四川温江公园苔藓植物多样性及微生境调查研究
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摘要
【目的】研究四川温江公园苔藓植物的多样性及其生长的微生境特征,并对不同基质的理化性质进行定量研究,以期比较该地区苔藓植物生长环境的差异,为城市苔藓植物的多样性和微生境研究提供参考。【方法】采用典型样方调查法,对样方内苔藓植物的多样性、7种微生境的环境特征、基质理化性质进行测定。【结果】研究区域内苔藓植物共13科18属19种。土生种类最多,石生种类次之,树生种类最少;优势科为丛藓科(Pottiaceae)、羽藓科(Thuidaceae),优势种为大羽藓(Thuidium cymbifolium)、密枝细羽藓(Crytohypnum tamariscellum)、葫芦藓(Funaria hygrometrica)和大灰藓(Hypnum plumaeforme);7种微生境下苔藓植物的盖度依岩石、疏林草坪、溪边湿地、林地、灌木草坪、草坪和树附生次序降低,物种的丰富度为:岩石>溪边湿地=树附生>林地>疏林草坪=灌木草坪>草坪;疏林草坪、溪边湿地、林地、灌木草坪营养元素含量较高,草坪微量元素Fe、Mn、Cu和Zn含量高,岩石交换性Ca、Mg含量高,树附生基质理化性质较稳定。【结论】四川温江公园苔藓种类丰富,土生、石生藓种类突出。在苔藓生长的微生境中,除坡度、光照、凋落物厚度和人为干扰等影响因子外,基质的理化性质也是影响苔藓生长情况的决定因素。综上所述,岩石、溪边湿地、林地、疏林草坪利于苔藓生长。
[Purpose]This research focused on the diversity and microhabitat characteristics of bryophytes in Wenjiang Park in Sichuan Province. In order to compare the differences in the growth environment of bryophytes in the area, the physical and chemical properties of different matrices were studied quantitatively. This research could provide a reference for the study of the diversity and microhabitat of bryophytes in other urban areas.[Methods]The diversity, microhabitat characteristics of 7 types and soil physicochemical properties of bryophytes were measured and investigated by means of typical sampling plot methods.[Results]There are 13 families, 18 genera and 19 species in this area, and the autochthonous species is dominated, followed by lithophytes and epiphytic. The dominant bryophytes families are Pottiaceae, Thuidiaceae, and the dominant species are Thuidium cymbifolium, Cryto-hypnum tamariscellum, Funaria hygrometrica and Hypnum plumaeforme. The rank of species cover degree is rock, open forest lawn, wetland, forest land, scrubland, lawn and epiphytic, and the rank of species richness is rock, wetland, epiphytic, forest land, open forest lawn, scrubland and lawn. The soil nutrient elements of open forest lawn, wetland, forest land and scrubland were high, however, trace elements of Fe, Mn, Cu and Zn were high in lawn, exchangeable Ca and Mg were high in rock, and the physicochemical properties of epiphytic were stable.[ Conclusions] The bryophytes of Wenjiang Park in Sichuan are various, and the types of autochthonous bryophytes and lithophytes are in higher proportion. In addition to the environmental factors of slope, illumination, litter thickness and human disturbance of microhabitats, the substrates physicochemical property is also the decisive factor affecting the growth and quality of the bryophytes. Above all, bryophytes in wetland, rock, forest land, open forest lawn grows well.
[Purpose]This research focused on the diversity and microhabitat characteristics of bryophytes in Wenjiang Park in Sichuan Province. In order to compare the differences in the growth environment of bryophytes in the area, the physical and chemical properties of different matrices were studied quantitatively. This research could provide a reference for the study of the diversity and microhabitat of bryophytes in other urban areas.[Methods]The diversity, microhabitat characteristics of 7 types and soil physicochemical properties of bryophytes were measured and investigated by means of typical sampling plot methods.[Results]There are 13 families, 18 genera and 19 species in this area, and the autochthonous species is dominated, followed by lithophytes and epiphytic. The dominant bryophytes families are Pottiaceae, Thuidiaceae, and the dominant species are Thuidium cymbifolium, Cryto-hypnum tamariscellum, Funaria hygrometrica and Hypnum plumaeforme. The rank of species cover degree is rock, open forest lawn, wetland, forest land, scrubland, lawn and epiphytic, and the rank of species richness is rock, wetland, epiphytic, forest land, open forest lawn, scrubland and lawn. The soil nutrient elements of open forest lawn, wetland, forest land and scrubland were high, however, trace elements of Fe, Mn, Cu and Zn were high in lawn, exchangeable Ca and Mg were high in rock, and the physicochemical properties of epiphytic were stable.[ Conclusions] The bryophytes of Wenjiang Park in Sichuan are various, and the types of autochthonous bryophytes and lithophytes are in higher proportion. In addition to the environmental factors of slope, illumination, litter thickness and human disturbance of microhabitats, the substrates physicochemical property is also the decisive factor affecting the growth and quality of the bryophytes. Above all, bryophytes in wetland, rock, forest land, open forest lawn grows well.
引文
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[27]邓小华,杨丽丽,周米良,等.湘西喀斯特区植烟土壤速效钾含量分布及影响因素[J].山地学报,2013,31(5):519.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1008-2786.2013.05.002.
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[32]陆安祥,王纪华,马智宏,等.不同土地利用类型下氮、磷在土壤剖面中的分布特征研究[C]//农业部环境监测总站.全国耕地土壤污染监测与评价技术研讨会论文集.海拉尔,2006.
[33]傅海平,常硕其,刘红艳,等.茶园土壤交换性钙镁含量、分布特征及与速效钾的关系[J].中国茶叶,2013,35(3):14.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1000-3150.2013.03.006.
[2]何强.都江堰地区藓类植物区系研究[D].北京:首都师范大学,2005.
[3]黄玉茜.四川苔类植物的初步研究Ⅰ-金佛山苔类植物研究[D].济南:山东师范大学,2005.
[4]裴林英.峨眉山藓类植物区系的研究[D].济南:山东师范大学,2006.
[5]王长宝,张武,何兴金.四川小寨子沟自然保护区苔藓植物资源调查分析[J].中国野生植物资源,2007,26(5):35.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1006-9690.2007.05.009.
[6]王玲,郑荣周,何飞,等.四川西部地区苔藓植物区系研究[J].四川林业科技,2009,30(1):18.DOI:10.3969/j.is sn.1003-5508.2009.01.003.
[7]李祖凰.四川省贡嘎山藓类植物区系地理与群落研究[D].上海:上海师范大学,2012.
[8]徐杰,白学良,哈斯巴根,等.鄂尔多斯地区不同生境类型对苔藓植物多样性和丰富度的影响[J].内蒙古师大学报(自然科学汉文版),2007,36(1):98.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1001-8735.2007.01.022.
[9]KAI V,PAAL J.Diversity of bryophyte vegetation in some forest types in Estonia:a comparison of old unmanaged and managed forests[J].Biodiversity and Conservation,1999,8(12):1595.DOI:10.1023/A:1008927501623.
[10]高谦.中国苔藓志:第1卷[M].北京:科学出版社,1994.
[11]高谦.中国苔藓志:第2卷[M].北京:科学出版社,1996.
[12]黎兴江.中国苔藓志:第4卷[M].北京:科学出版社,2006.
[13]吴鹏程,贾渝.中国苔藓志:第5卷[M].北京:科学出版社,2011.
[14]吴鹏程.中国苔藓志:第6卷[M].北京:科学出版社,2002.
[15]胡人亮,王幼芳.中国苔藓志:第7卷[M].北京:科学出版社,2005.
[16]吴鹏程,贾渝.中国苔藓志:第8卷[M].北京:科学出版社,2004.
[17]中国科学院昆明植物所.云南植物志:第17卷[M].北京:科学出版社,2000.
[18]胡慧蓉,田昆.土壤学实验指导教程[M].北京:中国林业出版社,2012.
[19]劳家柽.土壤农化分析手册[M].北京:农业出版社,1988.
[20]张二芳,邵丽华,刘永英,等.吕梁市区苔藓植物资源分布及分析[J].山西农业大学学报(自然科学版),2011,31(5):408.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1671-8151.2011.05.005.
[21]SORIA A,RON M.Contribution to the knowledge of Spanish urban bryoflora[J].Cryptogamie Bryologieet Linchenologie,1995,16(4):285.
[22]陈怡.上海市苔藓植物分布格局及其与环境关系研究[D].上海:上海师范大学,2005.
[23]皮春燕,刘艳.重庆主城区住宅小区苔藓组成与多样性[J].生物多样性,2014,22(5):583.DOI:10.3724/SP.J.1003.2014.14056.
[24]SILKE H,UKO R,高瞻,等.散射光对作物生长的影响[J].农业工程技术(温室园艺),2007(11):22.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1673-5404-B.2007.11.007.
[25]BEESE W J,BRYANT A A.Effect of alternative silvicultural systems on vegetation and bird communities in coastal montane forests of British Columbia,Canada[J].Forest Ecology&Management,1999,115(s2/s3):231.DOI:10.1016/s0378-1127(98)00402-2.
[26]熊源新,潘玉.贵州省珍稀濒危苔藓植物的研究Ⅰ.濒危原因与种类界定[J].贵州科学,2007,25(2):68.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1003-6563.2007.02.014.
[27]邓小华,杨丽丽,周米良,等.湘西喀斯特区植烟土壤速效钾含量分布及影响因素[J].山地学报,2013,31(5):519.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1008-2786.2013.05.002.
[28]王秋菊,崔战利,王贵森,等.土壤锰的研究现状及展望[J].黑龙江八一农垦大学学报,2005,17(3):39.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-2090.2005.03.010.
[29]张显强,曾建军,谌金吾,等.石漠化干旱环境中石生藓类水分吸收特征及其结构适应性[J].生态学报,2012,32(12):3902.DOI:10.5846/stxb201111231792.
[30]贾玲侠,李绍才,赵秀兰.根系分泌物活化岩石养分[J].微量元素与健康研究,2006,23(3):52.DOI:10.3969/j.is sn.1005-5320.2006.03.025.
[31]任明强,于晓红.贵州不同岩石背景土壤矿物与矿质养分的关系[J].贵州农业科学,2012,40(1):93.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1001-3601.2012.01.029.
[32]陆安祥,王纪华,马智宏,等.不同土地利用类型下氮、磷在土壤剖面中的分布特征研究[C]//农业部环境监测总站.全国耕地土壤污染监测与评价技术研讨会论文集.海拉尔,2006.
[33]傅海平,常硕其,刘红艳,等.茶园土壤交换性钙镁含量、分布特征及与速效钾的关系[J].中国茶叶,2013,35(3):14.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1000-3150.2013.03.006.
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