隧道压力拱动态演变机制及规律分析
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摘要
隧道开挖后形成的压力拱是随着围岩的渐进性破坏而动态发展的。以毛洞情况下隧道的最终状态为依据将动态压力拱分为稳定无塌落拱、稳定有塌落拱和不稳定无塌落拱三类,将围岩压力拱的动态发展分为原始应力状态、雏形压力拱状态、初始压力拱状态、塌落压力拱状态4个典型的时间段,从而对动态压力拱理论进行了完善。对初始压力拱和塌落压力拱的拱体厚度进行了理论推导,从理论上揭示了围岩压力拱动态发展的影响因素。通过实例计算得到了隧道埋深、侧向土压力系数与初始压力拱拱体厚度的关系以及塌落压力拱随塌落高度发展的动态演化规律。结果表明:初始压力拱拱体厚度与侧压力系数呈线性负相关,与隧道埋深呈正相关;侧压力系数对初始压力拱拱体厚度的影响随隧道埋深的增加而增大;随着塌落高度的增加,围岩压力拱范围先增大后逐渐趋于稳定,而拱体厚度则先增大后减小;若塌方在拱体厚度达到最大时仍无法稳定,则最终会发展为塌穿型塌方。
The pressure arch in tunnel develops dynamically with the progressive failure of surrounding rock.Based on the final state of the unsupported-tunnel in weak surrounding rock,the dynamic pressure arch was divided into three types including stable type without collapse arch,stable type with collapse arch and unstable type without collapse arch,and the development of dynamic pressure arch was divided into four typical states including the original stress state,the miniature pressure arch state,the initial pressure arch state and the collapsed pressure arch state,which improves the dynamic pressure arch theory. The thickness of the initial and collapsed pressure arch was deduced,and the factors which affect the dynamic development of pressure arch were revealed theoretically. By a case study,the relationship among cover depth,lateral pressure coefficient and thickness of initial pressure arch was gained,and the regular pattern of the dynamic evolution of collapsed pressure arch varying with the collapse height was also analyzed. The results show that the thickness of the initial pressure arch is negatively correlated with lateral pressure coefficient and positively correlated with cover depth. The influence of lateral pressure coefficient on the thickness of the initial pressure arch increases with cover depth increasing. With the increasing of the collapse height,the range of pressure arch tends to be stable after increasing,while the thickness of pressure arch decreases after increasing to a maximum value. The collapse will develop to earth surface if the stable collapse arch can't occur before the thickness of pressure arch reach a maximum value
The pressure arch in tunnel develops dynamically with the progressive failure of surrounding rock.Based on the final state of the unsupported-tunnel in weak surrounding rock,the dynamic pressure arch was divided into three types including stable type without collapse arch,stable type with collapse arch and unstable type without collapse arch,and the development of dynamic pressure arch was divided into four typical states including the original stress state,the miniature pressure arch state,the initial pressure arch state and the collapsed pressure arch state,which improves the dynamic pressure arch theory. The thickness of the initial and collapsed pressure arch was deduced,and the factors which affect the dynamic development of pressure arch were revealed theoretically. By a case study,the relationship among cover depth,lateral pressure coefficient and thickness of initial pressure arch was gained,and the regular pattern of the dynamic evolution of collapsed pressure arch varying with the collapse height was also analyzed. The results show that the thickness of the initial pressure arch is negatively correlated with lateral pressure coefficient and positively correlated with cover depth. The influence of lateral pressure coefficient on the thickness of the initial pressure arch increases with cover depth increasing. With the increasing of the collapse height,the range of pressure arch tends to be stable after increasing,while the thickness of pressure arch decreases after increasing to a maximum value. The collapse will develop to earth surface if the stable collapse arch can't occur before the thickness of pressure arch reach a maximum value
引文
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[16]房倩,张顶立,王毅远,等.圆形洞室围岩破坏模式模型试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2011,30(3):564-571.(Fang Qian,Zhang Dingli,Wang Yiyuan,et al.Model test study of failure modes of surrounding rock for circle caverns[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2011,30(3):564-571.(in Chinese))
[17]李利平,李术才,赵勇,等.超大断面隧道软弱破碎围岩渐进性破坏过程三维地质力学模型试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2012,31(3):550-560.(Li Liping,Li Shucai,Zhao Yong,et al.3Dgeomechanical model for progressive failure progress of weak broken surrounding rock in super large section tunnel[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2012,31(3):550-560.(in Chinese))
[18]李英杰,张顶立,宋义敏,等.软弱破碎深埋隧道围岩渐进性破坏试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2012,31(6):1138-1147.(Li Yingjie,Zhang Dingli,Song Yimin,et al.Experimental research of progressive damage of surrounding rock for soft fractured deep tunnel[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2012,31(6):1138-1147.(in Chinese))
[19]朱合华,黄锋,徐前卫.变埋深下软弱破碎隧道围岩渐进性破坏试验与数值模拟[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2010,29(6):1113-1122.(Zhu Hehua,Huang Feng,Xu Qianwei.Model test and numerical simulation for progressive failure of weak and fractured tunnel surrounding rock under different overburden depths[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering.2015,29(6):1113-1122.(in Chinese))
[20]郑康成,丁文其,金威,等.特大断面隧道分步施工动态压力拱分析研究[J].岩土工程学报,2015,37(增1):72-77.(Zheng Kangcheng,Ding Wenqi,Jin Wei,et al.Experimental and numerical study on staged construction pressure arch of super large section tunnel[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2015,37(Supp.1):72-77.(in Chinese))
[21]曲海锋,杨重存,朱合华,等.公路隧道围岩压力研究与发展[J].地下空间与工程学报,2007,3(3):536-543.(Qu Haifeng,Yang Zhongcun,Zhu Hehua,et al.Research and development on surrounding rock pressure of road tunnel[J].Chinese Journal of Underground Space and Engineering,2007,3(3):536-543.(in Chinese))
[22]李鸿博,郭小红.公路连拱隧道土压力荷载的计算方法研究[J].岩土力学,2009,30(11):3429-3434.(Li Hongbo,Guo Xiaohong.Reserch on calculation methods of earth pressure on muti-arch tunnel for highway[J].Rock and soil Mechanics,2009,30(11):3429-3434.(in Chinese))
[2]Janssen.Versucheüber getreidedruck in silozellen[J].zeitschrift Des.D.Vereines Deutscher Ingenieure,1895,39(35):1045-1049.
[3]沈明荣,陈建峰.岩体力学[M].上海:同济大学出版社,2006.(Shen Mingrong,Chen Jianfeng.Rock mass mechanics[M].Shanghai:Tongji University Press,2006.(in Chinese))
[4]Terzaghi K.Theoretical soil mechanics[M].New York:John Wiley&Sons,1943.
[5]Handy R L.The arch in soil arching[J].Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,1985,111(3):302-318.
[6]Kavari K.Erroneous concepts behind the new Austrian tunnelling method[J].Tunnels and Tunneling[J].1994,26(11):38-42.
[7]Huang Z P,Broch E,Lu M.Cavern roof stabilitymechanism of arching and stabilization by rock bolting[J].Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology,2002,17(3):249-261.
[8]梁晓丹.节理围岩应力自调节成拱特性及稳定性研究[D].徐州:中国矿业大学,2006.(Liang Xiaodan.Study on the arching action by stress adjusting and stability of jointed surrounding rock[D].Xuzhou:China University of Mining and Technology,2006.(in Chinese))
[9]梁晓丹,刘刚,赵坚.地下工程压力拱拱体的确定与成拱分析[J].河海大学学报(自然科学版),2005,33(3):314-317.(Liang Xiaodan,Liu Gang,Zhao Jian.Definition and analysis of arching action in underground rock engineering[J].Journal of Hohai University(Natural Science Edition),2005,33(3):314-317.(in Chinese))
[10]加瑞.盾构隧道垂直土压力松动效应的研究[D].南京:河海大学,2007.(Jia Rui.Study on relaxation effect of vertical pressure for shield tunnel[D].Nanjing:Hohai University,2007.(in Chinese))
[11]王云飞,李长洪,郑晓娟,等.不同开挖方式地下硐室压力拱的演变机理研究[J].矿业研究与开发,2009,29(3):12-14.(Wang Yunfei,Li Changhong,Zheng Xiaojuan,et al.Research on the evolution mechanism of pressure arch of underground cavern excavated in different ways[J].Mining Research and Development,2009,29(3):12-14.(in Chinese))
[12]扈世民.黄土隧道围岩压力拱效应分析[J].铁道学报,2014,36(3):94-99.(Hu Shimin.Analysis on pressure-arch effect of surrounding rock in loess tunnel[J].Journal of the China Railway Society,2014,36(3):94-99.(in Chinese))
[13]汪成兵.软弱破碎隧道围岩渐进性破坏机理研究[D].上海:同济大学,2007.(Wang Chengbing.Study on the progressive failure mechanism of the surrounding rock of tunnel constructed in soft rock[D].Shanghai:Tongji University,2007.(in Chinese))
[14]汪成兵,朱合华.隧道围岩渐进性破坏机理模型试验方法研究[J].铁道工程学报,2009,3(3):48-53.(Wang Chengbing,Zhu Hehua.Study on the test method for progressive failure mechanism of the surrounding rock of tunnel with model[J].Journal of Railway Engineering Society,2009,3(3):48-53.(in Chinese))
[15]汪成兵.均质岩体中隧道围岩破坏过程的试验与数值模拟[J].岩土力学,2012,33(1):103-108.(Wang Chengbing.Laboratory and numerical investigation on failure process of tunnel constructed in homogeneous rock[J].Rock and soil Mechanics,2012,33(1):103-108.(in Chinese))
[16]房倩,张顶立,王毅远,等.圆形洞室围岩破坏模式模型试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2011,30(3):564-571.(Fang Qian,Zhang Dingli,Wang Yiyuan,et al.Model test study of failure modes of surrounding rock for circle caverns[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2011,30(3):564-571.(in Chinese))
[17]李利平,李术才,赵勇,等.超大断面隧道软弱破碎围岩渐进性破坏过程三维地质力学模型试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2012,31(3):550-560.(Li Liping,Li Shucai,Zhao Yong,et al.3Dgeomechanical model for progressive failure progress of weak broken surrounding rock in super large section tunnel[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2012,31(3):550-560.(in Chinese))
[18]李英杰,张顶立,宋义敏,等.软弱破碎深埋隧道围岩渐进性破坏试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2012,31(6):1138-1147.(Li Yingjie,Zhang Dingli,Song Yimin,et al.Experimental research of progressive damage of surrounding rock for soft fractured deep tunnel[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2012,31(6):1138-1147.(in Chinese))
[19]朱合华,黄锋,徐前卫.变埋深下软弱破碎隧道围岩渐进性破坏试验与数值模拟[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2010,29(6):1113-1122.(Zhu Hehua,Huang Feng,Xu Qianwei.Model test and numerical simulation for progressive failure of weak and fractured tunnel surrounding rock under different overburden depths[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering.2015,29(6):1113-1122.(in Chinese))
[20]郑康成,丁文其,金威,等.特大断面隧道分步施工动态压力拱分析研究[J].岩土工程学报,2015,37(增1):72-77.(Zheng Kangcheng,Ding Wenqi,Jin Wei,et al.Experimental and numerical study on staged construction pressure arch of super large section tunnel[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2015,37(Supp.1):72-77.(in Chinese))
[21]曲海锋,杨重存,朱合华,等.公路隧道围岩压力研究与发展[J].地下空间与工程学报,2007,3(3):536-543.(Qu Haifeng,Yang Zhongcun,Zhu Hehua,et al.Research and development on surrounding rock pressure of road tunnel[J].Chinese Journal of Underground Space and Engineering,2007,3(3):536-543.(in Chinese))
[22]李鸿博,郭小红.公路连拱隧道土压力荷载的计算方法研究[J].岩土力学,2009,30(11):3429-3434.(Li Hongbo,Guo Xiaohong.Reserch on calculation methods of earth pressure on muti-arch tunnel for highway[J].Rock and soil Mechanics,2009,30(11):3429-3434.(in Chinese))
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