致密油藏体积压裂水平井不稳定压力分析
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摘要
水平井结合体积压裂改造成为目前开发致密油藏的关键技术。考虑到致密油藏多尺度渗流(基质、天然裂缝和水力裂缝)及多种流动机理(启动压力梯度和应力敏感)相互耦合的复杂渗流过程,该文建立了综合考虑致密油藏启动压力梯度和应力敏感的体积压裂水平井不稳定压力分析模型。通过Laplace变换和摄动变换等求解得到了拉氏空间中的井底压力,应用Stehfest数值反演绘制了相应的压力动态响应曲线。研究结果表明:压力响应曲线可以划分为6个流动阶段,模型的退化结果与Ozkan模型一致,验证了该文模型的正确性,并在此基础上进行了影响因素分析。该文研究结果可为致密油藏体积压裂水平井的不稳定压力分析提供一定的理论依据。
Volume-fractured horizontal well has been proved to be an effective method to develop tight oil reservoirs. Considering the multi-scaled flows(matrix, natural fractures, hydraulic fractures) and complex seepage mechanisms(threshold pressure gradient, stress sensitivity) in tight reservoirs, this paper presents a mathematical model for pressure transient analysis of volume-fractured horizontal well in tight oil reservoirs, in which the effects of threshold pressure gradient and stress sensitivity are both taken into consideration. Laplace transformation and perturbation technique are employed to solve the model and the type curves of pressure response are plotted through Stehfest numerical inversion. The results show that the type curves can be divided into six flow periods. On the basis of model validation, some influential parameters are analyzed. The results summarized in this paper can provide theoretical basis for pressure transient analysis of volume-fractured horizontal well in tight oil reservoirs.
Volume-fractured horizontal well has been proved to be an effective method to develop tight oil reservoirs. Considering the multi-scaled flows(matrix, natural fractures, hydraulic fractures) and complex seepage mechanisms(threshold pressure gradient, stress sensitivity) in tight reservoirs, this paper presents a mathematical model for pressure transient analysis of volume-fractured horizontal well in tight oil reservoirs, in which the effects of threshold pressure gradient and stress sensitivity are both taken into consideration. Laplace transformation and perturbation technique are employed to solve the model and the type curves of pressure response are plotted through Stehfest numerical inversion. The results show that the type curves can be divided into six flow periods. On the basis of model validation, some influential parameters are analyzed. The results summarized in this paper can provide theoretical basis for pressure transient analysis of volume-fractured horizontal well in tight oil reservoirs.
引文
[1]苏玉亮,栾志安,张永高.变形介质油藏开发特征[J].石油学报,2000,21(2):51-55.SU Yu-liang,LUAN Zhi-an,ZHANG Yong-gao.A study on development characteristics for deformed reservoir[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2000,21(2):51-55.
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[14]苏玉亮,盛广龙,王文东,等.页岩气藏多重介质耦合流动模型[J].天然气工业,2016,36(2):52-59.SU Yu-liang,SHENG Guang-long,WANG Wen-dong,et al.A multi-media coupling flow model for shale gas reservoirs[J].Natural Gas Industry,2016,36(2):52-59.
[15]ZHANG L,GAO J,HU S,et al.Five-region flow model for MFHWs in dual porous shale gas reservoirs[J].Journal of Natural Gas Science&Engineering,2016,33:1316-1323.
[16]OZKAN E,BROWN M,RAGHAVAN R,et al.Comparison of fractured-horizontal-well performance in tight sand and shale reservoirs[J].SPE Reservoir Evaluation&Engineering,2011,14(2):248-259.
[17]BROHI I G,POOLADI-DARVISH M,AGUILERA R.Modeling fractured horizontal wells as dual porosity composite reservoirs application to tight gas,shale gas and tight oil cases[C].SPE Western North American Region Meeting,Alaska,USA,2011.
[18]PEDROSA O A.Pressure transient response in stress sensitive formations[C].SPE California Regional Meeting,Oakland,California,1986.
[19]同登科,陈钦雷.关于Laplace数值反演Stehfest方法的一点注记[J].石油学报,2001,22(6):91-92.TONG Deng-ke,CHEN Qin-lei.A note of laplace numerical inversion for Stehfest method.[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2001,22(6):91-92.
[2]LEI Q,XIONG W,YUAN J,et al.Behavior of flow through low-permeability reservoirs[C].Europec/EAGE Conference and Exhibition,Rome,Italy,2008.
[3]MAXWELL S C,URBANCIC T I,STEINSBERGER N,et al.Microseismic imaging of hydraulic fracture complexity in the barnett shale[C].SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition,San Antonio,Texas,2002.
[4]ZHOU W,BANERJEE R,POE B,et al.Semi-analytical production simulation of complex hydraulic fracture networks[C].SPE International Production and Operations Conference and Exhibition,Doha,Qatar,2012.
[5]CLARKSON C R.Production data analysis of unconventional gas wells:Review of theory and best practices[J].International Journal of Coal Geology,2013,109-110(2):101-146.
[6]MAYERHOFER M J,LOLON E,WARPINSKI N R,et al.What is stimulated reservoir volume?[J].SPE Production&Operations,2010,25(1):89-98.
[7]BROWN M,OZKAN E,RAGHAVAN R,et al.Practical solutions for pressure transient responses of fractured horizontal wells in unconventional reservoirs[C].SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition,Louisiana,USA,2009.
[8]MAXWELL S C.What does microseismicity tells us about hydraulic fractures[C].Canadian Unconventional Resources Conference,Calgary,Canada,2011.
[9]STALGOROVA E,MATTAR L.Analytical model for history matching and forecasting production in multifrac composite systems[C].SPE Canadian Unconventional Resources Conference,Calgary,Canada,2012.
[10]姚军,殷修杏,樊冬艳,等.低渗透油藏的压裂水平井三线性流试井模型[J].油气井测试,2011,20(5):1-5.YAO Jun,YIN Xiu-xing,FAN Dong-yan,et al.Trilinear flow well test model of fractured horizontal well in low permeability reservoir[J].Well Testing,2011,20(5):1-5.
[11]高杰,张烈辉,刘启国,等.页岩气藏压裂水平井三线性流试井模型研究[J].水动力学研究与进展,A辑,2014,29(1):108-113.GAO Jie,ZHANG Lie-hui,LIU Qi-guo,et al.Well test model of trilinear flow for fractured horizontal wells in shale gas reservoirs[J].Chinese Journal of Hydrodynamics,2014,29(1):108-113.
[12]苏玉亮,王文东,盛广龙.体积压裂水平井复合流动模型[J].石油学报,2014,35(3):504-510.SU Yu-liang,WANG Wen-dong,SHENG Guang-long.Compound flow model of volume fractured horizontal well[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2014,35(3):504-510.
[13]苏玉亮,王文东,周诗雨,等.体积压裂水平井三线性流模型与布缝策略[J].石油与天然气地质,2014,35(3):435-440.SU Yu-liang,WANG Wen-dong,ZHOU Shi-yu,et al.Trilinear flow model and fracture arrangement of volume-fractured horizontal well[J].Oil&Gas Geology,2014,35(3):435-440.
[14]苏玉亮,盛广龙,王文东,等.页岩气藏多重介质耦合流动模型[J].天然气工业,2016,36(2):52-59.SU Yu-liang,SHENG Guang-long,WANG Wen-dong,et al.A multi-media coupling flow model for shale gas reservoirs[J].Natural Gas Industry,2016,36(2):52-59.
[15]ZHANG L,GAO J,HU S,et al.Five-region flow model for MFHWs in dual porous shale gas reservoirs[J].Journal of Natural Gas Science&Engineering,2016,33:1316-1323.
[16]OZKAN E,BROWN M,RAGHAVAN R,et al.Comparison of fractured-horizontal-well performance in tight sand and shale reservoirs[J].SPE Reservoir Evaluation&Engineering,2011,14(2):248-259.
[17]BROHI I G,POOLADI-DARVISH M,AGUILERA R.Modeling fractured horizontal wells as dual porosity composite reservoirs application to tight gas,shale gas and tight oil cases[C].SPE Western North American Region Meeting,Alaska,USA,2011.
[18]PEDROSA O A.Pressure transient response in stress sensitive formations[C].SPE California Regional Meeting,Oakland,California,1986.
[19]同登科,陈钦雷.关于Laplace数值反演Stehfest方法的一点注记[J].石油学报,2001,22(6):91-92.TONG Deng-ke,CHEN Qin-lei.A note of laplace numerical inversion for Stehfest method.[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2001,22(6):91-92.