4 HJZ-4 A花生捡拾摘果机设计与试验
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摘要
花生作为一种油料作物和经济作物,在我国被大量种植,长期以来收获过程都是依靠人力,机械化程度较低。近年来,随着人工成本的不断上升,花生的机械化收获已经成为制约花生生产发展的一个重要阻碍。为此,设计了一种花生捡拾摘果机,由弹齿式捡拾装置、二级轴流摘果滚筒、双层振动筛及集果升运器等组成,可以较好地完成花生的捡拾、摘果、清选等作业。田间试验表明:该机在标准试验条件下能较好地完成作业,总损失率为2.3%,破碎率为1.3%,果荚含杂率为3.7%,均符合花生收获国家行业标准(NY/T 2204-2012),满足实际生产要求。本研究为花生机收提供了一种新的机型。
As an oilseed and cash crop,peanuts are planted for large quantities in our country. For a long time,the harvesting process depends on human labor and the degree of mechanization is low. However,with the continuous increase of labor costs in recent years,the mechanization of peanut harvest has become an important obstacle to the development of peanut production. Therefore,design a peanut picking and picking harvester. It consists of a pick-toothed pick-up device,layer vibrating screen and collecting device and other components. Peanut can be better finish picking,picking peanut,cleaning and other functions. The field experiment shows that the machine can finish the work under the standard test conditions with the total loss rate of 2. 3%,the breaking rate of 1. 3% and the pod impurity rate of 3. 7%,all meeting the national industrial standards of peanut harvesting( NY/T 2204-2012) to meet the actual production requirements,reducing the labor input,enhance economic efficiency,and provide a new type of machine for collecting peanuts.
As an oilseed and cash crop,peanuts are planted for large quantities in our country. For a long time,the harvesting process depends on human labor and the degree of mechanization is low. However,with the continuous increase of labor costs in recent years,the mechanization of peanut harvest has become an important obstacle to the development of peanut production. Therefore,design a peanut picking and picking harvester. It consists of a pick-toothed pick-up device,layer vibrating screen and collecting device and other components. Peanut can be better finish picking,picking peanut,cleaning and other functions. The field experiment shows that the machine can finish the work under the standard test conditions with the total loss rate of 2. 3%,the breaking rate of 1. 3% and the pod impurity rate of 3. 7%,all meeting the national industrial standards of peanut harvesting( NY/T 2204-2012) to meet the actual production requirements,reducing the labor input,enhance economic efficiency,and provide a new type of machine for collecting peanuts.
引文
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[16]邬大江.TQLZ振动筛在小麦清理中的应用及其结构优化的探讨[J].粮食与食品工业,2014,21(4):27-30.
[2]孙庆卫,王延耀,徐志瑞,等.花生分段收获机的应用现状及进展分析[J].农机化研究,2012,34(1):234-238.
[3]高连兴,刘维维,刘志侠,等.我国花生起收机概念与结构特点分析[J].中国农机化学报,2014,35(4):64-68.
[4]杨然兵.4HQL-2型花生联合收获机主要装置的设计与实验研究[D].沈阳:沈阳农业大学,2009.
[5]王东伟.4HJL-2型花生捡拾摘果联合收获机的设计与试验[D].沈阳:沈阳农业大学,2013.
[6]高连兴,陈中玉,Charles Chen,等.美国花生收获机械化技术衍变历程及对中国的启示[J].农业工程学报,2017,33(6):1-9.
[7]许涛,沈永哲,高连兴,等.基于两段收获的弹齿式花生捡拾机构研究[J].农业机械学报,2016(3):90-111.
[8]许大兴,杨建明.卧式轴流脱粒分离装置研究[J].农业机械学报,1984(9):57-66.
[9]李耀明,贾毕清,徐立章,等.纵轴流联合收割机切流脱粒分离装置的研制与试验[J].农业机械学报,2009,25(12):93-96.
[10]袁琦堡,师清翔,王国欣,等.短程高强度横向轴流脱粒装置参数优化[J].农业机械学报,2011(11):44-47.
[11]易克传,张新伟,沈永哲,等.含水率对花生脱壳及花生仁破损力学性质的影响[J].扬州大学学报,2013(9):65-69.
[12]唐蓓,卢泽民.花生联合收获机清选装置试验研究[J].农机化研究,2016,38(3):191-195.
[13]高连兴,张文,杜鑫,等.花生脱壳机脱出物的漂浮系数试验[J].农业工程学报,2012,28(2):289-292.
[14]王瑞星,田瑞.离心风机气动设计流量的选择[J].风机技术,2011(4):9-12.
[15]张日红,朱立学.花生联合收获机清选系统振动筛运动仿真分析[J].仲恺农业工程学院学报,2010(12):39-41.
[16]邬大江.TQLZ振动筛在小麦清理中的应用及其结构优化的探讨[J].粮食与食品工业,2014,21(4):27-30.