贵州罗甸和田玉基本特征与开发利用
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摘要
贵州罗甸和田玉矿床的发现是中国南方和田玉找矿勘探历史上的一次重大突破。野外勘查表明贵州和田玉储量巨大,可以给日渐匮乏的和田玉资源带来有效补充。贵州和田玉主要以层状-似层状产于辉绿岩与含硅质岩灰岩的外接触带内,主要品种包括白玉、青白玉、青玉、糖玉和带有褐黄色-褐色-褐黑色铁、锰质矿物的"草花"玉。贵州和田玉的主要矿物组成为透闪石,受透闪石纤维间孔隙度大以及部分次要矿物(如方解石、石英)质量分数高等原因影响,部分贵州和田玉密度较国家标准中规定的和田玉密度值偏低,且光泽或多或少伴有"瓷感"。贵州和田玉在颜色、质地、块度等方面存在一定的优势,而在光泽、透明度等方面则存在不足。工艺水平整体不高和产品同质化现象严重是贵州和田玉开发利用过程中亟待解决的两个重要问题。充分利用瓷状光泽进行产品开发,针对"草花"玉和带有灰色围岩的特殊玉料突出产地特色,结合仔料与红水河文化加以宣传并根据品质级别进行市场定位可以作为贵州和田玉进一步开发利用的方向。
The discovery of nephrite deposit in Luodian, Guizhou Province is a breakthrough in the history of nephrite exploration in southern China. Huge reserves of nephrite in Guizhou Province indicated by field survey can provide effective supplements for the increasing shortage of nephrite resources. The nephrite of Guizhou mainly layers in the contact zone between diabase intrusions and limestones bearing siliceous rocks and comes in a variety of colours like white, greenish white, green and brown. And quite a few nephrite from Guizhou Province contains dendrites composed of iron or manganese oxides. The main component of nephrite from Guizhou Province mainly consists of tremolite as nephrite from other deposits.Compared with value from the Chinese National Standard(GB/T 16553—2017), the relative density of some nephrite from Guizhou Province is lower, and shows porcellaneous luster, which is mainly attributed to large porosity within tremolite aggregates and high content of certain minor phases such as calcite or quartz.The nephrite from Guizhou Province has certain advantages in quality influence factors such as colour, texture and size, while it has deficiencies in luster and transparency. Unsatisfactory carving skills and serious product homogeneity are two important issues, which need to be solved in nephrite market in Guizhou Province. Making full use of porcellaneous luster for product development, highlighting origin characteristics for jade with dendrites and grey wall rocks, promoting from the view of nephrite pebble and the Hongshui Rive culture, and market positioning according to quality levels can be directions for further development and utilization of nephrite in Guizhou Province.
The discovery of nephrite deposit in Luodian, Guizhou Province is a breakthrough in the history of nephrite exploration in southern China. Huge reserves of nephrite in Guizhou Province indicated by field survey can provide effective supplements for the increasing shortage of nephrite resources. The nephrite of Guizhou mainly layers in the contact zone between diabase intrusions and limestones bearing siliceous rocks and comes in a variety of colours like white, greenish white, green and brown. And quite a few nephrite from Guizhou Province contains dendrites composed of iron or manganese oxides. The main component of nephrite from Guizhou Province mainly consists of tremolite as nephrite from other deposits.Compared with value from the Chinese National Standard(GB/T 16553—2017), the relative density of some nephrite from Guizhou Province is lower, and shows porcellaneous luster, which is mainly attributed to large porosity within tremolite aggregates and high content of certain minor phases such as calcite or quartz.The nephrite from Guizhou Province has certain advantages in quality influence factors such as colour, texture and size, while it has deficiencies in luster and transparency. Unsatisfactory carving skills and serious product homogeneity are two important issues, which need to be solved in nephrite market in Guizhou Province. Making full use of porcellaneous luster for product development, highlighting origin characteristics for jade with dendrites and grey wall rocks, promoting from the view of nephrite pebble and the Hongshui Rive culture, and market positioning according to quality levels can be directions for further development and utilization of nephrite in Guizhou Province.
引文
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[13] 杨林,林金辉,王雷,等. 贵州罗甸玉岩石化学特征及成因意义[J]. 矿物岩石,2012,32 (2):12-19.
[14] 王宁. 罗甸玉与和田玉的比较研究[J]. 科技创新导报,2012(25):246,248.
[15] 贵州省地质矿产局. 贵州省区域地质志[M].北京:地质出版社,1987:164-321,501-616.
[16] 国家珠宝玉石质量监督检验中心. GB/T 16553-2017 珠宝玉石鉴定[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2018.
[17] 陈婷,杨明星,刘冰洁.和田玉油性定义的探讨[J].宝石和宝石学杂志,2017,19(1):30-36.
[18] 贵州罗甸玉石成品展示[EB/OL]. http://tieba.baidu.com/p/2020477103,2018-10-05.
[19] 胡丽涓.精美的石头在唱歌[EB/OL].http://www.gywb.cn/content/2017-01/04/content_5422872.htm,2017-01-04.
[2] 孙国军.赤峰市国家级重点文物保护单位④——兴隆洼遗址简介[J].赤峰学院学报(自然科学版),2011,27(5):2.
[3] 王时麒,徐立国. 黔桂新型软玉矿床的地质特征、矿床成因及找矿方向[A].中国国际珠宝首饰学术交流会论文集[C].2017:181-187.
[4] 范二川,兰永文,戴朝辉,等. 贵州省罗甸透闪石矿床地质特征及找矿预测[J]. 矿物学报,2012,32(2):304-309.
[5] 黄勇,郝家栩,白龙,等. 贵州省冗里软玉矿的发现及意义[J]. 岩石矿物学杂志, 2012, 31(4):612-620.
[6] 邓贵标. 贵州罗甸玉成矿地质特征与品质评述[J]. 中国非金属矿工业导刊,2013(3):55-59,62.
[7] 支颖雪,廖冠琳,陈琼,等. 贵州罗甸软玉的宝石矿物学特征[J]. 宝石和宝石学杂志,2011,13(4):7-13.
[8] 杨林,王兵,王雷,等. 贵州罗甸玉特征初步研究[J]. 贵州地质,2011,28(4):241-246.
[9] 张立琴,余晓艳. 贵州罗甸透闪石玉的显微观察及组分分析[A].2013中国珠宝首饰学术交流会论文集[C].北京:国土资源部珠宝玉石首饰管理中心、中国珠宝玉石首饰行业协会,2013:153-157.
[10] 董剑文,王以群,邱成君,等. 贵州和田玉的矿物学特征[J]. 华东理工大学学报(自然科学版),2014,40(6):713-717.
[11] 廖宗廷,支颖雪. 贵州罗甸玉研究[M].武汉:中国地质大学出版社,2017:23-175.
[12] 李凯旋,姜婷丽,邢乐才,等. 贵州罗甸玉的矿物学及矿床学初步研究[J]. 矿物学报,2014,34(2):223-233.
[13] 杨林,林金辉,王雷,等. 贵州罗甸玉岩石化学特征及成因意义[J]. 矿物岩石,2012,32 (2):12-19.
[14] 王宁. 罗甸玉与和田玉的比较研究[J]. 科技创新导报,2012(25):246,248.
[15] 贵州省地质矿产局. 贵州省区域地质志[M].北京:地质出版社,1987:164-321,501-616.
[16] 国家珠宝玉石质量监督检验中心. GB/T 16553-2017 珠宝玉石鉴定[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2018.
[17] 陈婷,杨明星,刘冰洁.和田玉油性定义的探讨[J].宝石和宝石学杂志,2017,19(1):30-36.
[18] 贵州罗甸玉石成品展示[EB/OL]. http://tieba.baidu.com/p/2020477103,2018-10-05.
[19] 胡丽涓.精美的石头在唱歌[EB/OL].http://www.gywb.cn/content/2017-01/04/content_5422872.htm,2017-01-04.