辽宁省2014—2017监测年度流感流行特征及变化趋势
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摘要
目的了解辽宁省2014—2017监测年度流感流行特征及变化趋势,为流感的预防控制提供参考依据。方法对从中国流感监测信息系统收集的辽宁省2014—2017年的流感样病例(ILI)监测数据及ILI暴发疫情数据进行统计学分析。结果辽宁省2014—2017年哨点医院共报告ILI病例573 768例,所在门急诊就诊病例16 034 584例,ILI病例占门急诊就诊病例的3.58%;3个监测年度报告的ILI%分别为3.99%、3.33%、3.48%。ILI以<15岁人群患病为主,为490 206例,占全部ILI病例的85.44%,其中0～4岁儿童所占比例最大(59.68%)。3年的平均分离阳性率分别为6.86%、6.85%、6.28%,每一年度优势毒株不同,优势株交替频繁,分别为H3N2型、By型、Bv型和甲型H1N1型。3个监测年度报告的暴发疫情分别为7起、3起、4起,暴发疫情多报告于冬春季(12起);主要发生在中小学(11起)。结论辽宁省流感仍为冬春季单一年度高峰模式,流感病毒多混合流行,优势毒株交替频繁;应加强对学校暴发疫情监测,并及时分析病毒的抗原性和基因特性变异情况。
Objective To examine prevalence characteristics and variation trend of influenza in Liaoning province between surveillance years of 2014 and 2017 and to provide references to influenza prevention and control. Methods We collected data on incidence and outbreak of influenza-like illness(ILI) cases reported in Liaoning province from 14 th week of 2014 to 13 th week of 2017 from China Influenza Surveillance Information System and conducted statistical analyses.Results The reported ILI cases accounted totally for 3.58% of all outpatient clinic visits(573 768 out of 16 034 584) during the period, with the yearly proportion of 3.39%, 3.33% and 3.48%. The reported ILI cases were mainly the people(n =490 206) under the age of 15 years, accounting for 85.44% of all ILI cases, of which 59.68% were small children aged 0 – 4 years. During the 3-year period, the yearly positive rate of influenza virus isolation were 6.86%, 6.85%, and 6.28%, with the dominant strain of H3 N2, By, Bv, and HIN1, respectively. There were 7, 3 and 4 outbreaks reported in each year of the period. The reported influenza outbreaks occurred mainly in winter(12 outbreaks) and in primary and secondary schools(11 outbreaks). Conclusion The influenza epidemics were prevalent in a single annual peak pattern in winter and spring in Liaoning province between surveillance years of 2014 and 2017, with multiple and alternated dominant virus strains. The results suggest that timely surveillance on school outbreak and on the variation of antigenicity and genetic characteristics of the virus should be enhanced.
Objective To examine prevalence characteristics and variation trend of influenza in Liaoning province between surveillance years of 2014 and 2017 and to provide references to influenza prevention and control. Methods We collected data on incidence and outbreak of influenza-like illness(ILI) cases reported in Liaoning province from 14 th week of 2014 to 13 th week of 2017 from China Influenza Surveillance Information System and conducted statistical analyses.Results The reported ILI cases accounted totally for 3.58% of all outpatient clinic visits(573 768 out of 16 034 584) during the period, with the yearly proportion of 3.39%, 3.33% and 3.48%. The reported ILI cases were mainly the people(n =490 206) under the age of 15 years, accounting for 85.44% of all ILI cases, of which 59.68% were small children aged 0 – 4 years. During the 3-year period, the yearly positive rate of influenza virus isolation were 6.86%, 6.85%, and 6.28%, with the dominant strain of H3 N2, By, Bv, and HIN1, respectively. There were 7, 3 and 4 outbreaks reported in each year of the period. The reported influenza outbreaks occurred mainly in winter(12 outbreaks) and in primary and secondary schools(11 outbreaks). Conclusion The influenza epidemics were prevalent in a single annual peak pattern in winter and spring in Liaoning province between surveillance years of 2014 and 2017, with multiple and alternated dominant virus strains. The results suggest that timely surveillance on school outbreak and on the variation of antigenicity and genetic characteristics of the virus should be enhanced.
引文
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[2]中华人民共和国卫生部.全国流感监测方案(2010年版)[J].国际呼吸杂志, 2011, 31(2):85–88.
[3]中华人民共和国卫生部.流感样病例暴发疫情处置指南(2012年版)[EB/OL].(2012–11–05)[2018–07–08]. http://www.nhfpc.gov.cn/zwgkzt/wsbysj/201211/76180326406a4f07a593523f4eb59d72.shtml.
[4]中国国家流感中心.中国疾病预防控制中心关于印发全国流感监测技术指南的通知[EB/OL].(2010–09–03)[2018–07–08]. http://www.chinaivdc.cn/cnic/zyzx/jcfa/201605/t20160520_129694.htm.
[5]高燕,方立群,张勇,等.中国大陆季节性流感活动的时空分布特征[J].中华流行病学杂志, 2009, 30(11):1097–1101.
[6]舒畅,石鑫,冷焱,等.黑龙江省2012—2016年度流感监测分析[J].中国公共卫生管理, 2010, 21(1):500–502.
[7]赵庆龙,薛亚东,李美娜,等. 2014—2016年吉林省流感流行特征及变化趋势分析[J].热带病与寄生虫学,2017,15(4):197–199.
[8]韩光跃,李岩,刘艳芳,等.河北省2014年—2015年流感监测结果分析[J].中国卫生检验杂志, 2016, 26(14):2078–2084.
[9]孙佰红,王璐璐,于伟,等.辽宁省2010—2014年流感流行特征及变化趋势[J].中国公共卫生, 2016, 32(1):45–47.
[10]Nguyen HL, Saito R, Ngiem HK, et al. Epidemiology of influenza inHanoi,Vietnam,from2001to2003[J].JInfect,2007,55(1):58–63.
[11]Thompson WW, Shay DK, Weintraub E, et al. Mortality associated withinfluenzaandrespiratorysyncytialvirusintheUnited States[J]. JAMA, 2003, 289(2):179–186.
[12]冯录召,杨鹏,张涛,等.中国季节性流感疫苗应用技术指南(2014—2015)[J].中华流行病学杂志, 2014, 35(12):1295–1319.