水氮耦合条件下打瓜产量及耗水性的模糊综合评判
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摘要
研究水氮耦合对打瓜产量和水分利用效率的影响,以选择适宜的灌溉定额。设置3个不同灌水定额(300、450、600 m~3·hm~(-2))和3个不同施氮量(0、138、276 kg·hm~(-2))共9个组合,研究水氮耦合对打瓜产量和水分利用效率影响的同时,利用基于层次分析法(AHP)的模糊综合评价,对各指标进行综合分析。结果表明:当灌水定额增加300 m~3·hm~(-2)、施氮量增加276 kg·hm~(-2),打瓜产量和水分利用效率分别增加1 416.7 kg·hm~(-2)和5.24 kg·hm~(-2)·mm~(-1),即打瓜产量和水分利用效率随着灌水定额和施氮量的增大而增加;当灌水定额从450 m~3·hm~(-2)增加到600 m~3·hm~(-2)、施氮量从138 kg·hm~(-2)增加到276 kg·hm~(-2),打瓜产量减少178.9 kg·hm~(-2),即水肥量继续增加则产量下降;灌水定额450 m~3·hm~(-2)(W2)和施氮量138 kg·hm~(-2)(N2)时,组合产量和WUE分别为2 582.9 kg·hm~(-2)和10.91 kg·hm~(-2)·mm~(-1),节水增产效果最佳;该组合的模糊综合评价亦为最优,与大田试验分析结果一致。
The effects of water-nitrogen coupling on yield and water use efficiency of seeding-watermelon were stadied, and the suitable irrigation system was selected. Three different irrigation quotas(300, 450 m~3·hm~(-2) and 600 m~3·hm~(-2)) and three different nitrogen application rates(0, 138 kg·hm~(-2) and 276 kg·hm~(-2)) were set in 9 combinations. At the same time, the indexes were comprehensively analyzed by using the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method based on analytic hierarchy process(AHP). The results showed that when irrigation quota increased by 300 m~3·hm~(-2) and nitrogen application increased by 276 kg·hm~(-2), the yield and water use efficiency of watermelon increased by 1 416.7 kg·hm~(-2) and 5.24 kg·hm~(-2)·mm~(-1), respectively. That is to say, the yield and water use efficiency increased with the increase of irrigation quota and nitrogen application rate. When irrigation quota increased from 450 m~3·hm~(-2) to 600 m~3·hm~(-2) and nitrogen application increased from 138 kg·hm~(-2) to 276 kg·hm~(-2), the yield of watermelon decreased by 178.9 kg·hm~(-2), taht is, the yield decreased with the increase of water and fertilizer application. The yield and WUE of irrigation quota 450 m~3·hm~(-2)(W2) and nitrogen application 138 kg·hm~(-2)(N2) combination were 2 582.9 kg·hm~(-2) and 10.91 kg·hm~(-2)·mm~(-1), respectively. The water saving and yield increasing of W2 N2 was the best, and the fuzzy evaluation of W2 N2 was also the highest, which was consistent with the results of field experiments.
The effects of water-nitrogen coupling on yield and water use efficiency of seeding-watermelon were stadied, and the suitable irrigation system was selected. Three different irrigation quotas(300, 450 m~3·hm~(-2) and 600 m~3·hm~(-2)) and three different nitrogen application rates(0, 138 kg·hm~(-2) and 276 kg·hm~(-2)) were set in 9 combinations. At the same time, the indexes were comprehensively analyzed by using the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method based on analytic hierarchy process(AHP). The results showed that when irrigation quota increased by 300 m~3·hm~(-2) and nitrogen application increased by 276 kg·hm~(-2), the yield and water use efficiency of watermelon increased by 1 416.7 kg·hm~(-2) and 5.24 kg·hm~(-2)·mm~(-1), respectively. That is to say, the yield and water use efficiency increased with the increase of irrigation quota and nitrogen application rate. When irrigation quota increased from 450 m~3·hm~(-2) to 600 m~3·hm~(-2) and nitrogen application increased from 138 kg·hm~(-2) to 276 kg·hm~(-2), the yield of watermelon decreased by 178.9 kg·hm~(-2), taht is, the yield decreased with the increase of water and fertilizer application. The yield and WUE of irrigation quota 450 m~3·hm~(-2)(W2) and nitrogen application 138 kg·hm~(-2)(N2) combination were 2 582.9 kg·hm~(-2) and 10.91 kg·hm~(-2)·mm~(-1), respectively. The water saving and yield increasing of W2 N2 was the best, and the fuzzy evaluation of W2 N2 was also the highest, which was consistent with the results of field experiments.
引文
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[3] 蒋德莉,任志强,田宇,等.铺膜铺管气吸式打瓜精量播种机的设计[J].新疆农机化,2016,(6):8-11.
[4] 何英.干旱区典型流域水资源优化配置研究[D].乌鲁木齐:新疆农业大学,2010.
[5] 田龙,李锡铜,邝海菊.基于农业用水的新疆水资源利用策略研究[J].山西科技,2017,(5):21-24.
[6] 李秀青.农业可持续发展中土壤肥料相关问题分析[J].河南农业,2017,(17):30-32.
[7] 吾尔曼·特尔德别克.新疆地区提高肥料利用率的有效措施[J].农业工程技术,2017,37(20):45.
[8] 马振,胡斌,陈永,等.联合作业打瓜取籽机关键部件的设计与研究[J].农机化研究,2017,39(7):121-124.
[9] 钟芹,陈国刚.打瓜籽蛋白功能特性的分析研究[J].农产品加工,2015,(4):46-50.
[10] 郑庆伟.打瓜白粉病的发生原因及防治建议[J].农药市场信息,2013,(20):40.
[11] 林彦宇,徐丹.基于模糊综合评判法的稻作水肥耦合综合评价[J].黑龙江水利,2015,(1):39-41.
[12] 韩丙芳,田军仓,李应海,等.宁夏灌区不同水肥处理对膜上灌玉米性状影响的模糊评判[J].灌溉排水学报,2005,24(4):29-32.
[13] 康洁,张维江,李娟,等.TRIME-T3管式TDR土壤水分测定系统在宁夏泾源地区的标定研究[J].宁夏工程技术,2015,14(2):146-148.
[14] 迟道才.灌溉排水工程学[M].北京:中国水利水电出版社,2010:48-49.
[15] 艾鹏睿,赵经华,马英杰,等.不同灌水定额下北疆地区滴灌打瓜耗水规律的研究[J].节水灌溉,2016,(11):39-43.
[16] 赵艳龙,熊兰,徐敏捷,等.基于模糊层次分析法的干式变压器运行状态综合评估[J].重庆理工大学学报,2013,27(4):60-67.
[17] 黄鑫,陈桂明,游园.模糊综合评判法在能力评价中的应用[J].兵器装备工程学报,2010,31(7):131-132.
[18] 文冶强,杨健,尚松浩.基于双作物系数法的干旱区覆膜农田耗水及水量平衡分析[J].农业工程学报,2017,33(1):138-147.
[19] 汪顺生,刘东鑫,孟鹏涛,等.不同种植模式冬小麦产量与耗水量的模糊综合评判[J].农业工程学报,2016,32(1):161-166.
[20] 邢英英,张富仓,张燕,等.膜下滴灌水肥耦合促进番茄养分吸收及生长[J].农业工程学报,2014,30(21):70-80.
[21] 中国农业科学院郑州果树研究所.中国西瓜甜瓜[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2000:91-103.
[22] 王力,孙兆军,焦炳忠,等.不同灌溉定额及施氮量对西瓜产量及水分利用效率的影响[J].中国农村水利水电,2017,(7):18-21.
[23] 岳文俊,张富仓,李志军,等.水氮耦合对甜瓜氮素吸收与土壤硝态氮累积的影响[J].农业机械学报,2015,46(2):88-96.
[24] 桑艳朋.膜下滴灌条件下甜瓜田间需水规律的研究[D].石河子:石河子大学,2005.