETERS K E,KONTOROVICH A E,MOLDOWAN J M,et al.Geochemistry of selected oils and rocks from the central portion of the West Siberian Basin,Russia[J].American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin,1993,77:863-887.
[27] SINNINGHE DAMSTE J S,KENIG F,KOOPMANS M P,et al.Evidence for gammacerane as an indicator of water-column stratification[J].Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta,1995,59:1895-1900.
[28] FU J,SHENG G,PENG P,et al.Peculiarities of salt lake sediments as potential source rocks in China[J].Organic Geochemistry,1986,10:119-126.
[29] SEIFERT W K,MOLDOWAN J M.Use of biological markers in petroleum exploration[J].Methods in Geochemistry and Geophysics Elsevier,1981,24:261-290.
[30] SHANMUGAM G.Significance of Coniferous rain forests and related organic matter in generating commercial quantities of oil,Gippsland Basin,Australia[J].American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin,1985,69:1241-1254.
[31] HUANG W,MEINSHEIN W G.Sterols as ecological indicators[J].Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta,1979,43:739-745.
[32] 侯读杰,冯子辉.油气地球化学[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2011.
[33] 王玉华,侯启军,孙德君,等.柴达木盆地北缘地区中新生代地层油气生成与资源评价[M].北京:科学出版社,2004:257-267.
[34] 高红梅,高福红,樊馥,等.鸡西盆地早白垩世烃源岩可溶有机质地球化学特征[J].吉林大学学报(地球科学版),2007,37(1):86-90.GAO Hongmei,GAO Fuhong,FAN Fu,et al.Geochemical characteristics of solvable organic matter extracted from source rocks of early Cretaceous in Jixi Basin[J].Journal of Jilin University(Earth Science Edition),2007,37(1):86-90.
© 2004-2018 中国地质图书馆版权所有 京ICP备05064691号 京公网安备11010802017129号 地址：北京市海淀区学院路29号 邮编：100083 电话：办公室：(+86 10)66554848；文献借阅、咨询服务、科技查新：66554700 |