广州工业建筑遗产研究
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摘要
广州是华南地区的工业中心,在我国工业史中占有重要地位,是中国工业的诞生地、近代民族工业的发源地、现代工业体制改革的先行地,诞生了中国造船工业、飞机制造业、橡胶工业、甘蔗制糖工业、火柴制造业,在工业产品、技术引进、制度改革等方面占据了多项全国第一。本文第一部分梳理了广州工业发展的历史脉络,归纳了其在产业结构、所有制类型、技术革新方面的总体特征。通过实地调研、资料收集,整理了157处广州潜在的工业遗产,根据遗产现状、行业类型、建筑风格和建筑结构4个层面进行分类整理,为理论研究奠定基础。第二部分从自然、社会、文化3个层面挖掘广州工业建筑遗产的地域性特征,指出广州工业遗产适应亚热带环境气候特征、符合"开风气之先"的社会风气以及体现务实文化精神的岭南特色。根据地域性研究分析目前广州工业建筑遗产的价值评价体系,建议增加独特性、稀缺性两项评价指标,提出文物保护类、保护利用类、更新改造类、一般性遗存4个保护梯度,并指出相应的保护利用措施。第三部分重点研究广州工业建筑遗产与城市之间的关系,通过分析广州工业遗产的空间分布特征指出工业发展与城市规划、城市建设、运输系统的内在联系,明确工业遗产对城市发展的重要意义。城市更新方面,通过研究广州"旧厂房"改造的相关政策及工业遗产的保护机制,提出完善研究体系、扩展利用途径、增强社会参与的保护建议。第四部分针对广州工业遗产的利用与保护进行深入研究。以广州工业遗产保护利用的相关实践为研究基础,通过比较分析指出广州工业遗产在文化产业、主题性、资金、政策方面的利用优势,以及存在重复建设、资源浪费、商业化严重、政策不明确的现实问题。从总体规划、空间改造、立面设计、景观改造四个层面研究广州工业遗产的改造设计方法,并通过案例分析进行阐释说明。保护研究方面,分别从规划、保护、利用、更新4种类型选取相关案例,分析不同梯度工业建筑遗产的保护策略及研究方法。提出广州工业建筑遗产的保护利用需要在价值评估的基础上,以利于城市发展为根本目的,结合区域环境需求,最大限度的发挥其遗产价值与使用价值。
Guangzhou is the industrial center of South China which occupies great position in Chinese industrial history. It's the birthplace of Chinese industry, the headstream of modern national industry and the forerunner of modern industrial system reform. Variety of industries born in Guangzhou, including shipbuilding, aircraft industry, rubber, Cane sugar. Moreover, Guangzhou takes the first place in industrial products, technology acquisition, institutional reform and some other aspects. In the first section, this thesis analyzes the historical development of industry in Guangzhou and concludes its overall characteristics of industrial structure, ownership pattern, technology innovation and so on. Through field research and data collection, 157 potential industrial heritages are sorted out and conducted in four layers according to their current situations, industrial types, construction styles and building structures, which will lay foundations for the theory study. The second section probes in the regional features of industrial heritages in Guangzhou from three aspects: nature, society and culture, which points that Guangzhou industrial heritages adapt to subtropical climate, environment features, conform to the "trend-setting" social morality and show the pragmatic cultural spirit of Ling Nan. Based on the regional study, this thesis suggests adding two assessment indicators: uniqueness and scarcity,which analyzing the present value evaluating system of Guangzhou industrial building heritages,in addition, brings out four protection levels: cultural relics protection, protection and utilization, modification and application, general remains, furthermore which points out the relevant protecting and applying measures.The third section focuses on studying the relationship between construction heritages and city. It indicates the internal connections among industrial development and urban planning, urban construction as well as transportation system through analyzing the spatial distribution characteristics of Guangzhou industrial heritages, and points out clearly the industrial heritages have great significance to the city development. What's more, this section also analyzes the relevant policy on reconstruction of the "old factory" in Guangzhou and brings out some protective suggestions, including completing research system, broadening the utilizing methods and strengthening social participants.The fourth section conducts a deep study on the renovation, utilization and protection of the industrial heritages in Guangzhou. Based on the relevant practice of Guangzhou industrial heritages protection, and through comparing analysis, this section points out the advantages of Guangzhou industrial heritages on making use of cultural industry, topicality, fund and policy, in the meantime, it also reveals the existing problems of repeated construction, waste of resources, severe commercialization and obscure policy. Besides, this section studies the renovation methods of Guangzhou industrial heritages from four levels: overall planning, space transformation, facade design, landscape transformation, and makes illustrations by case studies. It selects protective cases through four layers including planning, protection, utilization and renewal to discover protective strategies and research methods of different industrial heritages. Moreover, it also proposes that the protective utilization of Guangzhou industrial heritages should base on the value evaluating foundation and serve the city development, in the meanwhile, take the environmental needs into consideration and try to make full use of the heritage value and use value of the heritages.
Guangzhou is the industrial center of South China which occupies great position in Chinese industrial history. It's the birthplace of Chinese industry, the headstream of modern national industry and the forerunner of modern industrial system reform. Variety of industries born in Guangzhou, including shipbuilding, aircraft industry, rubber, Cane sugar. Moreover, Guangzhou takes the first place in industrial products, technology acquisition, institutional reform and some other aspects. In the first section, this thesis analyzes the historical development of industry in Guangzhou and concludes its overall characteristics of industrial structure, ownership pattern, technology innovation and so on. Through field research and data collection, 157 potential industrial heritages are sorted out and conducted in four layers according to their current situations, industrial types, construction styles and building structures, which will lay foundations for the theory study. The second section probes in the regional features of industrial heritages in Guangzhou from three aspects: nature, society and culture, which points that Guangzhou industrial heritages adapt to subtropical climate, environment features, conform to the "trend-setting" social morality and show the pragmatic cultural spirit of Ling Nan. Based on the regional study, this thesis suggests adding two assessment indicators: uniqueness and scarcity,which analyzing the present value evaluating system of Guangzhou industrial building heritages,in addition, brings out four protection levels: cultural relics protection, protection and utilization, modification and application, general remains, furthermore which points out the relevant protecting and applying measures.The third section focuses on studying the relationship between construction heritages and city. It indicates the internal connections among industrial development and urban planning, urban construction as well as transportation system through analyzing the spatial distribution characteristics of Guangzhou industrial heritages, and points out clearly the industrial heritages have great significance to the city development. What's more, this section also analyzes the relevant policy on reconstruction of the "old factory" in Guangzhou and brings out some protective suggestions, including completing research system, broadening the utilizing methods and strengthening social participants.The fourth section conducts a deep study on the renovation, utilization and protection of the industrial heritages in Guangzhou. Based on the relevant practice of Guangzhou industrial heritages protection, and through comparing analysis, this section points out the advantages of Guangzhou industrial heritages on making use of cultural industry, topicality, fund and policy, in the meantime, it also reveals the existing problems of repeated construction, waste of resources, severe commercialization and obscure policy. Besides, this section studies the renovation methods of Guangzhou industrial heritages from four levels: overall planning, space transformation, facade design, landscape transformation, and makes illustrations by case studies. It selects protective cases through four layers including planning, protection, utilization and renewal to discover protective strategies and research methods of different industrial heritages. Moreover, it also proposes that the protective utilization of Guangzhou industrial heritages should base on the value evaluating foundation and serve the city development, in the meanwhile, take the environmental needs into consideration and try to make full use of the heritage value and use value of the heritages.
引文