炉缸冷却壁对流换热系数计算及烘炉传热特性
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摘要
炉缸冷却壁冷却性能主要体现在冷却水与水管间的对流传热。因为工程上常用计算对流换热系数的经验公式不能满足不同的水流状态从而导致炉缸热应力分析误差较大,所以以某高炉炉缸结构为例,首先利用传热学准数方程推导出冷却水处于不同流动状态时对应的综合对流换热系数表达式,同时探讨了对流换热系数经验公式的适用范围;然后通过迭代计算推导出了冷却水处于层流状态下考虑衰减热阻时的综合对流换热系数表达式;最后对烘炉状态下炉缸侧壁传热模型进行瞬态传热与冷却分析,得到了微水烘炉甚至闭水烘炉的热工依据,可为初步制定高炉烘炉制度进行评估和完善。
The cooling performance of the hearth cooling stave is mainly reflected by the convective heat transfer between the cooling water and the pipe. For the empirical formula of the convective heat transfer coefficient commonly used in engineering calculations cannot satisfy different flow conditions,which will result in a large analysis error of the thermal stress of the hearth. Therefore,a blast furnace(BF)hearth structure is taken as an example in this article,and the expressions of comprehensive convective heat transfer coefficients of the cooling water in different flow states are deduced firstly utilizing the heat transfer criterion number equation. At the same time,the applicable range of the empirical formula for the convective heat transfer coefficient is discussed. Then,the expression of the comprehensive convective heat transfer coefficient of the cooling water in a laminar flow state while considering the attenuation of the thermal resistance is deduced by the iterative calculation method. Based on these conditions,the thermomechanical basis of the micro-water furnace heating and even the closed-water furnace heating is obtained through the transient heat transfer and cooling analysis of the hearth side stave heat transfer model under furnace heating conditions,which can be used to assess and perfect the initial formulation of the BF furnace heating system.
The cooling performance of the hearth cooling stave is mainly reflected by the convective heat transfer between the cooling water and the pipe. For the empirical formula of the convective heat transfer coefficient commonly used in engineering calculations cannot satisfy different flow conditions,which will result in a large analysis error of the thermal stress of the hearth. Therefore,a blast furnace(BF)hearth structure is taken as an example in this article,and the expressions of comprehensive convective heat transfer coefficients of the cooling water in different flow states are deduced firstly utilizing the heat transfer criterion number equation. At the same time,the applicable range of the empirical formula for the convective heat transfer coefficient is discussed. Then,the expression of the comprehensive convective heat transfer coefficient of the cooling water in a laminar flow state while considering the attenuation of the thermal resistance is deduced by the iterative calculation method. Based on these conditions,the thermomechanical basis of the micro-water furnace heating and even the closed-water furnace heating is obtained through the transient heat transfer and cooling analysis of the hearth side stave heat transfer model under furnace heating conditions,which can be used to assess and perfect the initial formulation of the BF furnace heating system.
引文
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[11]李洋龙,程树森.高炉炉缸炭砖砌筑结构的传热学[J].钢铁,2014,49(5):13.(LI Yang-long,CHENG Shu-sen.Heat transfer on masonry structure of hearth carbon bricks[J].Iron and Steel,2014,49(5):13.)
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[15]郭光胜,张建良,焦克新.冷却比表面积对高炉炉缸铸铁冷却壁传热的影响研究[J].铸造,2016,65(6):542.(GUO Guangsheng,ZHANG Jian-liang,JIAO Ke-xin.Study of the effect of the ratio of cooling surface area on the heat transfer of the cast iron cooling stave in blast furnace hearth[J].Foundry,2016,65(6):542.)
[16]Duangthongsuk W,Wongwises S.Effect of thermophysical properties models on the predicting of the convective heat transfer coefficient for low concentration nanofluid[J].International Communications in Heat and Mass Transfer,2008,35(10):1320.
[17]陈礼.流体力学与热工基础[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2012.(CHEN Li.Fluid Mechanics and Thermal Foundations[M].Beijing:Tsinghua University Press,2012.)
[18]Geerdes M,Chaigneau R,Kurunov I.Modern Blast Furnace Ironmaking:An Introduction[M].Netherlands:Ios Press,2015.
[19]李峰光,张建良,左海滨.极限工况下铸铁冷却壁热态试验研究[J].铸造,2014,63(4):391.(LI Feng-guang,ZHANG Jianliang,ZUO Hai-bin.Thermal test of cast iron cooling stave under limit working condition[J].Foundry,2014,63(4):391.)
[20]Fotukian S M,Esfahany M N.Experimental study of turbulent convective heat transfer and pressure drop of dilute CuO/water nanofluid inside a circular tube[J].International Communications in Heat and Mass Transfer,2010,37(2):214.
[21]吴俐俊,周伟国.高炉冷却壁与炉气之间的换热特性[J].钢铁研究学报,2006,18(11):7.(WU Li-jun,ZHOU Wei-guo.Heat transfer characteristics between gas flow ang stave[J].Journal of Iron and Steel Research,2006,18(11):7.)
[2]马洪修,张建良,焦克新,等.高炉炉缸侵蚀特征及侵蚀原因探析[J].钢铁,2018,53(9):14.(MA Hong-xiu,ZHANG Jianliang,JIAO Ke-xin,et al.Analysis of erosion characteristics and causes of blast furnace hearth[J].Iron and Steel,2018,53(9):14.)
[3]王刚,李爱锋,刘风军,等.高炉炉缸长寿智能管理系统的开发与应用[J].中国冶金,2016,26(4):43.(WANG Gang,LIAi-feng,LIU Feng-jun,et al.Development and application of intelligent management system for blast furnace hearth longevity[J].China Metallurgy,2016,26(4):43.)
[4]张建良,焦克新,刘征建,等.长寿高炉炉缸保护层综合调控技术[J].钢铁,2017,52(12):1.(ZHANG Jian-liang,JIAO Kexin,LIU Zheng-jian,et al.Comprehensive regulation technology for hearth protective layer of blast furnace longevity[J].Iron and Steel,2017,52(12):1.)
[5]代兵,梁科,王学军,等.高炉炉缸活性量化计算模型的开发与实践[J].中国冶金,2015,25(12):45.(DAI Bing,LIANGKe,WANG Xue-jun,et al.Development and practice of quantitative calculation models of blast furnace hearth activity[J].China Metallurgy,2015,25(12):45.)
[6]孙金铎,黄晓煜,杜续恩.高炉炉缸破损的原因与控制[J].钢铁,2015,50(6):1.(SUN Jin-duo,HUANG Xiao-yu,DU Xuen.Reason and control of blast furnace hearth corrosion[J].Iron and Steel,2015,50(6):1.)
[7]姜华,蔡九菊.在役高炉炉缸状态的辨析、诊断与维护[J].中国冶金,2015,25(11):33.(JIANG Hua,CAI Jiu-ju.Discrimination,diagnosis and maintenance for blast furnace hearth in service state[J].China Metallurgy,2015,25(11):33.)
[8]陈川,安钢.炉缸活跃性指数及改善措施[J].钢铁,2018,53(1):29.(CHEN Chuan,AN Gang.Activity index and improvement measure of BF hearth[J].Iron and Steel,2018,53(1):29.)
[9]陈良玉,王志强,李杨.高炉炉缸炉底内衬的等效冷却条件计算方法[J].材料与冶金学报,2016,15(3):171.(CHEN Liang-yu,WANG Zhi-qiang,LI Yang.Calculation method of equivalent cooling conditions for blast furnace hearth and bottom[J].Journal of Materials and Metallurgy,2016,15(3):171.)
[10]Kumar S.Heat transfer analysis and estimation of refractory wear in an iron blast furnace hearth using finite element method[J].ISIJ International,2005,45(8):1122.
[11]李洋龙,程树森.高炉炉缸炭砖砌筑结构的传热学[J].钢铁,2014,49(5):13.(LI Yang-long,CHENG Shu-sen.Heat transfer on masonry structure of hearth carbon bricks[J].Iron and Steel,2014,49(5):13.)
[12]Almeida B V,Neves E S,Silva S N,et al.Blast furnace hearth lining:post mortem analysis[J].Materials Research,2017,20(3):814.
[13]Bejan A.Convection Heat Transfer[M].[S.L.]:John Wiley and Sons,2013.
[14]焦克新,张建良,左海滨,等.长寿高炉炉缸冷却系统的深入探讨[J].中国冶金,2014,24(4):16.(JIAO Ke-xin,ZHANGJian-liang,ZUO Hai-bin,et al.In-depth discussion of cooling system of long campaign blast furnace[J].China Metallurgy,2014,24(4):16.)
[15]郭光胜,张建良,焦克新.冷却比表面积对高炉炉缸铸铁冷却壁传热的影响研究[J].铸造,2016,65(6):542.(GUO Guangsheng,ZHANG Jian-liang,JIAO Ke-xin.Study of the effect of the ratio of cooling surface area on the heat transfer of the cast iron cooling stave in blast furnace hearth[J].Foundry,2016,65(6):542.)
[16]Duangthongsuk W,Wongwises S.Effect of thermophysical properties models on the predicting of the convective heat transfer coefficient for low concentration nanofluid[J].International Communications in Heat and Mass Transfer,2008,35(10):1320.
[17]陈礼.流体力学与热工基础[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2012.(CHEN Li.Fluid Mechanics and Thermal Foundations[M].Beijing:Tsinghua University Press,2012.)
[18]Geerdes M,Chaigneau R,Kurunov I.Modern Blast Furnace Ironmaking:An Introduction[M].Netherlands:Ios Press,2015.
[19]李峰光,张建良,左海滨.极限工况下铸铁冷却壁热态试验研究[J].铸造,2014,63(4):391.(LI Feng-guang,ZHANG Jianliang,ZUO Hai-bin.Thermal test of cast iron cooling stave under limit working condition[J].Foundry,2014,63(4):391.)
[20]Fotukian S M,Esfahany M N.Experimental study of turbulent convective heat transfer and pressure drop of dilute CuO/water nanofluid inside a circular tube[J].International Communications in Heat and Mass Transfer,2010,37(2):214.
[21]吴俐俊,周伟国.高炉冷却壁与炉气之间的换热特性[J].钢铁研究学报,2006,18(11):7.(WU Li-jun,ZHOU Wei-guo.Heat transfer characteristics between gas flow ang stave[J].Journal of Iron and Steel Research,2006,18(11):7.)
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