不同植被修复年限对喀斯特地区飞机草入侵生境土壤蓄水能力的影响
|
摘要
飞机草是我国西南地区的主要外来有害入侵杂草,植被替代修复技术是控制飞机草入侵的主要方式之一,目前对于不同植被修复年限下的土壤蓄水能力变化鲜有研究。以"空间代替时间"的方法,分析了不同植被修复年限的生境中土壤物理性质和蓄水能力的变化,探讨不同植被修复年限对广西喀斯特地区飞机草入侵生境土壤蓄水能力的影响。结果表明:在喀斯特地区飞机草入侵生境下土壤物理性质在植被修复过程中得到明显改善,主要表现为随植被修复年限的增加,土壤容重逐渐降低,土壤孔隙度逐渐升高,其中土壤非毛管孔隙度受植被修复年限的影响显著,而毛管孔隙度受植被修复年限的影响相对较小;土壤蓄水能力在植被修复过程中得到明显提高,土壤滞留蓄水量和饱和蓄水量随着植被修复年限的增加逐渐升高,修复10a后分别比未修复生境增加了174.9%和11.6%,而土壤吸持蓄水量受植被修复年限影响较小,在修复过程中无显著变化。因此,植被修复能够显著提高喀斯特地区飞机草入侵生境的土壤蓄水和涵养水源的能力,降低水土流失,促进入侵地的植被恢复,为外来植物入侵生态系统修复提供重要的技术理论依据。
Chromolaena odorata is one of the main invasive alien weeds in southwest of China.Vegetation replacement restoration is one of the dominant methods to control the C.odoratainvasion.However,there was less study on the changes of soil water storage ability in different restoration years.The method of space instead of time was employed to analyze the variations of soil physical property and water storage ability in different restoration years and discuss the effect of different vegetation restoration years on soil water storage ability in C.odoratainvasive habitat along karst area in Guangxi.The results showed that the soil physical property was clearly improved during the vegetation restoration process,which showed that the soil bulk density in C.odoratainvasive habitat decreased gradually and soil porosity increased with restoration years;soil non-capillary porosity was significantly affected by the vegetation restoration years,however,the soil capillary porosity was less affected;the soil water storage ability was significantly improved following the restoration.Soil non-capillary water-holding capacity and water saturated water content increased with the restoration years,which were higher by 174.9%and 11.6%,respectively,in habitat after 10 years′restoration than those in CK,while the capillary water-holding capacity was relatively less affected by the ecological restoration and had no significant variation during the restoration process.In conclusion,the vegetation restoration could significantly improve the soil water conservation property in C.odoratainvasive habitat of karst area,which reduced the soil erosion and improved the vegetation recovery,and provided importanttechnical and theoretic references for invasive habitats restoration.
Chromolaena odorata is one of the main invasive alien weeds in southwest of China.Vegetation replacement restoration is one of the dominant methods to control the C.odoratainvasion.However,there was less study on the changes of soil water storage ability in different restoration years.The method of space instead of time was employed to analyze the variations of soil physical property and water storage ability in different restoration years and discuss the effect of different vegetation restoration years on soil water storage ability in C.odoratainvasive habitat along karst area in Guangxi.The results showed that the soil physical property was clearly improved during the vegetation restoration process,which showed that the soil bulk density in C.odoratainvasive habitat decreased gradually and soil porosity increased with restoration years;soil non-capillary porosity was significantly affected by the vegetation restoration years,however,the soil capillary porosity was less affected;the soil water storage ability was significantly improved following the restoration.Soil non-capillary water-holding capacity and water saturated water content increased with the restoration years,which were higher by 174.9%and 11.6%,respectively,in habitat after 10 years′restoration than those in CK,while the capillary water-holding capacity was relatively less affected by the ecological restoration and had no significant variation during the restoration process.In conclusion,the vegetation restoration could significantly improve the soil water conservation property in C.odoratainvasive habitat of karst area,which reduced the soil erosion and improved the vegetation recovery,and provided importanttechnical and theoretic references for invasive habitats restoration.
引文
[1]贾桂康,薛跃规.外来入侵植物飞机草对生态系统的危害和防除[J].杂草学报,2010(4):12-15.
[2] Ma Z L,Gong Y B,Hu T X.Characteristic of soil hydrophysical properties and water dynamics under different vegetation restoration types[J].Wuhan University Journal of Natural Sciences,2006,11(4):1009-1014.
[3]吕锡芝.北京山区森林植被对坡面水文过程的影响研究[D].北京:北京林业大学,2013.
[4]吴祥云,何志勇,李文超,等.辽东山地胡桃楸天然次生林土壤蓄水能力分析[J].安徽农业科学,2013,41(16):7192-7193.
[5]刘霞,张光灿,李雪蕾,等.小流域生态修复过程中不同森林植被土壤入渗与贮水特征[J].水土保持学报,2004,22(2):111-115.
[6]吴庆贵,邹利娟,吴福忠,等.涪江流域丘陵区不同植被类型水源涵养功能[J].水土保持学报,2012,26(6):254-258.
[7]贾志清.晋西北黄土丘陵沟壑区典型流域不同植被土壤蓄水能力研究[J].水土保持通报,2006,26(3):29-33.
[8] Davies K W.Plant community diversity and native plant abundance decline with increasing abundance of an exotic annual grass[J].Oecologia,2011,167(2):481-491.
[9] Quan G M,Mao D J,Zhang J E,et al.Response of invasive Chromolaena odorataand two coexisting weeds to contrasting irradiance and nitrogen[J].Photosynthetica,2015,53(3):419-429.
[10]王家文,周跃,肖本秀,等.中国西南喀斯特土壤水分特征研究进展[J].中国水土保持,2013(2):37-41.
[11]颜萍,熊康宁,王恒松,等.喀斯特地区水土流失与水土保持研究进展[J].中国水土保持,2016(1):54-59.
[12]陈洪松,王克林.西南喀斯特山区土壤水分研究[J].农业现代化研究,2008,29(6):734-738.
[13]盛茂银,刘洋,熊康宁.中国南方喀斯特石漠化演替过程中土壤理化性质的响应[J].生态学报,2013,33(19):6303-6313.
[14]宋林松,汪京,王棋,等.喀斯特石漠化区顶坛花椒林地土壤水分物理性质变化[J].贵州科学,2016,34(2):19-25.
[15]肖兴艳,刘方,姚斌,等.中国西南喀斯特土壤水分研究进展[J].云南农业大学学报:自然科学版,2015,30(6):958-964.
[16]鲍乾,梁建发,王琪,等.花江喀斯特石漠化区不同经济型植物的土壤蓄水特征[J].水土保持研究,2017,24(1):18-24.
[17]王清,喻理飞,李先林.黔中喀斯特植被恢复过程中水土保持功能变化初步研究[J].贵州科学,2005,23(1):58-61.
[18]莫林,张红莲.飞机草地理分布、危害、传播和防治技术的研究进展[J].广西农学报,2014,29(6):44-46,73.
[19]吕仕洪,陆树华,李先琨,等.广西平果县石漠化地区立地划分与生态恢复试验初报[J].中国岩溶,2005,24(3):196-201.
[20]唐赛春,吕仕洪,潘玉梅,等.广西喀斯特地区割草结合植树方法对飞机草的控制效果[J].应用生态学报,2011,22(7):1944-1948.
[21]孙艳红,张洪江,程金花,等.缙云山不同林地类型土壤特性及其水源涵养功能[J].水土保持学报,2006,20(2):106-109.
[22]刘云鹏,张社奇,谷洁,等.不同土地利用方式对陕西黄河湿地土壤水分物理性质的影响[J].安徽农业科学,2011,39(5):2725-2728.
[23]张雷燕,刘常富,王彦辉,等.宁夏六盘山地区不同森林类型土壤的蓄水和渗透能力比较[J].水土保持学报,2007,21(1):95-98.
[24] Zhu B B,Li Z B,Li P,et al.Soil erodibility,microbial biomass,and physical-chemical property changes during long-term natural vegetation restoration:a case study in the Loess Plateau,China[J].Ecological Research,2010,25(3):531-541.
[2] Ma Z L,Gong Y B,Hu T X.Characteristic of soil hydrophysical properties and water dynamics under different vegetation restoration types[J].Wuhan University Journal of Natural Sciences,2006,11(4):1009-1014.
[3]吕锡芝.北京山区森林植被对坡面水文过程的影响研究[D].北京:北京林业大学,2013.
[4]吴祥云,何志勇,李文超,等.辽东山地胡桃楸天然次生林土壤蓄水能力分析[J].安徽农业科学,2013,41(16):7192-7193.
[5]刘霞,张光灿,李雪蕾,等.小流域生态修复过程中不同森林植被土壤入渗与贮水特征[J].水土保持学报,2004,22(2):111-115.
[6]吴庆贵,邹利娟,吴福忠,等.涪江流域丘陵区不同植被类型水源涵养功能[J].水土保持学报,2012,26(6):254-258.
[7]贾志清.晋西北黄土丘陵沟壑区典型流域不同植被土壤蓄水能力研究[J].水土保持通报,2006,26(3):29-33.
[8] Davies K W.Plant community diversity and native plant abundance decline with increasing abundance of an exotic annual grass[J].Oecologia,2011,167(2):481-491.
[9] Quan G M,Mao D J,Zhang J E,et al.Response of invasive Chromolaena odorataand two coexisting weeds to contrasting irradiance and nitrogen[J].Photosynthetica,2015,53(3):419-429.
[10]王家文,周跃,肖本秀,等.中国西南喀斯特土壤水分特征研究进展[J].中国水土保持,2013(2):37-41.
[11]颜萍,熊康宁,王恒松,等.喀斯特地区水土流失与水土保持研究进展[J].中国水土保持,2016(1):54-59.
[12]陈洪松,王克林.西南喀斯特山区土壤水分研究[J].农业现代化研究,2008,29(6):734-738.
[13]盛茂银,刘洋,熊康宁.中国南方喀斯特石漠化演替过程中土壤理化性质的响应[J].生态学报,2013,33(19):6303-6313.
[14]宋林松,汪京,王棋,等.喀斯特石漠化区顶坛花椒林地土壤水分物理性质变化[J].贵州科学,2016,34(2):19-25.
[15]肖兴艳,刘方,姚斌,等.中国西南喀斯特土壤水分研究进展[J].云南农业大学学报:自然科学版,2015,30(6):958-964.
[16]鲍乾,梁建发,王琪,等.花江喀斯特石漠化区不同经济型植物的土壤蓄水特征[J].水土保持研究,2017,24(1):18-24.
[17]王清,喻理飞,李先林.黔中喀斯特植被恢复过程中水土保持功能变化初步研究[J].贵州科学,2005,23(1):58-61.
[18]莫林,张红莲.飞机草地理分布、危害、传播和防治技术的研究进展[J].广西农学报,2014,29(6):44-46,73.
[19]吕仕洪,陆树华,李先琨,等.广西平果县石漠化地区立地划分与生态恢复试验初报[J].中国岩溶,2005,24(3):196-201.
[20]唐赛春,吕仕洪,潘玉梅,等.广西喀斯特地区割草结合植树方法对飞机草的控制效果[J].应用生态学报,2011,22(7):1944-1948.
[21]孙艳红,张洪江,程金花,等.缙云山不同林地类型土壤特性及其水源涵养功能[J].水土保持学报,2006,20(2):106-109.
[22]刘云鹏,张社奇,谷洁,等.不同土地利用方式对陕西黄河湿地土壤水分物理性质的影响[J].安徽农业科学,2011,39(5):2725-2728.
[23]张雷燕,刘常富,王彦辉,等.宁夏六盘山地区不同森林类型土壤的蓄水和渗透能力比较[J].水土保持学报,2007,21(1):95-98.
[24] Zhu B B,Li Z B,Li P,et al.Soil erodibility,microbial biomass,and physical-chemical property changes during long-term natural vegetation restoration:a case study in the Loess Plateau,China[J].Ecological Research,2010,25(3):531-541.
© 2004-2018 中国地质图书馆版权所有 京ICP备05064691号 京公网安备11010802017129号 地址：北京市海淀区学院路29号 邮编：100083 电话：办公室：(+86 10)66554848；文献借阅、咨询服务、科技查新：66554700 |