重金属胁迫对天竺葵生长及生理特性的影响
|
摘要
为探讨天竺葵(Pelargonium hortorum)对不同重金属的抗性,通过温室盆栽方式,研究了不同浓度的Pb2+、Cd2+、Cu2+、Zn2+对天竺葵生长和生理特性的影响。结果表明,天竺葵植株在4种重金属胁迫下,生长均受抑制,但抑制表现程度有所不同。其中对根长的抑制最明显,但植株依然能保持生长。随着重金属浓度的升高,植株生物量均呈下降趋势,叶片相对电导率均显著上升(P <0.05),叶绿素、可溶性蛋白和游离脯氨酸含量以及过氧化氢酶(CAT)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)活性均显著(P <0.05)高于对照。在浓度低于1 000 mg·kg–1的Pb2+和浓度低于800 mg·kg–1的Zn2+胁迫下植株没有出现明显萎黄,其余处理下基部2～3片叶出现萎黄脱落情况。综上所述,天竺葵对4种重金属均有一定的耐性,是利用重金属污染土壤的潜力花卉。
The effects of different concentrations of Pb~(2+), Cd~(2+), Cu~(2+), and Zn~(2+) on the growth and physiological characteristics of Pelargonium hortorum were studied. Results showed that the growth of P. hortorum stressed by four types of heavy metals was inhibited by different degrees, with root length being the most significantly inhibited. However, despite this inhibitory effect, the plants continued to grow. With increasing concentrations of heavy metals, the plant biomass decreased, whereas leaf relative conductivity was significantly increased(P < 0.05). Chlorophyll, soluble protein, and free proline contents and catalase(CAT), superoxide dismutase(SOD), and peroxidase(POD) activities were significantly(P <0.05) higher intreated plants than in the control plants. Plants did not show obvious withering when Pb~(2+) concentrations were less than 1 000 mg·kg–1 and Zn~(2+) concentrations were less than 800 mg·kg–1, whereas under other treatments, two or three basal leaves had withered and abscised. Therefore, P. hortorumshows some tolerance to four different heavy metals, and was fix potential of the types for using the heavy metal contaminated soil.
The effects of different concentrations of Pb~(2+), Cd~(2+), Cu~(2+), and Zn~(2+) on the growth and physiological characteristics of Pelargonium hortorum were studied. Results showed that the growth of P. hortorum stressed by four types of heavy metals was inhibited by different degrees, with root length being the most significantly inhibited. However, despite this inhibitory effect, the plants continued to grow. With increasing concentrations of heavy metals, the plant biomass decreased, whereas leaf relative conductivity was significantly increased(P < 0.05). Chlorophyll, soluble protein, and free proline contents and catalase(CAT), superoxide dismutase(SOD), and peroxidase(POD) activities were significantly(P <0.05) higher intreated plants than in the control plants. Plants did not show obvious withering when Pb~(2+) concentrations were less than 1 000 mg·kg–1 and Zn~(2+) concentrations were less than 800 mg·kg–1, whereas under other treatments, two or three basal leaves had withered and abscised. Therefore, P. hortorumshows some tolerance to four different heavy metals, and was fix potential of the types for using the heavy metal contaminated soil.
引文
[1]张从.污染土壤生物修复技术.北京:中国环境科学出版杜,2000:1-42.ZHANG C.Bioremediation of Contaminated Soil.Beijing:China Environmental Science Press,2000:1-42.
[2]梁芳,郭晋平.植物重金属毒害作用机理研究进展.山西农业科学,2007,35(11):59-61.LIANG F,GUO J P.Research on heavy metal toxic mechanism of plant.Journal of Shanxi Agricultural Sciences,2007,35(11):59-61.
[3]贾玉华,朱建雯,钱翌,杜通富,郑春霞,王灵.天竺葵对土壤中铅的吸收和耐性研究.新疆农业大学学报,2008,31(4):38-40.JIA Y H,ZHU J W,QIAN Y,DU F T,ZHENG C X,WANG L.Studies on accumulatio and tolerance of Pelargonium horlarum to Pb in the soil.Journal of Xinjiang Agricultural University,2008,31(4):38-40.
[4]李继宁.土壤-空心菜系统中重金属生物有效性及其人体健康风险评估研究.北京:中国环境科学研究院硕士学位论文,2014.LI J N.Bioavailability of heavy metals and human health risk assessment of soil-water spinach system.Master Thesis.Beijing:Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences,2014.
[5]刘少文,焦如珍,董玉红,刘彩霞.土壤重金属污染的生物修复研究进展.林业科学,2017,53(5):146-155.LIU S W,JIAO R Z,DONG Y H,LIU C X.Research progress in bioremediation of heavy-metal contaminated soil.Scientia Silvae Sinicae,2017,53(5):146-155.
[6]徐剑锋,王雷,熊瑛,席北斗,张列宇,毛旭辉,杨天学,吴明红,李彤彤.土壤重金属污染强化植物修复技术研究进展.环境工程技术学报,2017,7(3):366-373.XU J F,WANG L,XIONG Y,XI B D,ZHANG L Y,MAO X H,YANG T X,WU M H,LI T T.Research progress on strengthening phytoremediation technologies for heavy metals contaminated soil.Journal of Environmental Engineering Technology,2017,7(3):366-373.
[7]张新慈.昆明市香叶天竺葵栽培技术达省内领先水平.云南农业,2004(12):29-29.ZHANG X C.The cultivation technology of Pelargonium graveolens L.Herit in Kunming has reached the leading level in the province.Yunnan Agriculture,2004(12):29-29.
[8]陈杰.几种积累镉花卉筛选及其修复污染土壤潜力研究.西安:西安科技大学硕士学位论文,2011.CHEN J.Identification,chelated strengthening and application of Cb hyperaccumulating flowers.Master Thesis.Xi'an:Xi'an University of Science and Technology,2011.
[9]熊庆娥.植物生理学实验教程.成都:四川科学技术出版社,2003:72,85.XIONG Q E.Plant Physiology Experimental Course.Chengdu:Sichuan Science and Technology Press,2003:72,85.
[10]李合生.植物生理生化实验原理和技术.北京:高等教育出版社,2000:134-261.LI H S.Experimental Principles and Techniques of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry.Beijing:Higher Education Press,2000:134-261.
[11]张光利,聂荣邦.以烟叶脯氨酸含量判断田间成熟度的研究.作物研究,2008,22(1):31-35.ZHANG G L,NIE R B.Study on judgement of maturity degree by free proline content in flue-cured tobacco leaves.Crop Research,2008,22(1):31-35.
[12]刘柿良,石新生,潘远智,丁继军,何杨,王力.镉胁迫对长春花生长,生物量及养分积累与分配的影响.草业学报,2013,22(3):154-161.LIU S L,SHI X S,PAN Y Z,DING J J,HE Y,WANG L.Effects of cadmium stress on growth,accumulation and distribution of biomass and nutrient in Catharanthus roseus.Acta Prataculturae Sinica,2013,22(3):154-161.
[13]蒋婷,姜贝贝,潘远智,谭淼,张梦琪,杨亚男,刘柿良.不同形态氮素对龙葵镉毒害的缓解效应.农业环境科学学报,2015,34(6):1060-1068.JIANG T,JIANG B B,PAN Y Z,TAN N,ZHANG M Q,YANG Y N,LIU S L.Mitigation of different forms of exogenous nitrogen on Cd toxicity to Solanum nigrum.Journal of Agro-Environment Science,2015,34(6):1060-1068.
[14]侯晓龙.铅超富集植物金丝草对Pb胁迫的响应机制研究.福州:福建农林大学硕士学位论文,2013.HOU X L.Response mechnism of Pb hyperaccumulator pogonatherum crinitum to Pb stress.Master Thesis.Fuzhou:Fujian Agriculture And Forestry University,2013.
[15]贾玉华,朱建雯,钱翌,高永甲.铅-镉复合污染对天竺葵生长的影响.安徽农业科学,2008,36(7):2649-2650,2767.JIA Y H,ZHU J W,QIAN Y,GAO Y J.Effects of the compound pollution of Pb and Cd on the growth of Pelargonium hortorum.Anhui Agricultural Science,2008,36(7):2649-2650,2767.
[16]郭智.超富集植物龙葵(Solanum nigrum L.)对镉胁迫的生理响应机制研究.上海:上海交通大学博士学位论文,2009.GUO Z.Study on mechanisms of physiological response of hyperaccumulator plant Solanum nigrum L.to cadmium stress.PhDThesis.Shanghai:Shanghai Jiao Tong University,2009.
[17]刘俊祥,孙振元,勾萍,钱永强,巨关升,韩蕾.镉胁迫下多年生黑麦草的光合生理响应.草业学报,2012,21(3):191-197.LIU J X,SUN Z Y,GOU P,QIAN Y Q,JU G S,HAN L.Response of photosynthetic physiology of perennial ryegrass(Lolium+perenne L.)to Cd2stress.Acta Prataculturae Sinica,2012,21(3):191-197.
[18]何翠屏,王慧忠.重金属镉、铅对草坪植物根系代谢和叶绿素水平的影响.湖北农业科学,2003(5):60-63.HE C P,WANG H Z.Effect of cadmium and lead on the roots metabolizm and chlorophyll of lawn plant.Hubei Agricultural Science,2003(5):60-63.
[19]黄凯丰.重金属镉、铅胁迫对茭白生长发育的影响.扬州:扬州大学博士学位论文,2008.HUANG K F.Effect of Cd and Pd stress on the growth of Zizania latifolia.PhD Thesis.Yangzhou:Yangzhou University,2008.
[20]王萍,张兴旭,赵晓静,李春杰.重金属胁迫对醉马草生长及生理生化指标的影响.草业科学,2014,31(6):1080-1086.WANG P,ZHANG X X,ZHAO X J,LI C J.Effects of three metal ions on growth and physio-biochemical response of Achnatherum inebrians.Pratacultural Science,2014,31(6):1080-1086.
[21]徐学华,黄大庄,王连芳,李玉灵,秦淑英.土壤铅、镉胁迫对红瑞木生长及生理生化特性的影响.水土保持学报,2009,23(1):213-216.XU X H,HUANG D Z,WANG L F,LI Y L,QIN S Y.Effects of Pb、Cd stress in soil on the growth and physiological and biochemical characteristics of Swida alba.Journal of Soil and Water Conservation,2009,23(1):213-216.
[22]徐卫红,王宏信,李文一,刘吉振,李仰锐,熊治庭.重金属富集植物黑麦草对Zn的响应.水土保持学报,2006,20(3):43-46.XU W H,WANG H X,LI W Y,LIU J Z,LI Y R,XIONG Z T.Growth and uptake response of hyperaccumulator ryegrass to Zn stress.Journal of Soil and Water Conservation,2006,20(3):43-46.
[2]梁芳,郭晋平.植物重金属毒害作用机理研究进展.山西农业科学,2007,35(11):59-61.LIANG F,GUO J P.Research on heavy metal toxic mechanism of plant.Journal of Shanxi Agricultural Sciences,2007,35(11):59-61.
[3]贾玉华,朱建雯,钱翌,杜通富,郑春霞,王灵.天竺葵对土壤中铅的吸收和耐性研究.新疆农业大学学报,2008,31(4):38-40.JIA Y H,ZHU J W,QIAN Y,DU F T,ZHENG C X,WANG L.Studies on accumulatio and tolerance of Pelargonium horlarum to Pb in the soil.Journal of Xinjiang Agricultural University,2008,31(4):38-40.
[4]李继宁.土壤-空心菜系统中重金属生物有效性及其人体健康风险评估研究.北京:中国环境科学研究院硕士学位论文,2014.LI J N.Bioavailability of heavy metals and human health risk assessment of soil-water spinach system.Master Thesis.Beijing:Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences,2014.
[5]刘少文,焦如珍,董玉红,刘彩霞.土壤重金属污染的生物修复研究进展.林业科学,2017,53(5):146-155.LIU S W,JIAO R Z,DONG Y H,LIU C X.Research progress in bioremediation of heavy-metal contaminated soil.Scientia Silvae Sinicae,2017,53(5):146-155.
[6]徐剑锋,王雷,熊瑛,席北斗,张列宇,毛旭辉,杨天学,吴明红,李彤彤.土壤重金属污染强化植物修复技术研究进展.环境工程技术学报,2017,7(3):366-373.XU J F,WANG L,XIONG Y,XI B D,ZHANG L Y,MAO X H,YANG T X,WU M H,LI T T.Research progress on strengthening phytoremediation technologies for heavy metals contaminated soil.Journal of Environmental Engineering Technology,2017,7(3):366-373.
[7]张新慈.昆明市香叶天竺葵栽培技术达省内领先水平.云南农业,2004(12):29-29.ZHANG X C.The cultivation technology of Pelargonium graveolens L.Herit in Kunming has reached the leading level in the province.Yunnan Agriculture,2004(12):29-29.
[8]陈杰.几种积累镉花卉筛选及其修复污染土壤潜力研究.西安:西安科技大学硕士学位论文,2011.CHEN J.Identification,chelated strengthening and application of Cb hyperaccumulating flowers.Master Thesis.Xi'an:Xi'an University of Science and Technology,2011.
[9]熊庆娥.植物生理学实验教程.成都:四川科学技术出版社,2003:72,85.XIONG Q E.Plant Physiology Experimental Course.Chengdu:Sichuan Science and Technology Press,2003:72,85.
[10]李合生.植物生理生化实验原理和技术.北京:高等教育出版社,2000:134-261.LI H S.Experimental Principles and Techniques of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry.Beijing:Higher Education Press,2000:134-261.
[11]张光利,聂荣邦.以烟叶脯氨酸含量判断田间成熟度的研究.作物研究,2008,22(1):31-35.ZHANG G L,NIE R B.Study on judgement of maturity degree by free proline content in flue-cured tobacco leaves.Crop Research,2008,22(1):31-35.
[12]刘柿良,石新生,潘远智,丁继军,何杨,王力.镉胁迫对长春花生长,生物量及养分积累与分配的影响.草业学报,2013,22(3):154-161.LIU S L,SHI X S,PAN Y Z,DING J J,HE Y,WANG L.Effects of cadmium stress on growth,accumulation and distribution of biomass and nutrient in Catharanthus roseus.Acta Prataculturae Sinica,2013,22(3):154-161.
[13]蒋婷,姜贝贝,潘远智,谭淼,张梦琪,杨亚男,刘柿良.不同形态氮素对龙葵镉毒害的缓解效应.农业环境科学学报,2015,34(6):1060-1068.JIANG T,JIANG B B,PAN Y Z,TAN N,ZHANG M Q,YANG Y N,LIU S L.Mitigation of different forms of exogenous nitrogen on Cd toxicity to Solanum nigrum.Journal of Agro-Environment Science,2015,34(6):1060-1068.
[14]侯晓龙.铅超富集植物金丝草对Pb胁迫的响应机制研究.福州:福建农林大学硕士学位论文,2013.HOU X L.Response mechnism of Pb hyperaccumulator pogonatherum crinitum to Pb stress.Master Thesis.Fuzhou:Fujian Agriculture And Forestry University,2013.
[15]贾玉华,朱建雯,钱翌,高永甲.铅-镉复合污染对天竺葵生长的影响.安徽农业科学,2008,36(7):2649-2650,2767.JIA Y H,ZHU J W,QIAN Y,GAO Y J.Effects of the compound pollution of Pb and Cd on the growth of Pelargonium hortorum.Anhui Agricultural Science,2008,36(7):2649-2650,2767.
[16]郭智.超富集植物龙葵(Solanum nigrum L.)对镉胁迫的生理响应机制研究.上海:上海交通大学博士学位论文,2009.GUO Z.Study on mechanisms of physiological response of hyperaccumulator plant Solanum nigrum L.to cadmium stress.PhDThesis.Shanghai:Shanghai Jiao Tong University,2009.
[17]刘俊祥,孙振元,勾萍,钱永强,巨关升,韩蕾.镉胁迫下多年生黑麦草的光合生理响应.草业学报,2012,21(3):191-197.LIU J X,SUN Z Y,GOU P,QIAN Y Q,JU G S,HAN L.Response of photosynthetic physiology of perennial ryegrass(Lolium+perenne L.)to Cd2stress.Acta Prataculturae Sinica,2012,21(3):191-197.
[18]何翠屏,王慧忠.重金属镉、铅对草坪植物根系代谢和叶绿素水平的影响.湖北农业科学,2003(5):60-63.HE C P,WANG H Z.Effect of cadmium and lead on the roots metabolizm and chlorophyll of lawn plant.Hubei Agricultural Science,2003(5):60-63.
[19]黄凯丰.重金属镉、铅胁迫对茭白生长发育的影响.扬州:扬州大学博士学位论文,2008.HUANG K F.Effect of Cd and Pd stress on the growth of Zizania latifolia.PhD Thesis.Yangzhou:Yangzhou University,2008.
[20]王萍,张兴旭,赵晓静,李春杰.重金属胁迫对醉马草生长及生理生化指标的影响.草业科学,2014,31(6):1080-1086.WANG P,ZHANG X X,ZHAO X J,LI C J.Effects of three metal ions on growth and physio-biochemical response of Achnatherum inebrians.Pratacultural Science,2014,31(6):1080-1086.
[21]徐学华,黄大庄,王连芳,李玉灵,秦淑英.土壤铅、镉胁迫对红瑞木生长及生理生化特性的影响.水土保持学报,2009,23(1):213-216.XU X H,HUANG D Z,WANG L F,LI Y L,QIN S Y.Effects of Pb、Cd stress in soil on the growth and physiological and biochemical characteristics of Swida alba.Journal of Soil and Water Conservation,2009,23(1):213-216.
[22]徐卫红,王宏信,李文一,刘吉振,李仰锐,熊治庭.重金属富集植物黑麦草对Zn的响应.水土保持学报,2006,20(3):43-46.XU W H,WANG H X,LI W Y,LIU J Z,LI Y R,XIONG Z T.Growth and uptake response of hyperaccumulator ryegrass to Zn stress.Journal of Soil and Water Conservation,2006,20(3):43-46.