内配碳团块CO-CO_2气氛下反应行为的研究
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摘要
为了建立内配碳团块CO-CO_2气氛下反应的数学模型并验证模型的正确性,根据还原动力学原理模拟计算内配碳团块在CO-CO_2气氛下的还原过程,通过对不同温度下的团块还原度、团块碳转化率的模拟值和实验值之间的比较证明了模型的可靠性。经过研究发现模型的反应包括了铁氧化物的逐级还原、碳的Boudouard反应和金属铁的再氧化。在1 473 K和CO-CO_2气氛下对内配碳团块的反应进程的模拟分析表明,在早期阶段内配碳团块显示出自还原的特征;在团块达到其最大还原度时,团块内氧化铁还原和金属铁再氧化同时存在;在后期阶段,团块内主要是金属铁的再氧化反应。在1 473 K和CO-CO_2气氛下对影响内配碳团块反应行为的相关因素的模拟结果表明,改变铁矿粉反应性或还原剂气化性不能有效提高内配碳团块的最终还原度,但是减小孔隙率可以提高团块的最终还原度。
In order to establish a mathematical model for the reaction of carbon-doped aggregates in CO-CO_2 atmosphere and verify the model,the reduction process of carbon-doped aggregates in CO-CO_2 atmosphere was simulated and calculated based on the principle of reduction kinetics. The reliability of the model was verified by comparing the simulated and experimental values of the reduction degree and the carbon conversion rate of carbon-doped aggregates at different temperatures. It was found that the model reactions included the step-by-step reduction of iron oxides, Boudouard reaction of carbon, and reoxidation of metallic iron. An analysis on the briquette reaction progress at 1 473 K and in CO-CO_2 atmosphere showed that the briquette presents the characteristics of self-reduction in the early stage. When the briquette reaches its maximum reduction degree, both iron oxide reduction and metallic iron reoxidation occurred. In the later stage, the main reaction in the briquette was metallic iron reoxidation. The simulation results of the factors influencing the briquette reaction behavior at 1 473 K and in CO-CO_2 atmosphere showed that altering the reactivity of iron ore fines or altering the gasification of the reductant could not improve the final reduction degree, while decreasing the porosity could significantly improve the reduction degree of the metallic product.
In order to establish a mathematical model for the reaction of carbon-doped aggregates in CO-CO_2 atmosphere and verify the model,the reduction process of carbon-doped aggregates in CO-CO_2 atmosphere was simulated and calculated based on the principle of reduction kinetics. The reliability of the model was verified by comparing the simulated and experimental values of the reduction degree and the carbon conversion rate of carbon-doped aggregates at different temperatures. It was found that the model reactions included the step-by-step reduction of iron oxides, Boudouard reaction of carbon, and reoxidation of metallic iron. An analysis on the briquette reaction progress at 1 473 K and in CO-CO_2 atmosphere showed that the briquette presents the characteristics of self-reduction in the early stage. When the briquette reaches its maximum reduction degree, both iron oxide reduction and metallic iron reoxidation occurred. In the later stage, the main reaction in the briquette was metallic iron reoxidation. The simulation results of the factors influencing the briquette reaction behavior at 1 473 K and in CO-CO_2 atmosphere showed that altering the reactivity of iron ore fines or altering the gasification of the reductant could not improve the final reduction degree, while decreasing the porosity could significantly improve the reduction degree of the metallic product.
引文
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[2] Lu W K.The search for an economical and environmentally friendly ironmaking process[J].Metallurgical Materials Transactions,2001,32B(5):757.
[3] Manning C P,Fruehan R J.Emerging technologies for iron and steelmaking[J].JOM,2001,53(10):36.
[4] Hu C Q,Han T,Zhang Y Z,et al.Theoretical foundation of carbonation pellet process for ferrous sludge recycling[J].Journal of Iron and Steel Research International,2011,18(12):27.
[5] Sok-chol RI,Chu M S,Chen S Y,et al.Self-reduction mechanism of coal composite stainless steel dust hot briquette[J].Journal of Iron and Steel Research International,2016,23(4):314.
[6] 李东海,吕学伟,白晨光,等.红土镍矿含碳球团还原焙烧-磁选试验[J].钢铁研究学报,2011,23(10):9.(Li D H,Lü X W,Bai C G,et al.Reduction roasting and magnetic separation of nickel laterite pellets bearing carbon[J].Journal of Iron and Steel Research,2011,23(10):9.)
[7] 林重春,张建良,黄冬华,等.红土镍矿含碳球团深还原-磁选富集镍铁工艺[J].北京科技大学学报,2011,33(3):270.(Lin C C,Zhang J L,Huang D H,et al.Enrichment of nickel and iron from nickel laterite ore/coal composite pellets by deep reduction magnetic separation[J].Journal of University of Science and Technology Beijing,2011,33(3):270.)
[8] 张建良,王春龙,刘征建,等.钒钛磁铁矿含碳球团还原的影响因素[J].北京科技大学学报,2012,34(5):512.(Zhang J L,Wang C L,Liu Z J,et al.Influencing factors of the reduction of vanadium titano-magnetite carbon composite pellets[J].Journal of University of Science and Technology Beijing,2012,34(5):512.
[9] Tang H Q,Fu X F,Qin Y Q,et al.Production of low-silicon molten iron from high-silica hematite using biochar[J].Journal of Iron and Steel Research International,2017,24(1):27.
[10] Zhou X,Zhu D,Pan J,et al.Upgrading of high-aluminum hematite-limonite ore by high temperature reduction-wet magnetic separation process[J].Metals,2016,6(3):1.
[11] Wu Y,Jiang Z,Zhang X,et al.Modeling of thermochemical behavior in an industrial-scale rotary hearth furnace for metallurgical dust recycling[J].Metallurgical Materials Transactions,2017,48B(5):2403.
[12] 黄典冰,杨学民,杨天钧,等.含碳球团还原过程动力学及模型[J].金属学报,1996(6):629.(Huang D B,Yang X M,Yang T J,et al.Kinetics and mathematical model for reduction process of iron ore briquette containing carbon[J].Acta Metallurgica Sinica,1996(6):629.)
[13] Park H,Sohn I,Freislich M,et al.Investigation on the reduction behavior of coal composite pellet at temperatures between 1 373 and 1 573 K[J].Steel Research International,2017,88(3):1.
[14] Singh A,Deo K,Ghosh A.Reduction behavior of powder mixtures of iron oxide and carbon in reactive atmospheres[J].Steel Research International,2001,72(4):136.
[15] Ghosh A,Mungole M N,Gupta G,et al.A preliminary study of influence of atmosphere on reduction behavior of iron ore-coal composite pellets[J].ISIJ International,1999,39(8):829.
[16] Moon J,Sahajwalla V.Kinetic model for the uniform conversion of self reducing iron oxide and carbon briquettes[J].ISIJ International,2003,43(8):1136.
[17] Sun S,Lu W K.Building of a mathematical model for the reduction of iron ore in ore/coal composites[J].ISIJ International,1999,39(2):130.
[18] Donskoi E,Mcelwain D.Mathematical modelling of non-isothermal reduction in highly swelling iron ore-coal char composite pellet[J].Ironmaking and Steelmaking,2001,28(5):384.
[19] 唐惠庆,范立强,马龙,等.生物质木炭用于鲕状高磷铁矿除磷[J].北京科技大学学报,2014,31(7):867.(Tang H Q,Fan L Q,Ma L,et al.Phosphorus removal of oolitic high-phosphorus iron ore using biomass char[J].Journal of University of Science and Technology Beijing,2014,31(7):867.)
[20] 郭兴敏,唐洪福,张圣弼.Li2CO3在含碳球团还原中催化机理的研究[J].金属学报,2000,36(6):638.(Guo X M,Tang H F,Zhang S B.Study on the catalysis mechanism of Li2CO3 for reduction of iron ore pellet with carbon[J].Acta Metallurgica Sinica,36(6):638.)
[21] 李文超.冶金和材料物理化学[M].北京:冶金工业出版社,2001.(Li W C.Metallurgy and Physical Chemistry of Materials[M].Beijing:Metallurgical Industry Press,2001.)
[22] 唐家鹏.Fluent 14.0 超级学习手册[M].北京:人民邮电出版社,2013.(Tang J P.Fluent 14.0 Super Learning Manual[M].Beijing:Posts and Telecom Press,2013.)
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