南盘江流域细叶云南松次生林群落主要木本种群的种间联结
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摘要
该研究运用方差比率法、χ~2检验、Pearson相关检验和Spearman轶相关检验,对广西雅长兰科植物国家级自然保护区南盘江流域的细叶云南松(Pinus yunnanensis Franch.var.tenuifolia Cheng et Law)次生林14个大树树种(DBH≥10cm)、15个小树树种(5cm≤DBH<10cm)和19个幼树树种(1cm≤DBH<5cm)进行定量分析,以揭示南盘江流域细叶云南松次生林群落中木本种群的关联性及其更新演替规律,为桂西北细叶云南松林管理保护、干热河谷地区植被恢复和生态重建提供参考依据。结果表明:(1)研究区内细叶云南松林大树和小树的总体关联性表现为不显著负关联,幼树及群落总体表现为不显著正关联;χ~2检验显示,大树和小树负关联种对占多数(分别为48.35%和46.67%),幼树的正关联或负关联种对占比基本持平(分别为40.35%和39.18%),群落整体无关联种对占比较大(41.13%)。(2)Pearson相关系数和Spearman秩相关系数检验显示,细叶云南松林的大树、小树、幼树和群落总体均表现为负关联种对较多,正关联次之。(3)群落大树和小树物种在资源竞争上较激烈,结构不稳定;群落幼树物种适应了林下荫蔽环境,对光照要求较低,种间关系已具有较低的稳定性,个别物种表现出独立性。研究认为,南盘江流域细叶云南松次生林群落物种间存在一定的关联性,但未能形成稳定的配置关系,群落结构尚不稳定,仍处于演替早期阶段。
In this paper,aquantitative analysis of 14 large tree species(DBH ≥10 cm),15 small tree species(5 cm ≤ DBH < 10 cm)and 19 saplings(1 cm ≤ DBH < 5 cm)in secondary forest of Pinus yunnanensis Franch.var.tenuifolia Cheng et Law,was carried out by methods of variance ratio test,χ~2 test,Pearson's correlation coefficient test and Spearman's rank correlation coefficient test.The results showed that:(1)there was non-significantly negative correlation of big trees or small trees,and non-significantly positive correlation of saplings or the whole community.The results of χ~2 test indicated that the proportionof positive correlation,negative correlation and non-correlation for big trees,small trees,saplings and the whole community had different characteristics.For big trees and small trees,the negative correlated species-pairs were in the majority(48.35% and 46.67%,respectively).The positive and negative correlated species-pairs were basically the same for saplings(40.35% and 39.18%,respectively).For the whole community,the non-correlated species-pairs had the largest proportion(41.13%).(2)Pearson's correlation coefficient test and Spearman's rank correlation coefficient test revealed that there was largest proportion of negative correlation for big trees,small trees,saplings and the whole community.(3)There was intense competition in resources and unstable structure between big trees and small trees.Besides,the saplings adapted to the shaded environment under the canopy,and had lower requirements for light,thus had a relatively lower stability and even individual species show independence.On the whole,there is a certain correlation among species in the secondary forest community of P.yunnanensis var.tenuifoliain Nanpan River basin,yet still without the formation of stable allocation relationship.The community is still in the early stage of succession and its structure is still unstable.The results of this article can provide scientific reference such as the management and protection,sustainable management and utilization for secondary forest of P.yunnanensis var. tenuifolia,as well as vegetation restoration and ecological restoration in dry-hot valley areas.
In this paper,aquantitative analysis of 14 large tree species(DBH ≥10 cm),15 small tree species(5 cm ≤ DBH < 10 cm)and 19 saplings(1 cm ≤ DBH < 5 cm)in secondary forest of Pinus yunnanensis Franch.var.tenuifolia Cheng et Law,was carried out by methods of variance ratio test,χ~2 test,Pearson's correlation coefficient test and Spearman's rank correlation coefficient test.The results showed that:(1)there was non-significantly negative correlation of big trees or small trees,and non-significantly positive correlation of saplings or the whole community.The results of χ~2 test indicated that the proportionof positive correlation,negative correlation and non-correlation for big trees,small trees,saplings and the whole community had different characteristics.For big trees and small trees,the negative correlated species-pairs were in the majority(48.35% and 46.67%,respectively).The positive and negative correlated species-pairs were basically the same for saplings(40.35% and 39.18%,respectively).For the whole community,the non-correlated species-pairs had the largest proportion(41.13%).(2)Pearson's correlation coefficient test and Spearman's rank correlation coefficient test revealed that there was largest proportion of negative correlation for big trees,small trees,saplings and the whole community.(3)There was intense competition in resources and unstable structure between big trees and small trees.Besides,the saplings adapted to the shaded environment under the canopy,and had lower requirements for light,thus had a relatively lower stability and even individual species show independence.On the whole,there is a certain correlation among species in the secondary forest community of P.yunnanensis var.tenuifoliain Nanpan River basin,yet still without the formation of stable allocation relationship.The community is still in the early stage of succession and its structure is still unstable.The results of this article can provide scientific reference such as the management and protection,sustainable management and utilization for secondary forest of P.yunnanensis var. tenuifolia,as well as vegetation restoration and ecological restoration in dry-hot valley areas.
引文
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[2]高永恒,曾晓阳,周国英,等.长江源区高寒湿地植物群落主要种群种间关系分析[J].湿地科学,2011,9(1):1-7.GAO Y H,ZENG X Y,ZHOU G Y,et al.Interspecific relationships of dominant populations in the alpine wetlands in the source region of Yangtze River[J].Wetland Science,2011,9(1):1-7.
[3]王乃江,张文辉,陆元昌,等.陕西子午岭森林植物群落种间联结性[J].生态学报,2010,30(1):67-78.WANG N J,ZHANG W H,LU Y C,et al.Interspecific association among the plants communities in the forest at Ziwuling Area in Shaanxi Province[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2010,30(1):67-78.
[4]哀建国,翁国杭,董蔚.石垟森林公园常绿阔叶林主要种群的种间联结性[J].浙江林学院学报,2008,25(3):324-330.AI J G,WENG G H,DONG W.Interspecific association of primary plant populations in an evergreen broadleaf forest at Shiyang Forest Park of Zhejiang Province[J].Journal of Zhejiang A&F University,2008,25(3):324-330.
[5]孙中伟,赵士洞.长白山北坡椴树阔叶红松林群落木本植物种间联结性与相关性研究[J].应用生态学报,1996,7(1):1-5.SUN Z W,ZHAO S D.Interspecific association and correlation of lime-broad leaved Korean pine forest on the northern slope of Changbai Mountain[J].Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,1996,7(1):1-5.
[6]宋丁全,姜志林,郑作孟,等.卫闽光皮桦林优势种群的种间联结性研究[J].浙江林业科技,1999,19(4):1-5.SONG D Q,JIANG Z L,ZHENG Z M,et al.Studies on relevance of dominant populations in forest of Betula luminifera in Weimin[J].Journal of Zhejiang Forestry Science and Technology,1999,19(4):1-5.
[7]龚直文,亢新刚,顾丽,等.长白山云冷杉针阔混交林两个演替阶段乔木的种间联结性[J].北京林业大学学报,2011,33(5):28-33.GONG Z W,KANG X G,GU L,et al.Interspecific association among arbor species in two succession stages of spruce-fir conifer and broadleaved mixed forest in Changbai Mountains,northeastern China[J].Journal of Beijing Forestry University,2011,33(5):28-33.
[8]张明霞,王得祥,康冰,等.秦岭华山松天然次生林优势种群的种间联结性[J].林业科学,2015,51(1):12-21.ZHANG M X,WANG D X,KANG B,et al.Interspecific associations of dominant plant populations in secondary forest of Pinus armandii in Qinling Mountains[J].Scientia Silvae Sinicae,2015,51(1):12-21.
[9]杨青青,杨众养,陈小花,等.热带海岸香蒲桃天然次生林群落优势种群种间联结性[J].林业科学,2017,53(9):105-113.YANG Q Q,YANG Z Y,CHEN X H,et al.Interspecific associations of dominant plant populations in secondary forest of Syzygium odoratumin tropical coast[J].Scientia Silvae Sinicae,2017,53(9):105-113.
[10]潘高,张合平,潘登.中亚热带南酸枣林优势种群的种间联结性[J].生态学杂志,2017,36(4):892-901.PAN G,ZHANG H P,PAN D.Interspecific associations of dominant plant populations in a mid-subtropical Choerospondias axillaris forest[J].Chinese Journal of Ecology,2017,36(4):892-901.
[11]LI Y,HUI G,YU S,et al.Nearest neighbour relationships in Pinus yunnanensis var.tenuifoliaforests along the Nanpan River,China[J].iForest,2017,10(4):746-753.
[12]杨凯博,吴楠,廖声熙,等.云南松及其近缘种的木材构造与环境因子之间关系研究[J].西南农业学报,2017,30(6):1 445-1 449.YANG K B,WU N,LIAO S X,et al.Study on relationships between environmental factor and wood structure of Pinus yunnanensis and its relative species[J].Southwest China Journal of Agricultural Sciences,2017,30(6):1 445-1 449.
[13]秦丽红,刘晓玲,蓝柳凤,等.细叶云南松天然林和人工林的生材性质研究[J].西北林学院学报,2015,30(3):217-223.QIN L H,LIU X L,LAN L F,et al.Green wood properties of Pinus yunnanensis var.tenuifolia[J].Journal of Northwest Forestry University,2015,30(3):217-223.
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[15]罗叶红.细叶云南松天然林林分结构与林下植被多样性研究[D].南宁:广西大学,2016.
[16]庞圣江,张培,贾宏炎,等.细叶云南松群落物种多样性与种群空间分布格局[J].南方农业学报,2015,46(4):645-651.PANG S J,ZHANG P,JIA H Y,et al.Species diversity and spatial distribution pattern of Pinus yunnanensis var.tenuifoliacommunities in northwest Guangxi[J].Journal of Southern Agriculture,2015,46(4):645-651.
[17]奇凯,张春雨,侯继华,等.赤峰市沙地油松林草本植物多样性及种间关联动态[J].生态学报,2010,30(18):5 106-5 112.QI K,ZHANG C Y,HOU J H,et al.Dynamics of species diversity and interspecific associations of herbaceous plants in aPinus tabulaeformis forest on a sandy site in Chifeng,China[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2010,30(18):5 106-5 112.
[18]陈列.长白山阔叶红松林主要树种种群结构及其林木径向生长对气候响应[D].北京:北京林业大学,2014.
[19]李春叶.细叶云南松人工林生物量与生长规律研究[D].南宁:广西大学,2016.
[20]姜俊,赵秀海.吉林蛟河针阔混交林群落优势种群种间联结性[J].林业科学,2011,47(12):149-153.JIANG J,ZHAO X H.Interspecific correlations among dominant tree species in the coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forest communities in Jiaohe,Jilin Province[J].Scientia Silvae Sinicae,2011,47(12):149-153.
[21]SCHLUTER D.A variance test for detecting species associations with some exaple applications[J].Ecology,1984,65(3):998-1 005.
[22]张金屯.植被数量生态学方法[M].北京:中国科学技术出版社,1995:217-226.
[23]BISHARA A J,HITTNER J B.Testing the significance of a correlation with nonnormal data:comparison of Pearson,Spearman,transformation,and resampling approaches[J].Psychological Methods,2012,17(3):399-417.
[24]王文进,张明,刘福德,等.海南岛吊罗山热带山地雨林两个演替阶段的种间联结性[J].生物多样性,2007,15(3):257-263.WANG W J,ZHANG M,LIU F D,et al.Species association in tropical montane rain forest at two successional stages in Diaoluo Mountain of Hainan Island[J].Biodiversity Science,2007,15(3):257-263.
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