湖南省祁阳县学龄期儿童血铅水平现状调查
|
摘要
目的了解湖南省祁阳县学龄期儿童体内血铅水平和外环境铅暴露情况以及分布特征,为科学防治学龄期儿童铅中毒提供依据。方法采用分层单纯随机抽样方法抽取2016年祁阳县工业区黎家坪镇、非工业区下马渡镇、县城关镇6~12岁儿童各200人,采用钨舟原子吸收光谱法测定血铅水平。结果祁阳县600名学龄期儿童体内血铅水平为(73.98±18.21)μg/L,其中血铅水平≥100μg/L者28人,铅中毒率为4.67%,且均为轻度铅中毒;不同地区学龄期儿童血铅水平和铅中毒率差异均有统计学意义(χ~2=12.89,P<0.05);男童的血铅含量(75.73±19.16)μg/L高于女童的(72.34±17.14)μg/L,且男童(6.55%)铅中毒检出率高于女童(2.90%),差异有统计学意义(χ~2=4.48,P<0.05)。结论祁阳县学龄期儿童血铅水平虽然低于湖南省其他县市,但是长时间、低水平的潜在铅暴露危险性大。相关部门应加强对于人群血铅水平的监测,尤其是学龄期儿童。
Objective To investigate the blood lead level and lead exposure status in school-age children in Qiyang County of Hunan Province, aiming to provide scientific evidence for prevention and treatment of lead poisoning in school-age children. Methods Stratified random sampling method was used to collect 200 children from the industrial district of Lijiaping Town,non-industrial town of Xiamadu and Xianchengguan,respectively. The blood lead level was determined by tungsten boat atomic absorption spectrometry. Results The 600 children mean blood lead was 73. 98 μg/L,standard deviation was 18. 21 μg/L,whose level of blood lead≥100 μg/L was 28,the detection rate was 4. 67% and all were mild lead poisoning. The difference of blood lead levels and the poisoning detection rates in different districts was significantly( χ~2= 12. 89,P < 0. 05). The average blood lead level in boys were( 75. 73 ± 19. 16) μg/L and girls were( 72. 34 ± 17. 14) μg/L,the rates of lead poisoning in boys( 6. 55%) was higher than girls( 2. 90%). There was significant difference of lead poisoning rates between boys and girls( χ~2=4. 48,P < 0. 05). Conclusion The blood lead level of school-age children in the county was lower than that in other counties of Hunan,but the potential lead exposure of long-term and low-level was high. Therefore,the relevant departments should strengthen the monitoring of blood lead levels in the population,especially in school-age children.
Objective To investigate the blood lead level and lead exposure status in school-age children in Qiyang County of Hunan Province, aiming to provide scientific evidence for prevention and treatment of lead poisoning in school-age children. Methods Stratified random sampling method was used to collect 200 children from the industrial district of Lijiaping Town,non-industrial town of Xiamadu and Xianchengguan,respectively. The blood lead level was determined by tungsten boat atomic absorption spectrometry. Results The 600 children mean blood lead was 73. 98 μg/L,standard deviation was 18. 21 μg/L,whose level of blood lead≥100 μg/L was 28,the detection rate was 4. 67% and all were mild lead poisoning. The difference of blood lead levels and the poisoning detection rates in different districts was significantly( χ~2= 12. 89,P < 0. 05). The average blood lead level in boys were( 75. 73 ± 19. 16) μg/L and girls were( 72. 34 ± 17. 14) μg/L,the rates of lead poisoning in boys( 6. 55%) was higher than girls( 2. 90%). There was significant difference of lead poisoning rates between boys and girls( χ~2=4. 48,P < 0. 05). Conclusion The blood lead level of school-age children in the county was lower than that in other counties of Hunan,but the potential lead exposure of long-term and low-level was high. Therefore,the relevant departments should strengthen the monitoring of blood lead levels in the population,especially in school-age children.
引文
[1]潘尚霞,刘涛,曲亚斌,等.南方某重金属暴露区儿童血和尿中铅、镉水平及影响因素调查[J].环境卫生学杂志,2016,6(1):24-27.
[2]VORVOLAKOS T,ARSENIOU S,SAMAKOURI M.There is no safe threshold for lead exposure:Αliterature review[J].Psychiatrike=Psychiatriki,2016,27(3):204-214.
[3]吕玉桦,孔婷,让蔚清.2004-2012年我国血铅超标事件的流行特征分析[J].中国预防医学杂志,2013,14(11):868-870.
[4]吴叶,王冬月,孙宏,等.苏南农村地区井水、土壤及一般人群的铅负荷[J].环境与职业医学,2016,33(9):880-883.
[5]CDC.Preventing lead poisoning in young children.2005[J].JAMA,1985,253(15):2182-2183.
[6]BITTO A,PIZZINO G,IRRERA N,et al.Epigenetic modifications due to heavy metals exposure in children living in polluted areas[J].Current Genomics,2014,15(6):464-468.
[7]曹朝晖,龙石银,周艺,等.衡阳市某矿区儿童铅中毒现状的调查[J].微量元素与健康研究,2015,32(2):28-29.
[8]CDC.Laboratory Quality Assurance and Standardization Programs.2014.
[9]LIU J,LEWIS G.Environmental toxicity and poor cognitive outcomes in children and adults[J].Journal of Environmental Health,2014,76(6):130-138.
[10]王可为,仇君,袁洪.21347名儿童血铅水平的分析[J].中国妇幼保健,2014,29(16):2528-2530.
[11]殷刚柱,汪小燕,王燕,等.合肥市城区5702名0~6岁儿童血铅水平调查分析[J].中国妇幼保健,2016,31(8):1715-1717.
[12]吕葛,宋文琪,李启亮.北京市15564例儿童血铅水平调查研究[J].首都医科大学学报,2013,34(6):894-896.
[13]张婧婧,季莉莉,周连,等.南京市7~12岁儿童血铅水平状况调查[J].江苏预防医学,2012,23(4):19.
[14]ETCHEVERS A,BRETIN P,LECOFRE CC,et al.Blood lead levels and risk factors in young children in France,2008-2009[J].International Journal of Hygiene&Environmental Health,2013,217(4):528-537.
[15]唐爱军,陈文华.祁阳县乡镇企业职业病危害情况分析[J].实用预防医学,2010,17(6):50-51.
[16]LIU J,LI L,WANG Y,et al.Impact of low blood lead concentrations on IQ and school performance in Chinese children[J].Plos One,2013,8(5):e65230-e65230.
[17]IBRAHEIM MEM,MOSTAFA BN,MARIE M.Environmental and Occupational Lead Exposure Among Children in Cairo,Egypt:A Community-Based Cross-Sectional Study[J].Medicine,2016,95(9):e2976.
[18]张海艳,蒲朝文,田应桥,等.2014年重庆市涪陵区学龄儿童血铅检测结果[J].江苏预防医学,2016,27(2):240-241.
[2]VORVOLAKOS T,ARSENIOU S,SAMAKOURI M.There is no safe threshold for lead exposure:Αliterature review[J].Psychiatrike=Psychiatriki,2016,27(3):204-214.
[3]吕玉桦,孔婷,让蔚清.2004-2012年我国血铅超标事件的流行特征分析[J].中国预防医学杂志,2013,14(11):868-870.
[4]吴叶,王冬月,孙宏,等.苏南农村地区井水、土壤及一般人群的铅负荷[J].环境与职业医学,2016,33(9):880-883.
[5]CDC.Preventing lead poisoning in young children.2005[J].JAMA,1985,253(15):2182-2183.
[6]BITTO A,PIZZINO G,IRRERA N,et al.Epigenetic modifications due to heavy metals exposure in children living in polluted areas[J].Current Genomics,2014,15(6):464-468.
[7]曹朝晖,龙石银,周艺,等.衡阳市某矿区儿童铅中毒现状的调查[J].微量元素与健康研究,2015,32(2):28-29.
[8]CDC.Laboratory Quality Assurance and Standardization Programs.2014.
[9]LIU J,LEWIS G.Environmental toxicity and poor cognitive outcomes in children and adults[J].Journal of Environmental Health,2014,76(6):130-138.
[10]王可为,仇君,袁洪.21347名儿童血铅水平的分析[J].中国妇幼保健,2014,29(16):2528-2530.
[11]殷刚柱,汪小燕,王燕,等.合肥市城区5702名0~6岁儿童血铅水平调查分析[J].中国妇幼保健,2016,31(8):1715-1717.
[12]吕葛,宋文琪,李启亮.北京市15564例儿童血铅水平调查研究[J].首都医科大学学报,2013,34(6):894-896.
[13]张婧婧,季莉莉,周连,等.南京市7~12岁儿童血铅水平状况调查[J].江苏预防医学,2012,23(4):19.
[14]ETCHEVERS A,BRETIN P,LECOFRE CC,et al.Blood lead levels and risk factors in young children in France,2008-2009[J].International Journal of Hygiene&Environmental Health,2013,217(4):528-537.
[15]唐爱军,陈文华.祁阳县乡镇企业职业病危害情况分析[J].实用预防医学,2010,17(6):50-51.
[16]LIU J,LI L,WANG Y,et al.Impact of low blood lead concentrations on IQ and school performance in Chinese children[J].Plos One,2013,8(5):e65230-e65230.
[17]IBRAHEIM MEM,MOSTAFA BN,MARIE M.Environmental and Occupational Lead Exposure Among Children in Cairo,Egypt:A Community-Based Cross-Sectional Study[J].Medicine,2016,95(9):e2976.
[18]张海艳,蒲朝文,田应桥,等.2014年重庆市涪陵区学龄儿童血铅检测结果[J].江苏预防医学,2016,27(2):240-241.