裂缝性碳酸盐岩油藏化学剂辅助提高采收率研究进展
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摘要
碳酸盐岩油藏在全球范围内分布广泛,原油产量占比较高。由于碳酸盐岩储层结构复杂、裂缝发育、非均质性强以及偏油湿的润湿性特征,注水开发的采收率较低,化学剂辅助采油成为进一步提高采收率的有效方法。为了更好地开展该类油藏化学剂辅助提高采收率技术研究,系统总结了化学剂辅助提高采收率的作用机理、常用表面活性剂及数值模拟方法,介绍了成功应用表面活性剂辅助采油的矿场试验实例,指出了该项技术下一步的工作重点和研究方向。
Carbonate reservoirs widely distributed around the world,with a relatively high proportion of the total oil production.Due to the complex structure,the development of fractures,strong heterogeneity and preferential oil-wet characteristic,the oil recovery of carbonate reservoirs was always low with water injection. Chemical assistance was an effective method to further improve the oil recovery of such reservoirs. In order to further study the chemical EOR technology of fractured carbonate reservoirs,the mechanism,common used surfactants,and numerical simulation methods of chemical EOR for improving the recovery of fractured carbonate reservoirs were systematically summarized. Several examples of field projects that successfully applied surfactant-assisted method for oil recovery were introduced. Finally,the focus of future work and research direction were proposed.
Carbonate reservoirs widely distributed around the world,with a relatively high proportion of the total oil production.Due to the complex structure,the development of fractures,strong heterogeneity and preferential oil-wet characteristic,the oil recovery of carbonate reservoirs was always low with water injection. Chemical assistance was an effective method to further improve the oil recovery of such reservoirs. In order to further study the chemical EOR technology of fractured carbonate reservoirs,the mechanism,common used surfactants,and numerical simulation methods of chemical EOR for improving the recovery of fractured carbonate reservoirs were systematically summarized. Several examples of field projects that successfully applied surfactant-assisted method for oil recovery were introduced. Finally,the focus of future work and research direction were proposed.
引文
[1]江怀友,宋新民,王元基,等.世界海相碳酸盐岩油气勘探开发现状与展望[J].海洋石油,2008,28(4):6-13.
[2] AKBAR M,VISSAPRAGADA B,ALGHAMDI A H,et al. A snapshot of carbonate reservoir evaluation[J]. Oilfield Rev,2000,12(4):20-41.
[3]谢锦龙,黄冲,王晓星.中国碳酸盐岩油气藏探明储量分布特征[J].海相油气地质,2009,14(2):24-30.
[4] ALLAN J,SUN S Q. Controls on recovery factor in fractured reservoirs:lessons learned from 100 fractured fields[C].//SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition. Denver:Society of Petroleum Engineers,2003:1-18.
[5] MANRIQUE E J,MUCI V E,GURFINKEL M E. EOR field experiences in carbonate reservoirs in the United States[J]. SPE Reserv Eval Eng,2007,10(6):667-686.
[6] AUSTAD T,MILTER J. Spontaneous imbibition of water into low permeable chalk at different wettabilities using surfactants[C].//SPE International Symposium on Oilfield Chemistry. Houston:Society of Petroleum Engineers,1997:1-10.
[7] KUMAR K,DAO E K,MOHANTY K K. Atomic force microscopy study of wettability alteration by surfactants[J]. Soc Pet Eng J,2008,13(2):137-145.
[8] ADIBHATLA B,SUN X,MOHANTY K K. Numerical studies of oil production from initially oil-wet fracture blocks by surfactant brine imbibitions[C].//SPE International Improved Oil Recovery Conference in Asia Pacific. Kuala Lumpur:Society of Petroleum Engineers,2005:1-15.
[9] ADIBHATLA B,MOHANTY K K. Simulation of surfactant-aided gravity drainage in fractured carbonates[C].//SPE Reservoir Simulation Symposium. Houston:Society of Petroleum Engineers,2007:1-6.
[10] GUPTA R,ADIBHATLA B,MOHANTY K K. Parametric study to enhance oil recovery rate from fractured oil-wet carbonate reservoirs[C].//SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition. Denver:Society of Petroleum Engineers,2008:1-11.
[11] CHEN P,MOHANTY K K. Surfactant-enhanced oil recovery from fractured oil-wet carbonates:effects of low IFT and wettability alteration[C].//SPE International Symposium on Oilfield Chemistry. The Woodlands:Society of Petroleum Engineers,2015:1-24.
[12] ASL Y A,POPE G A,DELSHAD M. Mechanistic modeling of chemical transport in naturally fractured oil reservoirs[C].//SPE Improved Oil Recovery Symposium. Tulsa:Society of Petroleum Engineers,2010:1-16.
[13] PARRA J E,POPE G A,MEJIA M,et al. New approach for using surfactants to enhance oil recovery from naturally fractured oil-wet carbonate reservoirs[C].//SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition. Dubai:Society of Petroleum Engineers,2016:1-19.
[14] GOUDARZI A,DeLSHAD M,MOHANTY K K,et al. Impact of matrix block size on oil recovery response using surfactants in fractured carbonates[C].//SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition. San Antonio:Society of Petroleum Engineers,2012:1-15.
[15] SEETHEPALLI A, ADIBHATLA B, MOHANTY, K K.Physicochemical interactions during surfactant flooding of fractured carbonate reservoirs[J]. SPE Journal,2004,9(4):411-418.
[16] ADIBHATLA B,MOHANTY K K. Oil recovery from fractured carbonates by surfactant-aided gravity drainage:laboratory experiments and mechanistic simulations[J]. SPE Reserv Eval Eng,2008,11(1):119-130.
[17] STANDNES D C,AUSTAD T. Wettability alteration in chalk 2:mechanism for wettability alteration from oil-wet to water-wet using surfactants[J]. J Pet Sci Eng,2000,28(3):123-143.
[18] WU Y,SHULER P J,BLANCO M,et al. A study of branched alcohol propoxylate sulfate surfactants for improved oil recovery[C].//SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition.Dallas:Society of Petroleum Engineers,2005:1-10.
[19] LEVITT D,JACKSON A,HEINSON C,et al. Identification and evaluation of high-performance EOR surfactants[J]. SPE Reserv Eval Eng,2009,12(2):243-253.
[20] MOHANTY K K. Dilute surfactant methods for carbonate formations[M]. United States:Department of Energy,2006:34.
[21]沈安琪,刘义坤,邱晓惠,等.表面活性剂提高致密油藏渗吸采收率研究[J].油田化学,2016,33(4):696-699.
[22]张春华,刘卫东,苟斐斐.基于格子坡尔兹曼的润湿性对降压效果的研究[J].西南石油大学学报(自然科学版),2017,39(3):111-120.
[23] CHEN P,MOHANTY K K. Surfactant-mediated spontaneous imbibition in carbonate rocks at harsh reservoir conditions[J].SPE Journal,2013,18(1):124-133.
[24] CHEN P,MOHANTY K K. Wettability alteration in high temperature carbonate reservoirs[C].//SPE Improved Oil Recovery Symposium. Tulsa:Society of Petroleum Engineers,2014:1-20.
[25] HIRASAKI G J,ZHANG D L. Surface chemistry of oil recovery from fractured,oil-wet,carbonate formations[J]. Soc Pet Eng J,2004,9(2):151-162.
[26] STANDNES D C, AUSTAD T. Wettability alteration in carbonates:interaction between cationic-surfactant and carboxylates as a key factor in wettability alteration from oil-wet to water-wet conditions[J]. Colloids Surf A:Physicochem Eng Aspects,2003,216(1/2/3):243-259.
[27] QI Z,HAN M,FUSENI A,et al. Laboratory study on surfactant induced spontaneous imbibition for carbonate reservoir[C].//SPE Asia Pacific Oil&Gas Conference and Exhibition. Perth:Society of Petroleum Engineers,2016:1-16.
[28] SHARMA G,MOHANTY K K. Wettability alteration in hightemperature and high-salinity carbonate reservoirs[J]. SPE Journal,2013,18(4):646-655.
[29] XIE X,WEISS W W,TONG Z,et al. Improved oil recovery from carbonate reservoirs by chemical stimulation[J]. SPE Journal,2005,10(3):276-285.
[30] CHEN H L,LUCAS L R,NOGARET L A D,et al. Laboratory monitoring of surfactant imbibition using computerized tomography[C].//SPE International Petroleum Conference and Exhibition in Mexico. Villahermosa:Society of Petroleum Engineers,2000:1-14.
[31] KALAEI M H,GREEN D W,WILLHITE G P. A new dynamic wettability alteration model for oil-wet cores during surfactant solution imbibition[J]. SPE Journal,2013,18(5):818-828.
[32] DELSHAD M,NAJAFABADI N F,ANDERSON G A,et al.Modeling wettability alteration in naturally fractured reservoirs[J]. SPE Reserv Eval Eng,2009,12(3):361-370.
[33] DELSHAD M,NAJAFABADI N F,SEPEHRNOORI K. Scale up methodology for wettability modification in fractured carbonates[C].//SPE Reservoir Simulation Symposium. The Woodlands:Society of Petroleum Engineers,2009:1-15.
[34] ANDERSEN P?,EVJE S,KLEPPE H. A model for wettability alteration in fractured reservoirs[J]. SPE Journal,2015,20(6):1261-1275.
[35] LASHGARI H R, XU Y, SEPEHRNOORI K. Modeling dynamic wettability alteration effect based on contact angle[C].//SPE Improved Oil Recovery Conference. Tulsa:Society of Petroleum Engineers,2016:1-17.
[36] RILIAN N A,SUMESTRY M,WAHYUNINGSIH. Surfactant stimulation to increase reserves in carbonate reservoir:“a case study in Semoga field”[C].//SPE EUROPEC/EAGE Annual Conference and Exhibition. Barcelona:Society of Petroleum Engineers,2010:1-9.
[37] ZUBARI H K,SIVAKUMAR V C B. Single well tests to determine the efficiency of alkaline-surfactant injection in a highly oil-wet limestone reservoir[C].//SPE Middle East Oil Show. Bahrain:Society of Petroleum Engineers,2003:1-6.
[2] AKBAR M,VISSAPRAGADA B,ALGHAMDI A H,et al. A snapshot of carbonate reservoir evaluation[J]. Oilfield Rev,2000,12(4):20-41.
[3]谢锦龙,黄冲,王晓星.中国碳酸盐岩油气藏探明储量分布特征[J].海相油气地质,2009,14(2):24-30.
[4] ALLAN J,SUN S Q. Controls on recovery factor in fractured reservoirs:lessons learned from 100 fractured fields[C].//SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition. Denver:Society of Petroleum Engineers,2003:1-18.
[5] MANRIQUE E J,MUCI V E,GURFINKEL M E. EOR field experiences in carbonate reservoirs in the United States[J]. SPE Reserv Eval Eng,2007,10(6):667-686.
[6] AUSTAD T,MILTER J. Spontaneous imbibition of water into low permeable chalk at different wettabilities using surfactants[C].//SPE International Symposium on Oilfield Chemistry. Houston:Society of Petroleum Engineers,1997:1-10.
[7] KUMAR K,DAO E K,MOHANTY K K. Atomic force microscopy study of wettability alteration by surfactants[J]. Soc Pet Eng J,2008,13(2):137-145.
[8] ADIBHATLA B,SUN X,MOHANTY K K. Numerical studies of oil production from initially oil-wet fracture blocks by surfactant brine imbibitions[C].//SPE International Improved Oil Recovery Conference in Asia Pacific. Kuala Lumpur:Society of Petroleum Engineers,2005:1-15.
[9] ADIBHATLA B,MOHANTY K K. Simulation of surfactant-aided gravity drainage in fractured carbonates[C].//SPE Reservoir Simulation Symposium. Houston:Society of Petroleum Engineers,2007:1-6.
[10] GUPTA R,ADIBHATLA B,MOHANTY K K. Parametric study to enhance oil recovery rate from fractured oil-wet carbonate reservoirs[C].//SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition. Denver:Society of Petroleum Engineers,2008:1-11.
[11] CHEN P,MOHANTY K K. Surfactant-enhanced oil recovery from fractured oil-wet carbonates:effects of low IFT and wettability alteration[C].//SPE International Symposium on Oilfield Chemistry. The Woodlands:Society of Petroleum Engineers,2015:1-24.
[12] ASL Y A,POPE G A,DELSHAD M. Mechanistic modeling of chemical transport in naturally fractured oil reservoirs[C].//SPE Improved Oil Recovery Symposium. Tulsa:Society of Petroleum Engineers,2010:1-16.
[13] PARRA J E,POPE G A,MEJIA M,et al. New approach for using surfactants to enhance oil recovery from naturally fractured oil-wet carbonate reservoirs[C].//SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition. Dubai:Society of Petroleum Engineers,2016:1-19.
[14] GOUDARZI A,DeLSHAD M,MOHANTY K K,et al. Impact of matrix block size on oil recovery response using surfactants in fractured carbonates[C].//SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition. San Antonio:Society of Petroleum Engineers,2012:1-15.
[15] SEETHEPALLI A, ADIBHATLA B, MOHANTY, K K.Physicochemical interactions during surfactant flooding of fractured carbonate reservoirs[J]. SPE Journal,2004,9(4):411-418.
[16] ADIBHATLA B,MOHANTY K K. Oil recovery from fractured carbonates by surfactant-aided gravity drainage:laboratory experiments and mechanistic simulations[J]. SPE Reserv Eval Eng,2008,11(1):119-130.
[17] STANDNES D C,AUSTAD T. Wettability alteration in chalk 2:mechanism for wettability alteration from oil-wet to water-wet using surfactants[J]. J Pet Sci Eng,2000,28(3):123-143.
[18] WU Y,SHULER P J,BLANCO M,et al. A study of branched alcohol propoxylate sulfate surfactants for improved oil recovery[C].//SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition.Dallas:Society of Petroleum Engineers,2005:1-10.
[19] LEVITT D,JACKSON A,HEINSON C,et al. Identification and evaluation of high-performance EOR surfactants[J]. SPE Reserv Eval Eng,2009,12(2):243-253.
[20] MOHANTY K K. Dilute surfactant methods for carbonate formations[M]. United States:Department of Energy,2006:34.
[21]沈安琪,刘义坤,邱晓惠,等.表面活性剂提高致密油藏渗吸采收率研究[J].油田化学,2016,33(4):696-699.
[22]张春华,刘卫东,苟斐斐.基于格子坡尔兹曼的润湿性对降压效果的研究[J].西南石油大学学报(自然科学版),2017,39(3):111-120.
[23] CHEN P,MOHANTY K K. Surfactant-mediated spontaneous imbibition in carbonate rocks at harsh reservoir conditions[J].SPE Journal,2013,18(1):124-133.
[24] CHEN P,MOHANTY K K. Wettability alteration in high temperature carbonate reservoirs[C].//SPE Improved Oil Recovery Symposium. Tulsa:Society of Petroleum Engineers,2014:1-20.
[25] HIRASAKI G J,ZHANG D L. Surface chemistry of oil recovery from fractured,oil-wet,carbonate formations[J]. Soc Pet Eng J,2004,9(2):151-162.
[26] STANDNES D C, AUSTAD T. Wettability alteration in carbonates:interaction between cationic-surfactant and carboxylates as a key factor in wettability alteration from oil-wet to water-wet conditions[J]. Colloids Surf A:Physicochem Eng Aspects,2003,216(1/2/3):243-259.
[27] QI Z,HAN M,FUSENI A,et al. Laboratory study on surfactant induced spontaneous imbibition for carbonate reservoir[C].//SPE Asia Pacific Oil&Gas Conference and Exhibition. Perth:Society of Petroleum Engineers,2016:1-16.
[28] SHARMA G,MOHANTY K K. Wettability alteration in hightemperature and high-salinity carbonate reservoirs[J]. SPE Journal,2013,18(4):646-655.
[29] XIE X,WEISS W W,TONG Z,et al. Improved oil recovery from carbonate reservoirs by chemical stimulation[J]. SPE Journal,2005,10(3):276-285.
[30] CHEN H L,LUCAS L R,NOGARET L A D,et al. Laboratory monitoring of surfactant imbibition using computerized tomography[C].//SPE International Petroleum Conference and Exhibition in Mexico. Villahermosa:Society of Petroleum Engineers,2000:1-14.
[31] KALAEI M H,GREEN D W,WILLHITE G P. A new dynamic wettability alteration model for oil-wet cores during surfactant solution imbibition[J]. SPE Journal,2013,18(5):818-828.
[32] DELSHAD M,NAJAFABADI N F,ANDERSON G A,et al.Modeling wettability alteration in naturally fractured reservoirs[J]. SPE Reserv Eval Eng,2009,12(3):361-370.
[33] DELSHAD M,NAJAFABADI N F,SEPEHRNOORI K. Scale up methodology for wettability modification in fractured carbonates[C].//SPE Reservoir Simulation Symposium. The Woodlands:Society of Petroleum Engineers,2009:1-15.
[34] ANDERSEN P?,EVJE S,KLEPPE H. A model for wettability alteration in fractured reservoirs[J]. SPE Journal,2015,20(6):1261-1275.
[35] LASHGARI H R, XU Y, SEPEHRNOORI K. Modeling dynamic wettability alteration effect based on contact angle[C].//SPE Improved Oil Recovery Conference. Tulsa:Society of Petroleum Engineers,2016:1-17.
[36] RILIAN N A,SUMESTRY M,WAHYUNINGSIH. Surfactant stimulation to increase reserves in carbonate reservoir:“a case study in Semoga field”[C].//SPE EUROPEC/EAGE Annual Conference and Exhibition. Barcelona:Society of Petroleum Engineers,2010:1-9.
[37] ZUBARI H K,SIVAKUMAR V C B. Single well tests to determine the efficiency of alkaline-surfactant injection in a highly oil-wet limestone reservoir[C].//SPE Middle East Oil Show. Bahrain:Society of Petroleum Engineers,2003:1-6.
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