灌排模式对超级稻南粳5055抗倒伏能力的影响研究
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摘要
【目的】研究不同灌排模式对超级稻南粳5055抗倒伏能力的影响。【方法】于2017年5—10月在南方地区高效灌排与农业水土环境教育部重点实验室进行不同灌排模式的桶栽试验。共设浅水勤灌(FSI)、浅湿调控(WSI)、控制灌溉(CI)和秸秆覆盖旱作(DPS)4个处理。【结果】相较FSI处理,WSI处理减少了灌水量,提高了花后期光合速率和叶面积,但茎秆形态和力学特性改善不显著;CI处理相较WSI处理进一步改善茎秆形态和力学特性,显著提高抗倒伏能力,增加产量的同时节约灌水量;DPS处理较FSI处理降低了茎鞘物质输出率和转化率,但干旱严重,茎鞘干物质累积量小于FSI处理,茎秆形态性状未能优化,抗倒伏能力下降。【结论】综合产量、抗倒伏能力及灌水量,最佳灌排模式为控制灌溉,其次为浅湿调控。
【Objective】This paper is to investigate the effect of different irrigation and drainage on resistance of rice, Oryza sativa L. Nanjing 5055 against lodging.【Method】The experiments were conducted in pots and we considered four treatments: frequent shallow irrigation(FSI), wet-shallow irrigation(WSI), controlled irrigation(CI), and deficit-irrigation with straw mulching(DPS). In each treatment, we measured the morphology and mechanical properties of the rice stem, the changes in growth indexes, the photosynthetic rate of the flag leaf after the flowering stage, as well as the translocation of the stem-sheath to dry-matter(PDESS) and to the grain(PDTSS) respectively.【Result】Compared with FSI, WSI reduced irrigation water consumption but increased the photosynthetic rate and flag leaf area after the flowering stage, beneficial to yield, despite having no significant improvement in morphology and mechanical properties of the stems. Compared with WSI, CI not only reduced the amount of irrigation water, but also improved the morphology and mechanical characteristics of the stems,thereby enhancing lodging resistance and increasing the final yield. Compared with FSI, DPS reduced the translocation from stem-sheath(PDESS) to dry-matter and the grain(PDTSS), but increased the dry-matter accumulation due to the increased water stress, leading to a decrease in lodging resistance.【Conclusion】Considering yield,lodging resistance and irrigation water consumption, CI was the most suitable irrigation and drainage method, followed by WSI. The results presented in this paper can help design irrigation and drainage system in southern China to improve resistance of rice against lodging and safeguarding its production.
【Objective】This paper is to investigate the effect of different irrigation and drainage on resistance of rice, Oryza sativa L. Nanjing 5055 against lodging.【Method】The experiments were conducted in pots and we considered four treatments: frequent shallow irrigation(FSI), wet-shallow irrigation(WSI), controlled irrigation(CI), and deficit-irrigation with straw mulching(DPS). In each treatment, we measured the morphology and mechanical properties of the rice stem, the changes in growth indexes, the photosynthetic rate of the flag leaf after the flowering stage, as well as the translocation of the stem-sheath to dry-matter(PDESS) and to the grain(PDTSS) respectively.【Result】Compared with FSI, WSI reduced irrigation water consumption but increased the photosynthetic rate and flag leaf area after the flowering stage, beneficial to yield, despite having no significant improvement in morphology and mechanical properties of the stems. Compared with WSI, CI not only reduced the amount of irrigation water, but also improved the morphology and mechanical characteristics of the stems,thereby enhancing lodging resistance and increasing the final yield. Compared with FSI, DPS reduced the translocation from stem-sheath(PDESS) to dry-matter and the grain(PDTSS), but increased the dry-matter accumulation due to the increased water stress, leading to a decrease in lodging resistance.【Conclusion】Considering yield,lodging resistance and irrigation water consumption, CI was the most suitable irrigation and drainage method, followed by WSI. The results presented in this paper can help design irrigation and drainage system in southern China to improve resistance of rice against lodging and safeguarding its production.
引文
[1] ZHANG Wujun, LI Ganghua, YANG Yiming, et al. Effects of nitrogen application rate and ratio on lodging resistance of super rice with different genotypes[J]. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 2014, 13(1):63-72.
[2]张丰转,金正勋,马国辉,等.水稻抗倒性与茎秆形态性状和化学成分含量间相关分析[J].作物杂志, 2010(4):15-19.
[3]申广勒,石英尧,黄艳玲,等.水稻抗倒伏特性及其与茎秆性状的相关性研究[J].中国农学通报, 2007(12):58-62.
[4]李国辉,钟旭华,田卡,等.施氮对水稻茎秆抗倒伏能力的影响及其形态和力学机理[J].中国农业科学, 2013, 46(7):1 323-1 334.
[5] KASHIWAGI, SASAKI, ISHIMARU. Factors responsible for decreasing sturdiness of the lower part in lodging of rice(oryza sativa l.)[J]. Plant Production Science, 2005, 8(2):166-172.
[6] KASHIWAGI T, HIROTSU N, UJIIE K, et al. Lodging resistance locus prl5 improves physical strength of the lower plant part under different conditions of fertilization in rice(oryza sativa l.)[J]. Field Crops Research, 2010, 115(1):107-115.
[7] NISHIUCHI S, YAMAUCHI T, TAKAHASHI H, et al. Mechanisms for coping with submergence and waterlogging in rice[J]. RICE, 2011, 5(1):2.
[8] OHE, OKITA, DAIMON. Effects of deep-flooding irrigation on growth, canopy structure and panicle weight yield under different planting patterns in rice[J]. Plant Production Science, 2010, 13(2):193-198.
[9] WON, CHOI, LEE, et al. Water saving by shallow intermittent irrigation and growth of rice[J]. Plant Production Science, 2005, 8(4):487-492.
[10]杨长明,杨林章,颜廷梅,等.不同养分和水分管理模式对水稻抗倒伏能力的影响[J].应用生态学报, 2004, 15(4):646-650.
[11]刘立军,王康君,葛立立,等.旱种水稻基部节间性状与倒伏的关系及其生理机制[J].作物学报, 2012, 38(5):848-856.
[12]郭相平,甄博,王振昌.旱涝交替胁迫增强水稻抗倒伏性能[J].农业工程学报, 2013, 29(12):130-135.
[13]王振昌,郭相平,杨静晗,等.旱涝交替胁迫对水稻干物质生产分配及倒伏性状的影响[J].农业工程学报, 2016, 32(24):114-123.
[14]陆红飞,郭相平,甄博,等.旱涝交替胁迫下水稻茎节发育及其抗倒伏能力[J].灌溉排水学报, 2016, 35(8):47-52.
[15]郭相平,黄双双,王振昌,等.不同灌溉模式对水稻抗倒伏能力影响的试验研究[J].灌溉排水学报, 2017, 36(5):1-5.
[16]张喜娟,姜树坤,郑旭,等.水稻基部伸长节间性状与茎秆机械强度的相关分析和QTL定位[J].植物生理学通讯, 2009, 45(3):223-228.
[17]杨波,秦德荣,刘艳,等.超级稻连粳7号的抗倒伏机理[J].江苏农业学报, 2016, 32(6):1 212-1 218.
[18]杨惠杰,杨仁崔,李义珍,等.水稻茎秆性状与抗倒性的关系[J].福建农业学报, 2000, 15(2):1-7.
[19]张忠旭,陈温福,杨振玉,等.水稻抗倒伏能力与茎秆物理性状的关系及其对产量的影响[J].沈阳农业大学学报,1999(2):81-85.
[20]郝树荣,董博豪,周鹏,等.水分胁迫对超级稻生长发育和抗倒伏能力的影响[J].灌溉排水学报, 2018,37(9):1-8.
[21]赵黎明,李明,郑殿峰,等.灌溉方式与种植密度对寒地水稻产量及光合物质生产特性的影响[J].农业工程学报, 2015, 31(6):159-169.
[22]彭世彰,张正良,庞桂斌.控制灌溉条件下寒区水稻茎秆抗倒伏力学评价及成因分析[J].农业工程学报, 2009, 25(1):6-10.
[23]赵宏伟,田雪飞,于美芳,等.孕穗期干旱胁迫对寒地粳稻干物质积累、转运及产量形成影响[J].东北农业大学学报, 2016, 47(11):1-8.
[2]张丰转,金正勋,马国辉,等.水稻抗倒性与茎秆形态性状和化学成分含量间相关分析[J].作物杂志, 2010(4):15-19.
[3]申广勒,石英尧,黄艳玲,等.水稻抗倒伏特性及其与茎秆性状的相关性研究[J].中国农学通报, 2007(12):58-62.
[4]李国辉,钟旭华,田卡,等.施氮对水稻茎秆抗倒伏能力的影响及其形态和力学机理[J].中国农业科学, 2013, 46(7):1 323-1 334.
[5] KASHIWAGI, SASAKI, ISHIMARU. Factors responsible for decreasing sturdiness of the lower part in lodging of rice(oryza sativa l.)[J]. Plant Production Science, 2005, 8(2):166-172.
[6] KASHIWAGI T, HIROTSU N, UJIIE K, et al. Lodging resistance locus prl5 improves physical strength of the lower plant part under different conditions of fertilization in rice(oryza sativa l.)[J]. Field Crops Research, 2010, 115(1):107-115.
[7] NISHIUCHI S, YAMAUCHI T, TAKAHASHI H, et al. Mechanisms for coping with submergence and waterlogging in rice[J]. RICE, 2011, 5(1):2.
[8] OHE, OKITA, DAIMON. Effects of deep-flooding irrigation on growth, canopy structure and panicle weight yield under different planting patterns in rice[J]. Plant Production Science, 2010, 13(2):193-198.
[9] WON, CHOI, LEE, et al. Water saving by shallow intermittent irrigation and growth of rice[J]. Plant Production Science, 2005, 8(4):487-492.
[10]杨长明,杨林章,颜廷梅,等.不同养分和水分管理模式对水稻抗倒伏能力的影响[J].应用生态学报, 2004, 15(4):646-650.
[11]刘立军,王康君,葛立立,等.旱种水稻基部节间性状与倒伏的关系及其生理机制[J].作物学报, 2012, 38(5):848-856.
[12]郭相平,甄博,王振昌.旱涝交替胁迫增强水稻抗倒伏性能[J].农业工程学报, 2013, 29(12):130-135.
[13]王振昌,郭相平,杨静晗,等.旱涝交替胁迫对水稻干物质生产分配及倒伏性状的影响[J].农业工程学报, 2016, 32(24):114-123.
[14]陆红飞,郭相平,甄博,等.旱涝交替胁迫下水稻茎节发育及其抗倒伏能力[J].灌溉排水学报, 2016, 35(8):47-52.
[15]郭相平,黄双双,王振昌,等.不同灌溉模式对水稻抗倒伏能力影响的试验研究[J].灌溉排水学报, 2017, 36(5):1-5.
[16]张喜娟,姜树坤,郑旭,等.水稻基部伸长节间性状与茎秆机械强度的相关分析和QTL定位[J].植物生理学通讯, 2009, 45(3):223-228.
[17]杨波,秦德荣,刘艳,等.超级稻连粳7号的抗倒伏机理[J].江苏农业学报, 2016, 32(6):1 212-1 218.
[18]杨惠杰,杨仁崔,李义珍,等.水稻茎秆性状与抗倒性的关系[J].福建农业学报, 2000, 15(2):1-7.
[19]张忠旭,陈温福,杨振玉,等.水稻抗倒伏能力与茎秆物理性状的关系及其对产量的影响[J].沈阳农业大学学报,1999(2):81-85.
[20]郝树荣,董博豪,周鹏,等.水分胁迫对超级稻生长发育和抗倒伏能力的影响[J].灌溉排水学报, 2018,37(9):1-8.
[21]赵黎明,李明,郑殿峰,等.灌溉方式与种植密度对寒地水稻产量及光合物质生产特性的影响[J].农业工程学报, 2015, 31(6):159-169.
[22]彭世彰,张正良,庞桂斌.控制灌溉条件下寒区水稻茎秆抗倒伏力学评价及成因分析[J].农业工程学报, 2009, 25(1):6-10.
[23]赵宏伟,田雪飞,于美芳,等.孕穗期干旱胁迫对寒地粳稻干物质积累、转运及产量形成影响[J].东北农业大学学报, 2016, 47(11):1-8.