挑战白人笔下梅蒂斯人刻板形象——以《混血儿》、《寻找四月雨树》为例
|
摘要
加拿大土著民族梅蒂斯作家坎贝尔的《混血儿》和柯乐藤的《寻找四月雨树》是本土作家自传体小说的代表作,作品是被殖民女性由边缘向主流社会发出的反抗强音。本文拟从后殖民主义理论中刻板形象这一重要概念入手,探讨作品中殖民者对梅蒂斯民族所形成的刻板形象及对其身心影响,同时分析作品主人公如何在夹缝中生存,通过后殖民抵抗话语挑战白人社会对梅蒂斯人的刻板形象。她们的后殖民抵抗话语在一定程度上颠覆和消解了主流社会中对梅蒂斯混血民族的种族歧视,也有利于梅蒂斯民族觉醒,身份重构。
Aboriginal Métis writers Campbell's Halfbreedand Culleton's In Search of April Raintree are two representative Canadian aboriginal autobiographical novels,written by colonized women from the edge to demonstrate their resistance to the mainstream society.This paper starts from the concept of stereotyping in postcolonial theory,discusses Métis' stereotypes described by colonizers and the physical and psychological effects on Métis people,analyzes how the protagonist survives in in-between situations and challenges Métis stereotypes of white colonial discourse through resistance.Their post-colonial resistance to a certain extent,subverts and deconstructs the racial discrimination from the mainstream society,but also is conducive to the awakening of the ethnics and reconstruction of their identity.
Aboriginal Métis writers Campbell's Halfbreedand Culleton's In Search of April Raintree are two representative Canadian aboriginal autobiographical novels,written by colonized women from the edge to demonstrate their resistance to the mainstream society.This paper starts from the concept of stereotyping in postcolonial theory,discusses Métis' stereotypes described by colonizers and the physical and psychological effects on Métis people,analyzes how the protagonist survives in in-between situations and challenges Métis stereotypes of white colonial discourse through resistance.Their post-colonial resistance to a certain extent,subverts and deconstructs the racial discrimination from the mainstream society,but also is conducive to the awakening of the ethnics and reconstruction of their identity.
引文
[1]Edgar,Andrew and Peter Sedgwick.Key Concepts in Cultural Theory[M].New York:Routledge,2004:380.
[2]Childs,Peter and William,Patrick.An Introduction to Postcolonial Theory[M].London:Prentice Hall,1997:125.
[3]阿特伍德.可以吃的女人[M].刘凯芳,译.上海:上海译文出版社,1999:75-103.
[4]丁杰,马小骥.加拿大白人作家劳伦斯和阿特伍德作品中对土著形象的刻画[J].校园英语,2014(11):251-252.
[5]丁杰.解析“玛纳瓦卡”小说梅蒂斯人的边缘生存[J].短篇小说,2012(8):54-55.
[6]丁杰.皮格特极端交际取向的共文化视阈[J].学术交流,2012(4):186-188.
[7]任一鸣.后殖民:批评理论与文学[M].北京:外语教学与研究出版社,2008:245.
[8]胡春兰.身份的缺失与重建[D].西安:陕西师范大学,2008.
[9]Culleton Mosionier,Beatrice.“The Special Time.”In Search of April Raintree.Ed.Cheryl Suzack[M].Winnipeg:Portage&Main Press,1999:248.
[10]Culleton Mosionier,Beatrice.In Search of April Raintree.1983.Critical edition.Ed.Cheryl Suzack[M].Winnipeg:Portage&Main Press,1991.
[11]Culleton Mosionier,Beatrice.Interview with Andrew Garrod.Speaking for Myself:Canadian writers in Interview[M].Ed.Andrew Garrod.St Johns:Breakwater,1986:81.
[12]王常福.美洲、大洋洲卷加拿大——“枫叶之国”[M].北京:军事谊文出版社,1995:29.
[13]Culleton Mosionier,Beatrice."Images of Native People and their Effects"[J].School Libraries in Canada,1987(7):47-52.
[14]Redbird,Duke.We Are Métis:A Métis View of the Development of a Native Canadian People[M].Willowdale:Ontario Métis&Non Status Indian Association,1980:30,54-56.
[15]马伟华.认同与自省:文化自觉视野下的非物质文化遗产保护问题研究综述[J].广西师范学院学报:哲学社会科学版,2016(1):25-29.
[16]陆鹏,廖丽梅.文化多样性与民族区域自治制度包容性发展[J].广西师范学院学报:哲学社会科学版,2016(5):62-66.
[17]陈沛照.论我国多民族国家的价值认同[J].广西师范学院学报:哲学社会科学版,2016(3):72-76.
[18]赵旭东.“一带一路”遭遇文化转型:兼论人类学在走向世界之中的优势发展地位[J].广西师范学院学报:哲学社会科学版,2016(3):41-47.
[2]Childs,Peter and William,Patrick.An Introduction to Postcolonial Theory[M].London:Prentice Hall,1997:125.
[3]阿特伍德.可以吃的女人[M].刘凯芳,译.上海:上海译文出版社,1999:75-103.
[4]丁杰,马小骥.加拿大白人作家劳伦斯和阿特伍德作品中对土著形象的刻画[J].校园英语,2014(11):251-252.
[5]丁杰.解析“玛纳瓦卡”小说梅蒂斯人的边缘生存[J].短篇小说,2012(8):54-55.
[6]丁杰.皮格特极端交际取向的共文化视阈[J].学术交流,2012(4):186-188.
[7]任一鸣.后殖民:批评理论与文学[M].北京:外语教学与研究出版社,2008:245.
[8]胡春兰.身份的缺失与重建[D].西安:陕西师范大学,2008.
[9]Culleton Mosionier,Beatrice.“The Special Time.”In Search of April Raintree.Ed.Cheryl Suzack[M].Winnipeg:Portage&Main Press,1999:248.
[10]Culleton Mosionier,Beatrice.In Search of April Raintree.1983.Critical edition.Ed.Cheryl Suzack[M].Winnipeg:Portage&Main Press,1991.
[11]Culleton Mosionier,Beatrice.Interview with Andrew Garrod.Speaking for Myself:Canadian writers in Interview[M].Ed.Andrew Garrod.St Johns:Breakwater,1986:81.
[12]王常福.美洲、大洋洲卷加拿大——“枫叶之国”[M].北京:军事谊文出版社,1995:29.
[13]Culleton Mosionier,Beatrice."Images of Native People and their Effects"[J].School Libraries in Canada,1987(7):47-52.
[14]Redbird,Duke.We Are Métis:A Métis View of the Development of a Native Canadian People[M].Willowdale:Ontario Métis&Non Status Indian Association,1980:30,54-56.
[15]马伟华.认同与自省:文化自觉视野下的非物质文化遗产保护问题研究综述[J].广西师范学院学报:哲学社会科学版,2016(1):25-29.
[16]陆鹏,廖丽梅.文化多样性与民族区域自治制度包容性发展[J].广西师范学院学报:哲学社会科学版,2016(5):62-66.
[17]陈沛照.论我国多民族国家的价值认同[J].广西师范学院学报:哲学社会科学版,2016(3):72-76.
[18]赵旭东.“一带一路”遭遇文化转型:兼论人类学在走向世界之中的优势发展地位[J].广西师范学院学报:哲学社会科学版,2016(3):41-47.