从“十三连跳”到“开胸验肺”:透视企业劳动安全卫生保障——以中国劳动安全卫生法律发展为视角(2005年-2015年)
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摘要
目的:中国社会经济转型发展进程中,随着劳动者自我保护意识的觉醒,劳资矛盾日趋紧张,企业对员工的劳动安全卫生保障已成为关乎企业生存发展的关键环节之一,基于劳动安全卫生法律发展的视角规范企业劳动安全卫生保障行为具有重要的现实意义,企业需主动适应经济、法治新常态。方法:采用文献分析法,梳理企业劳动安全卫生保障现状;以典型案例调查法,说明劳动者法治意识和自我防护意识的逐渐觉醒和劳动安全卫生法律体系初步形成,同时,发现企业劳动安全卫生保障实施过程普遍存在流于形式、管理混乱、监管不严等问题。结论:强化企业主体责任意识与企业劳动安全卫生管理制度建设、加大劳动安全卫生宣传普及力度、构建更有效的行政监管体制、提高劳动安全卫生立法质量、构建高效率的权利救济制度等途径促使劳资关系和谐发展。
Objective Social and economic transformation in China in the process of development,with awareness of self-protection awareness of the workers,the contradiction between labor and capital is nervous with each passing day,the enterprise on the staff of the labor safety and health security has become related to one of the key links for the survival and development of enterprises,based on labor safety and health law development perspective to standardize enterprise labor safety and hygiene behavior has important practical significance,companies need to take the initiative to adapt to the economy,rule of law,the new normal.Methods Using the method of literature analysis,sort of enterprise labor safety and health security research status; with the typical case investigation that laborers legal consciousness and awareness of self-protection gradually awakening and labor safety and health law system has been initially formed,at the same time,it is found that the enterprise labor safety and health security implementation process exists a mere formality,chaotic management,lax supervision and other problems.Conclusion Strengthening the main responsibility of the enterprise consciousness and enterprise labor safety and health management system construction,increasing labor health and safety publicity efforts to popularize,building more effective administrative supervision system,improving the labor safety and health legislation quality,and constructing efficient right relief system way to promote the harmonious development of labor capital relations.
Objective Social and economic transformation in China in the process of development,with awareness of self-protection awareness of the workers,the contradiction between labor and capital is nervous with each passing day,the enterprise on the staff of the labor safety and health security has become related to one of the key links for the survival and development of enterprises,based on labor safety and health law development perspective to standardize enterprise labor safety and hygiene behavior has important practical significance,companies need to take the initiative to adapt to the economy,rule of law,the new normal.Methods Using the method of literature analysis,sort of enterprise labor safety and health security research status; with the typical case investigation that laborers legal consciousness and awareness of self-protection gradually awakening and labor safety and health law system has been initially formed,at the same time,it is found that the enterprise labor safety and health security implementation process exists a mere formality,chaotic management,lax supervision and other problems.Conclusion Strengthening the main responsibility of the enterprise consciousness and enterprise labor safety and health management system construction,increasing labor health and safety publicity efforts to popularize,building more effective administrative supervision system,improving the labor safety and health legislation quality,and constructing efficient right relief system way to promote the harmonious development of labor capital relations.
引文
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[11]魏娜娜,宇传华,鲍俊哲,等.中国人均卫生总费用空间聚集性及其影响因素分析[J].中国卫生事业管理,2016,33(3):190-192.
[12](美)亚伯拉罕·马斯洛,许金声、程朝翔译.动机与人格[M].北京:华夏出版社,1987:45.
[13]郭捷.劳动法与社会保障法[M].北京:中国政法大学出版社,2012:188.
[14]姚丹丹.化工厂外协单位工人职业卫生知识及防护情况调查[J].工业卫生与职业病,2015,41(2):135-136,139.
[15]袁一枫,杨乃莲.通过职业安全卫生及工作环境公约(第155号)透视我国职业安全卫生立法[J].中国职业安全卫生管理体系认证,2003,(3):26-27.
[16]徐维维,胡敏.北京市城乡居民医保一体化筹资负担研究[J].中国卫生事业管理,2015,32(5):363-366.
[2]李克强.达沃斯论坛答海外企业家问实录[EB/OL].http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/hqcj/2013-09/11/content_16959757.htm?bsh_bid=285276714,2013-09-11/2016-01-16.
[3]苏永照.我国劳动收入比重偏低的成因分析—基于劳动力市场的视角[J].技术经济与管理研究,2014,(10):71-76.
[4]王胜俊.2009年最高人民法院工作报告[EB/OL].http://www.gov.cn/20091h/content_1261101.htm,2015-12-03/2016-01-16.
[5]人力资源和社会保障部.2014年度人力资源和社会保障事业发展统计公报[EB/OL].http://politics.people.com.cn/n/2015/0528/c1001-27071609-3.html,2015-05-28/2016-01-16.
[6]卫兴华.社会主义市场经济与法治[J].经济研究,2015,50(1):10
[7]新华社.富士康跳楼员工被判自杀,其父母获补偿36万元[EB/OL].http://tech.qq.com/a/20090728/000223.htm,2009-07-28/2016-01-26.
[8]中国人大网.1981年《职业安全和卫生及工作环境公约》[EB/OL].ttp://www.npc.gov.cn/wxzl/gongbao/2006-12/06/content_5354930.htm,2006-12-06/2016-01-16.
[9]陶维洲.生死标本张海超开胸验肺验出制度“尘肺”[N].现代报,2009-08-02(A6).
[10]董保华.名案背后的劳动法思考[M].北京:法律出版社,2012:56.
[11]魏娜娜,宇传华,鲍俊哲,等.中国人均卫生总费用空间聚集性及其影响因素分析[J].中国卫生事业管理,2016,33(3):190-192.
[12](美)亚伯拉罕·马斯洛,许金声、程朝翔译.动机与人格[M].北京:华夏出版社,1987:45.
[13]郭捷.劳动法与社会保障法[M].北京:中国政法大学出版社,2012:188.
[14]姚丹丹.化工厂外协单位工人职业卫生知识及防护情况调查[J].工业卫生与职业病,2015,41(2):135-136,139.
[15]袁一枫,杨乃莲.通过职业安全卫生及工作环境公约(第155号)透视我国职业安全卫生立法[J].中国职业安全卫生管理体系认证,2003,(3):26-27.
[16]徐维维,胡敏.北京市城乡居民医保一体化筹资负担研究[J].中国卫生事业管理,2015,32(5):363-366.