Experimental, Numerical and Simplified Theoretical Model Study for Internal Solitary Wave Load on FPSO with Emphasis on Scale Effect
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摘要
Scale effect of ISWs loads on Floating Production Storage and Offloading(FPSO) is studied in this paper. The application conditions of KdV, eKdV and MCC ISWs theories are used in the numerical method. The depthaveraged velocities induced by ISWs are used for the velocity-inlet boundary. Three scale ratio numerical models λ=1, 20 and 300 were selected, which the scale ratio is the size ratio of numerical models to the experimental model.The comparisons between the numerical and former experimental results are performed to verify the feasibility of numerical method. The comparisons between the numerical and simplified theoretical results are performed to discuss the applicability of the simplified theoretical model summarized from the load experiments. Firstly, the numerical results of λ=1 numerical model showed a good agreement with former experimental and simplified theoretical results. It is feasible to simulate the ISWs loads on FPSO by the numerical method. Secondly, the comparisons between the results of three scale ratio numerical models and experimental results indicated that the scale ratios have more significant influence on the experimental horizontal forces than the vertical forces. The scale effect of horizontal forces mainly results from the different viscosity effects associated with the model’s dimension.Finally, through the comparisons between the numerical and simplified theoretical results for three scale ratio models, the simplified theoretical model of the pressure difference and friction forces exerted by ISWs on FPSO is applied for large-scale or full-scale FPSO.
Scale effect of ISWs loads on Floating Production Storage and Offloading(FPSO) is studied in this paper. The application conditions of KdV, eKdV and MCC ISWs theories are used in the numerical method. The depthaveraged velocities induced by ISWs are used for the velocity-inlet boundary. Three scale ratio numerical models λ=1, 20 and 300 were selected, which the scale ratio is the size ratio of numerical models to the experimental model.The comparisons between the numerical and former experimental results are performed to verify the feasibility of numerical method. The comparisons between the numerical and simplified theoretical results are performed to discuss the applicability of the simplified theoretical model summarized from the load experiments. Firstly, the numerical results of λ=1 numerical model showed a good agreement with former experimental and simplified theoretical results. It is feasible to simulate the ISWs loads on FPSO by the numerical method. Secondly, the comparisons between the results of three scale ratio numerical models and experimental results indicated that the scale ratios have more significant influence on the experimental horizontal forces than the vertical forces. The scale effect of horizontal forces mainly results from the different viscosity effects associated with the model’s dimension.Finally, through the comparisons between the numerical and simplified theoretical results for three scale ratio models, the simplified theoretical model of the pressure difference and friction forces exerted by ISWs on FPSO is applied for large-scale or full-scale FPSO.
Scale effect of ISWs loads on Floating Production Storage and Offloading(FPSO) is studied in this paper. The application conditions of KdV, eKdV and MCC ISWs theories are used in the numerical method. The depthaveraged velocities induced by ISWs are used for the velocity-inlet boundary. Three scale ratio numerical models λ=1, 20 and 300 were selected, which the scale ratio is the size ratio of numerical models to the experimental model.The comparisons between the numerical and former experimental results are performed to verify the feasibility of numerical method. The comparisons between the numerical and simplified theoretical results are performed to discuss the applicability of the simplified theoretical model summarized from the load experiments. Firstly, the numerical results of λ=1 numerical model showed a good agreement with former experimental and simplified theoretical results. It is feasible to simulate the ISWs loads on FPSO by the numerical method. Secondly, the comparisons between the results of three scale ratio numerical models and experimental results indicated that the scale ratios have more significant influence on the experimental horizontal forces than the vertical forces. The scale effect of horizontal forces mainly results from the different viscosity effects associated with the model’s dimension.Finally, through the comparisons between the numerical and simplified theoretical results for three scale ratio models, the simplified theoretical model of the pressure difference and friction forces exerted by ISWs on FPSO is applied for large-scale or full-scale FPSO.
引文
Cai,S.Q.,Long,X.M.and Gan,Z.J.,2003.A method to estimate the forces exerted by internal solitons on cylindrical piles,Ocean Engineering,30(5),673-689.
Cai,S.Q.,Long,X.M.and Wang,S.G.,2008.Forces and torques exerted by internal solitons in shear flows on cylindrical piles,Applied Ocean Research,30(1),72-77.
Cai,S.Q.,Wang,S.G.and Long,X.M.,2006.A simple estimation of the force exerted by internal solitons on cylindrical piles,Ocean Engineering,33(7),974-980.
Cai,S.Q.,Xie,J.S.and He,J.L.,2012.An overview of internal solitary waves in the South China Sea,Surveys in Geophysics,33(5),927-943.
Cai,S.Q.,Xu,J.X.,Chen,Z.W.,Xie,J.S.,Deng,X.D.and Lv,H.B.,2014.The effect of a seasonal stratification variation on the load exerted by internal solitary waves on a cylindrical pile,Acta Oceanologica Sinica,33(7),21-26.
Camassa,R.,Choi,W.,Michallet,H.,Rusas,P.O.and Sveen,J.K.,2006.On the realm of validity of strongly nonlinear asymptotic approximations for internal waves,Journal of Fluid Mechanics,549,1-23.
Chen,J.H.,1996.The development of Liuhua 11-1 oilfield in South China Sea,China Offshore Platform,11(1),44-46.(in Chinese)
Choi,W.and Camassa,R.,1996.Weakly nonlinear internal waves in a two-fluid system,Journal of Fluid Mechanics,313,83-103.
Fang,X.H.and Du,T.,2005.Fundamentals of Oceanic Internal Waves and Internal Waves in the China Seas,China Ocean University Press,Qingdao.(in Chinese)
Feng,A.C.,Bai,W.and Price,W.G.,2017.Two-dimensional wave radiation and diffraction problems in a flat or sloping seabed environment,Journal of Fluids and Structures,75,193-212.
Feng,A.C.,Chen,Z.M.and Price,W.G.,2014.A Rankine source computation for three dimensional wave-body interactions adopting a nonlinear body boundary condition,Applied Ocean Research,47,313-321.
Feng,A.C.,Chen,Z.M.and Price,W.G.,2015.A desingularized Rankine source method for nonlinear wave-body interaction problems,Ocean Engineering,101,131-141.
Guo,C.and Chen,X.,2014.A review of internal solitary wave dynamics in the northern South China Sea,Progress in Oceanography,121,7-23.
Han,P.,Ren,B.,Li,X.L.and Wang,Y.X.,2009.Study on damping absorber for the irregular waves based on VOF method,Journal of Waterway and Harbor,30(1),9-13.(in Chinese)
Helfrich,K.R.and Melville,W.K.,2006.Long nonlinear internal waves,Annual Review of Fluid Mechanics,38,395-425.
Huang,W.H.,You,Y.X.,Shi,Q.,Wang,J.Y.and Hu,T.Q.,2013a.The experiments of internal solitary wave loads and their theoretical model for a semi-submersible platform,Chinese Journal of Hydrodynamics,28(6),644-657.(in Chinese)
Huang,W.H.,You,Y.X.,Wang,X.and Hu,T.Q.,2013b.Internal solitary wave loads experiments and its theoretical model for a cylindrical structure,Chinese Journal of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics,45(5),716-728.(in Chinese)
Huang,W.H.,You,Y.X.,Wang,J.Y.and Hu,T.Q.,2013c.Internal solitary wave loadsand and its theoretical model for a Tension Leg platform,Journal of Shanghai Jiaotong University,47(10),1494-1502.(in Chinese)
Huang,X.D.,Zhang,Z.W.,Zhang,X.J.,Qian,H.B.,Zhao,W.and Tian,J.W.,2017.Impacts of a mesoscale eddy pair on internal solitary waves in the northern South China sea revealed by mooring array observations,Journal of Physical Oceanography,47(7),1539-1554.
Lv,H.B.,Xie,J.S.,Xu,J.X.,Chen,Z.W.,Liu,T.Y.and Cai,S.Q.,2016.Force and torque exerted by internal solitary waves in background parabolic current on cylindrical tendon leg by numerical simulation,Ocean Engineering,114,250-258.
Song,Z.J.,Gou,Y.,Teng,B.,Shi,Z.M.,Qu,Y.and Xiao,Y.,2010.The motion responses of a Spar platform under internal solitary wave,Acta Oceanologica Sinica,32(2),12-19.(in Chinese)
Wang,F.,Guo,H.Y.,Li,X.M.and Meng,F.S.,2016.Experimental study on ocean internal wave force on vertical cylinders in different depths,China Ocean Engineering,30(3),459-468.
Wang,L.L.,Wang,Y.,Wei,G.,Lu,Q.Y.,Xu,J.and Tang,H.W.,2017a.Force behaviors of circular and square cylinder in internal solitary waves environment:I:experimental investigation,Advances in Water Science,28(3),429-437.(in Chinese)
Wang,L.L.,Wang,Y.,Wei,G.,Lu,Q.Y.,Xu,J.and Tang,H.W.,2017b.Force behaviors of circular and square cylinder in internal solitary waves environment:II:numerical study,Advances in Water Science,28(4),588-597.(in Chinese)
Wang,X.,Lin,Z.Y.and You,Y.X.,2015a.Numerical simulation for the load characteristics of internal solitary waves on the semi-submersible platform,Journal of Ship Mechanics,19(10),1173-1185.(in Chinese)
Wang,X.,Lin,Z.Y.and You,Y.X.,2015b.Numerical simulation for interaction characteristics of internal solitary waves with tension leg platform,The Ocean Engineering,33(5),16-23.(in Chinese)
Wang,X.,Lin,Z.Y.and You,Y.X.,2015c.Numerical simulation for the interaction characteristics of internal solitary waves with a vertical circular cylinder,Journal of Harbin Engineering University,36(1),6-11.(in Chinese)
Wang,X.,Lin,Z.Y.,You,Y.X.and Yu,R.,2017c.Numerical simulations for the load characteristics of internal solitary waves on a vertical cylinder,Journal of Ship Mechanics,21(9),1071-1085.
Wang,X.,You,Y.X.and Huang,W.H.,2014.Investigation on the inlet boundary conditions for the nonlinear numerical simulations of internal solitary waves in a two-layer fluid of finite depth,The Ocean Engineering,32(2),1-12.(in Chinese)
Wang,X.,Zhang,X.S.and You,Y.X.,2015d.The study on scale effect of internal solitary wave loads of cylindrical drilling platforms,Petroleum Drilling Techniques,43(4),30-36.(in Chinese)
Xie,J.S.,Jian,Y.J.and Yang,L.G.,2010.Strongly nonlinear internal soliton load on a small vertical circular cylinder in two-layer fluids,Applied Mathematical Modelling,34(8),2089-2101.
Xie,J.S.,Xu,J.X.and Cai,S.Q.,2011.A numerical study of the load on cylindrical piles exerted by internal solitary waves,Journal of Fluids and Structures,27(8),1252-1261.
Xu,Z.H.,Huang,W.H.,You,Y.X.and Hu,T.Q.,2014a.Experiments on the load characteristics of the floating production storage and offloading system in internal solitary waves,The Ocean Engineering,32(1),17-24,31.(in Chinese)
Xu,Z.H.,You,Y.X.,Huang,W.H.and Hu,T.Q.,2014b.Experiments and theoretical model on the load characteristics of the FPSO in internal solitary waves,Chinese Journal of Hydrodynamics,29(1),24-33.(in Chinese)
You,Y.X.,Li,W.,Hu,T.Q.,Qu,Y.,Xiao,Y.and Fan,M.,2012.Dynamic responses of a semi-submersible platform in internal solitary waves,The Ocean Engineering,30(2),1-7,19.(in Chinese)
You,Y.X.,Li,W.,Shi,Z.M.,Qu,Y.and Xiao,Y.,2010.Hydrodynamic characteristics of Tension Leg Platforms in ocean internal solitary waves,Journal of Shanghai Jiaotong University,44(1),56-61.(in Chinese)
Zhang,R.R.,Zhang,X.S.,You,Y.X.,Xu,Z.H.,Liu,J.C.and Wang,J.,2017.Dynamic response characteristics of FPSO in internal solitary waves,The Ocean Engineering,35(4),8-17.(in Chinese)
Cai,S.Q.,Long,X.M.and Wang,S.G.,2008.Forces and torques exerted by internal solitons in shear flows on cylindrical piles,Applied Ocean Research,30(1),72-77.
Cai,S.Q.,Wang,S.G.and Long,X.M.,2006.A simple estimation of the force exerted by internal solitons on cylindrical piles,Ocean Engineering,33(7),974-980.
Cai,S.Q.,Xie,J.S.and He,J.L.,2012.An overview of internal solitary waves in the South China Sea,Surveys in Geophysics,33(5),927-943.
Cai,S.Q.,Xu,J.X.,Chen,Z.W.,Xie,J.S.,Deng,X.D.and Lv,H.B.,2014.The effect of a seasonal stratification variation on the load exerted by internal solitary waves on a cylindrical pile,Acta Oceanologica Sinica,33(7),21-26.
Camassa,R.,Choi,W.,Michallet,H.,Rusas,P.O.and Sveen,J.K.,2006.On the realm of validity of strongly nonlinear asymptotic approximations for internal waves,Journal of Fluid Mechanics,549,1-23.
Chen,J.H.,1996.The development of Liuhua 11-1 oilfield in South China Sea,China Offshore Platform,11(1),44-46.(in Chinese)
Choi,W.and Camassa,R.,1996.Weakly nonlinear internal waves in a two-fluid system,Journal of Fluid Mechanics,313,83-103.
Fang,X.H.and Du,T.,2005.Fundamentals of Oceanic Internal Waves and Internal Waves in the China Seas,China Ocean University Press,Qingdao.(in Chinese)
Feng,A.C.,Bai,W.and Price,W.G.,2017.Two-dimensional wave radiation and diffraction problems in a flat or sloping seabed environment,Journal of Fluids and Structures,75,193-212.
Feng,A.C.,Chen,Z.M.and Price,W.G.,2014.A Rankine source computation for three dimensional wave-body interactions adopting a nonlinear body boundary condition,Applied Ocean Research,47,313-321.
Feng,A.C.,Chen,Z.M.and Price,W.G.,2015.A desingularized Rankine source method for nonlinear wave-body interaction problems,Ocean Engineering,101,131-141.
Guo,C.and Chen,X.,2014.A review of internal solitary wave dynamics in the northern South China Sea,Progress in Oceanography,121,7-23.
Han,P.,Ren,B.,Li,X.L.and Wang,Y.X.,2009.Study on damping absorber for the irregular waves based on VOF method,Journal of Waterway and Harbor,30(1),9-13.(in Chinese)
Helfrich,K.R.and Melville,W.K.,2006.Long nonlinear internal waves,Annual Review of Fluid Mechanics,38,395-425.
Huang,W.H.,You,Y.X.,Shi,Q.,Wang,J.Y.and Hu,T.Q.,2013a.The experiments of internal solitary wave loads and their theoretical model for a semi-submersible platform,Chinese Journal of Hydrodynamics,28(6),644-657.(in Chinese)
Huang,W.H.,You,Y.X.,Wang,X.and Hu,T.Q.,2013b.Internal solitary wave loads experiments and its theoretical model for a cylindrical structure,Chinese Journal of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics,45(5),716-728.(in Chinese)
Huang,W.H.,You,Y.X.,Wang,J.Y.and Hu,T.Q.,2013c.Internal solitary wave loadsand and its theoretical model for a Tension Leg platform,Journal of Shanghai Jiaotong University,47(10),1494-1502.(in Chinese)
Huang,X.D.,Zhang,Z.W.,Zhang,X.J.,Qian,H.B.,Zhao,W.and Tian,J.W.,2017.Impacts of a mesoscale eddy pair on internal solitary waves in the northern South China sea revealed by mooring array observations,Journal of Physical Oceanography,47(7),1539-1554.
Lv,H.B.,Xie,J.S.,Xu,J.X.,Chen,Z.W.,Liu,T.Y.and Cai,S.Q.,2016.Force and torque exerted by internal solitary waves in background parabolic current on cylindrical tendon leg by numerical simulation,Ocean Engineering,114,250-258.
Song,Z.J.,Gou,Y.,Teng,B.,Shi,Z.M.,Qu,Y.and Xiao,Y.,2010.The motion responses of a Spar platform under internal solitary wave,Acta Oceanologica Sinica,32(2),12-19.(in Chinese)
Wang,F.,Guo,H.Y.,Li,X.M.and Meng,F.S.,2016.Experimental study on ocean internal wave force on vertical cylinders in different depths,China Ocean Engineering,30(3),459-468.
Wang,L.L.,Wang,Y.,Wei,G.,Lu,Q.Y.,Xu,J.and Tang,H.W.,2017a.Force behaviors of circular and square cylinder in internal solitary waves environment:I:experimental investigation,Advances in Water Science,28(3),429-437.(in Chinese)
Wang,L.L.,Wang,Y.,Wei,G.,Lu,Q.Y.,Xu,J.and Tang,H.W.,2017b.Force behaviors of circular and square cylinder in internal solitary waves environment:II:numerical study,Advances in Water Science,28(4),588-597.(in Chinese)
Wang,X.,Lin,Z.Y.and You,Y.X.,2015a.Numerical simulation for the load characteristics of internal solitary waves on the semi-submersible platform,Journal of Ship Mechanics,19(10),1173-1185.(in Chinese)
Wang,X.,Lin,Z.Y.and You,Y.X.,2015b.Numerical simulation for interaction characteristics of internal solitary waves with tension leg platform,The Ocean Engineering,33(5),16-23.(in Chinese)
Wang,X.,Lin,Z.Y.and You,Y.X.,2015c.Numerical simulation for the interaction characteristics of internal solitary waves with a vertical circular cylinder,Journal of Harbin Engineering University,36(1),6-11.(in Chinese)
Wang,X.,Lin,Z.Y.,You,Y.X.and Yu,R.,2017c.Numerical simulations for the load characteristics of internal solitary waves on a vertical cylinder,Journal of Ship Mechanics,21(9),1071-1085.
Wang,X.,You,Y.X.and Huang,W.H.,2014.Investigation on the inlet boundary conditions for the nonlinear numerical simulations of internal solitary waves in a two-layer fluid of finite depth,The Ocean Engineering,32(2),1-12.(in Chinese)
Wang,X.,Zhang,X.S.and You,Y.X.,2015d.The study on scale effect of internal solitary wave loads of cylindrical drilling platforms,Petroleum Drilling Techniques,43(4),30-36.(in Chinese)
Xie,J.S.,Jian,Y.J.and Yang,L.G.,2010.Strongly nonlinear internal soliton load on a small vertical circular cylinder in two-layer fluids,Applied Mathematical Modelling,34(8),2089-2101.
Xie,J.S.,Xu,J.X.and Cai,S.Q.,2011.A numerical study of the load on cylindrical piles exerted by internal solitary waves,Journal of Fluids and Structures,27(8),1252-1261.
Xu,Z.H.,Huang,W.H.,You,Y.X.and Hu,T.Q.,2014a.Experiments on the load characteristics of the floating production storage and offloading system in internal solitary waves,The Ocean Engineering,32(1),17-24,31.(in Chinese)
Xu,Z.H.,You,Y.X.,Huang,W.H.and Hu,T.Q.,2014b.Experiments and theoretical model on the load characteristics of the FPSO in internal solitary waves,Chinese Journal of Hydrodynamics,29(1),24-33.(in Chinese)
You,Y.X.,Li,W.,Hu,T.Q.,Qu,Y.,Xiao,Y.and Fan,M.,2012.Dynamic responses of a semi-submersible platform in internal solitary waves,The Ocean Engineering,30(2),1-7,19.(in Chinese)
You,Y.X.,Li,W.,Shi,Z.M.,Qu,Y.and Xiao,Y.,2010.Hydrodynamic characteristics of Tension Leg Platforms in ocean internal solitary waves,Journal of Shanghai Jiaotong University,44(1),56-61.(in Chinese)
Zhang,R.R.,Zhang,X.S.,You,Y.X.,Xu,Z.H.,Liu,J.C.and Wang,J.,2017.Dynamic response characteristics of FPSO in internal solitary waves,The Ocean Engineering,35(4),8-17.(in Chinese)