受控生态生保集成试验中植物部件设计与验证
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摘要
目的设计并验证满足受控生态生保系统集成试验中大气、水以及食物循环需求的植物部件,探索多种高等植物高效生产模式,评估植物连续生产能力。方法以人的营养需求为基础,设计植物栽培面积及种类;通过2人30天CELSS试验平台筛选出适应密闭环境的植物种类,在"绿航星际"-4人180天CELSS集成试验中对植物的生长及生产能力进行验证。结果筛选出25种适应CELSS的植物并优化了栽培条件,评估和比较了不同类植物的生产能力及收获指数,部分粮食及油料作物产量未达预期。结论设计并验证了植物部件在CELSS中的长期运行能力,证明平衡阶段195.36m2可以满足该系统中乘员55%的食物需求,其中28.5m2的种植面积可以完全满足4人对新鲜蔬果的需求。
Objective To design and verify the plant components that can meet the requirements of atmosphere,water and food circulation in the integrated test of the Controlled Ecological Life Support System(CELSS),to explore the efficient production patterns of various higher plants,and to assess the continuous production capacity of plants.Methods The cultivation area and the species of plants were designed based on the nutritional requirements of human beings.Plant species adapted to the closed environment were screened in 2-person and 30 din integrated CELSS platform.The growth and production capacity of plants were verified by SPACEnter,the 4-subject 180-day CELSS integrated experiment.Results Twenty-five plants adapted to CELSS were selected and the cultivation conditions were optimized.The productivity and harvest index of different plants were evaluated and compared,and some tuber and oil crops did not yield as expected.Conclusion In the experiment,the long-term operation ability of plant component in CELSS are designed and verified.It is proved that the planting area of 195.36 m2 could fit 55%food demand of 4 people in the balance stage,and 28.5 m2 could perfectly fit the requirements for fresh fruits and vegetables.
Objective To design and verify the plant components that can meet the requirements of atmosphere,water and food circulation in the integrated test of the Controlled Ecological Life Support System(CELSS),to explore the efficient production patterns of various higher plants,and to assess the continuous production capacity of plants.Methods The cultivation area and the species of plants were designed based on the nutritional requirements of human beings.Plant species adapted to the closed environment were screened in 2-person and 30 din integrated CELSS platform.The growth and production capacity of plants were verified by SPACEnter,the 4-subject 180-day CELSS integrated experiment.Results Twenty-five plants adapted to CELSS were selected and the cultivation conditions were optimized.The productivity and harvest index of different plants were evaluated and compared,and some tuber and oil crops did not yield as expected.Conclusion In the experiment,the long-term operation ability of plant component in CELSS are designed and verified.It is proved that the planting area of 195.36 m2 could fit 55%food demand of 4 people in the balance stage,and 28.5 m2 could perfectly fit the requirements for fresh fruits and vegetables.
引文
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[14]张楠,唐永康,李家练,等.受控生态环境小麦的生长发育动态及生物学特性[J].航天医学与医学工程,2018,31(5):532-537.Zhang N,Tang YK,Li JL,et al.Dynamics of wheat growth development and biological characteristics in CELSS[J].Space Medicine&Medical Engineering,2018,31(5):532-537.
[15] Wheeler RM.Potato and Human Exploration of Space:Some Observations from NASA-Sponsored Controlled Environment Studies[J].Potato Research,2006,49(1):67-90.
[2] Dueck T,Kempkes F,Meinen E,et al.Choosing crops for cultivation in space[C]//46th International Conference on Environmental Systems, Vienna,2016-07-10/2016-07-14,2016,
[3] Wheeler RM.Agriculture for space:People and places paving the way[J].Open Agriculture,2017,2(1):14-32.
[4]张良长,李婷,余青霓,等.4人180天集成试验环控生保系统设计及运行概况[J].航天医学与医学工程,2018,31(2):273-281.Zhang LC,Li T,Yu QN,et al.Design and operation overview of 4-person 180-day integrated experiment in controlled ecological life support system[J].Space Medicine&Medical Engineering,2018,31(2):273-281.
[5] Fu Y,Li L,Xie B,et al.How to establish a bioregenerative life support system for long-term crewed missions to the Moon or Mars[J].Astrobiology,2016,16(12):925-934.
[6]陈敏,邓素芳,杨有泉,等.受控生态生保系统内红萍供氧特性研究[J].空间科学学报,2012,32(2):223-229.Chen M,Deng SF,Yang YQ,et al.Study on O2-supply characteristics of Azolla in controlled ecological life support system[J].Chinese Journal of Space Science,2012,32(2):223-229.
[7] CzupallaM,Horneck G,Blome HJ.The conceptual design of a hybrid life support system based on the evaluation and comparison of terrestrial testbeds[J].Advances in Space Research,2005,35(9):1609-1620.
[8] SychevVN,Levinskikh MA,Shepelev YY.The biological component of the life support system for a martian expedition[J].Advances in Space Research the Official Journal of the Committee on Space Research,2003,31(7):1693-1698.
[9]许梓,余青霓,张良长,等.4人180天受控生态生保系统集成试验概述[J].航天医学与医学工程,2018,31(2):264-272.Xu Z,Yu QN,Zhang LC,et al.Overview of 4-person180-day integrated experiment in controlled ecological life support system[J].Space Medicine&Medical Engineering,2018,31(2):264-272.
[10]郭双生,董文平,艾为党,等.2人30天受控生态生保系统物质流调控技术研究[J].载人航天,2013,19(5):67-74.Guo SS,Dong WP,Ai WD,et al.Study on regulating technique of material flow for 2-person and 30din integrated CELSS[J].Manned Spaceflight,2013,19(5):67-74.
[11] Guo SS,Dong WP,Ai WD,et al.Research on regulating technique of material flow for 2-person and 30-day integrated CELSS test[J].Acta Astronautica,2014,100:140-146.
[12] Wheeler RM,Sager JC.Crop production for advanced life support systems[R].Technical Reports 1,Purdue University,2006.
[13] Wheeler RM,Mackowiak CL,Stutte GW,et al.Crop productivities and radiation use efficiencies for bioregenerative life support[J].Advances in Space Research,2008,41(5):706-713.
[14]张楠,唐永康,李家练,等.受控生态环境小麦的生长发育动态及生物学特性[J].航天医学与医学工程,2018,31(5):532-537.Zhang N,Tang YK,Li JL,et al.Dynamics of wheat growth development and biological characteristics in CELSS[J].Space Medicine&Medical Engineering,2018,31(5):532-537.
[15] Wheeler RM.Potato and Human Exploration of Space:Some Observations from NASA-Sponsored Controlled Environment Studies[J].Potato Research,2006,49(1):67-90.