类X-37B升力体再入飞行通信特性中断研究
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摘要
针对再入非平衡等离子流场的数值仿真方法及等离子体鞘套对不同波段电磁波传输特性的预测开展研究。首先,利用某工程钝头体飞行器再入实测通信飞行测量数据,初步校验数值仿真等离子体特性和通信特性方法的正确性;其次,在典型弹道下针对升力体再入飞行器开展等离子体鞘套数值仿真,分别给出S波段、Ka波段与K波段电磁波衰减特性,研究指出结合当前国内中继星体制情况采用高频段电磁波Ka波段或K波段中继通信方式是解决通信黑障的技术途径之一;最后,研究了电磁波数衰减受传播方向角和攻角的影响规律。研究结果可为发展解决我国再入飞行器通信黑障的设计方案提供参考。
The numerical simulation method and the transport of the communication characteristics for different electromagnetic waves of the plasma sheath are analyzed. Firstly, based on the flight communication data of a blunt-nosed project, the numerical simulation method and the transport method of the communication characteristics in this paper are preliminarily proved to be feasible. Secondly, the communication characteristics of the plasma sheath for the lifting reentry vehicle are obtained in the typical trajectory. The transport of the communication characteristics for the S-band signals, Ka-band signals and K-band signals are also investigated, which indicates that the high-frequency signals will improve the communication characteristics and can be an effective technical approach for solving the communication blackout based on the domestic relay method. Finally, the influences on the transport of the communication characteristics of the direction angle and the angle of attack are investigated. The results can provide a reference for the communication design of the reentry vehicles to solve the communication blackout in China.
The numerical simulation method and the transport of the communication characteristics for different electromagnetic waves of the plasma sheath are analyzed. Firstly, based on the flight communication data of a blunt-nosed project, the numerical simulation method and the transport method of the communication characteristics in this paper are preliminarily proved to be feasible. Secondly, the communication characteristics of the plasma sheath for the lifting reentry vehicle are obtained in the typical trajectory. The transport of the communication characteristics for the S-band signals, Ka-band signals and K-band signals are also investigated, which indicates that the high-frequency signals will improve the communication characteristics and can be an effective technical approach for solving the communication blackout based on the domestic relay method. Finally, the influences on the transport of the communication characteristics of the direction angle and the angle of attack are investigated. The results can provide a reference for the communication design of the reentry vehicles to solve the communication blackout in China.
引文
[1] 张志成.气动物理学[M].北京:国防工业出版社,2013.
[2] 崔平远,窦强,高艾. 火星大气进入段通信“黑障”问题研究综述[J]. 宇航学报, 2014, 35(1): 1-12. [Cui Ping-yuan, Dou Qiang, Cao Ai. Review of communication blackout problems encountered during Mars entry phase[J]. Journal of Astronautics, 2014, 35(1): 1-12.]
[3] 高铁锁,董维中,江涛,等. 化学模型对数值模拟等离子体流动的影响研究[J]. 宇航学报, 2016, 37(10):1193-1199. [Gao Tie-suo, Dong Wei-zhong, Jiang Tao, et al. Research on effects of chemical models on numerical simulation of plasma flow[J]. Journal of Astronautics, 2016, 37(10): 1193-1199.]
[4] Kim M, Keidar M, Boyd I D.Analysis of an electromagnetic mitigation scheme for reentry telemetry through plasma[J]. Journal of Spacecraft and Rockets, 2008, 45(6): 1223-1229.
[5] Charles H.Recommendations from the workshop on communications through plasma during hypersonic flight[R]. AIAA-2009-1718.
[6] Nusca M J, Cooper G R. Computational simulation of EM attenuation by plasmas formed in hypervelocity atmospheric night[R]. AIAA-98-1573.
[7] Dunn M G, Kang S W. Theoretical and experimental studies of reentry plasmas[R]. NASA-CR-2232, 1973.
[8] Park C.On convergence of computation of chemically reacting flows[R]. AIAA-85-0247.
[9] Park C. Assessment of two-temperature kinetic model for ionizng air[R]. AIAA-87-1574.
[10] Park C.A review of reaction rates in high temperature air[R]. AIAA-89-1740.
[11] Park C.Review of chemical-kinetic problems of future NASA missions, I: Earth entries[J].Journal of Thermophysics and Heat Transfer, 1993, 7(3): 385-398.
[12] Park C, Howe J T, Jaffe R L. Review of chemical-kinetic problems of future NASA missions,II:Mars Entries[J]. Journal of Thermophysics and Heat Transkr, 1994, 8(1): 9-23.
[13] 高铁锁,董维中,丁明松,等. 物理化学模型对高温流场等离子体分布的影响[J].空气动力学学报, 2013, 31(5): 541-545. [Gao Tie-suo, Dong Wei-Zhong, Ding Ming-song, et al. The effects of physicochemical models on distribution of plasma in high-temperature flowfield[J]. Acta Aerodynamica Sinca, 2013, 31(5): 541-545.]
[14] Ginzberg V L. The propagation of electromagnetic waves in plasma[M]. New York: Pergamon Press, 1970.
[15] Shi J M. Scattering cross-section of an inhomogeneous plasma cylinder[J]. International Journal of Infrared and Millimeter Waves, 1995, 16(3): 19-27.
[16] 王柏懿. 再入等离子体鞘的电波传播特性[J]. 宇航学报, 1982(2): 81-101. [Wang Bai-yi. Characteristic of electromagnetic wave in reentry plasma sheath[J]. Journal of Astronautics, 1982(2): 81-101.]
[17] 谢楷,李小平,杨敏,等. L、S频段电磁波在等离子体重衰减试验研究[J]. 宇航学报, 2013, 34(8): 1166-1171. [Xie Kai, Li Xiao-ping, Yang Min,et al. Experimental study on attenuation characteristics of L and S band electromagnetic wave in plasma[J]. Journal of Astronautics, 2013, 34(8): 1166-1171.]
[18] Hartunian R A, Stewart G E, Ravn O. Causes and mitigation of radio frequency blackout during reentry of reusable launch vehicles[R].E1 Segundo: Aerosp. Corporation, ATR-2007(5309-1), Jan. 2007.
[19] 刘嘉兴. 发展Ka频段测控通信系统的思考[J]. 宇航学报, 2008, 29(6): 1685-1688. [Liu Jia-xing. Ideas on development of Ka band tracking, telemetry, command and communication system[J]. Journal of Astronautics, 2008, 29(6): 1685-1688.]
[20] 王家胜,经姚翔,杨显强,等. 采用卫星中继克服航天器再入通信黑障的途径[J]. 航天器工程, 2015, 24(3): 1-8. [Wang Jia-sheng, Jing Yao-xiang, Yang Xian-qiang, et al. On approaches to overcome spacecraft reentry communication blackout using satellite relay[J]. 2015, 24(3): 1-8.]
[21] 王家胜,杨显强,经姚翔,等. 钝头型航天器再入通信黑障及对策研究[J]. 航天器工程, 2014, 23(1): 6-16. [Wang Jia-sheng, Yang Xian-qiang, Jing Yao-xiang, et al. On the communication blackout during reentry of blunt-nosed spacecraft and its eliminating approaches[J]. 2014, 23(1): 6-16.]
[22] Kim K H, Kim C, Rho O H. Accurate computations of hypersonic flows using AUSMPW+ scheme and shock-aligned grid technique[R]. AIAA-98-2442.
[23] Candler G V, MacCormack R W. The computation of hypersonic ionized flows in chemical and thermal nonequilibium[R]. AIAA-88-05l1.
[2] 崔平远,窦强,高艾. 火星大气进入段通信“黑障”问题研究综述[J]. 宇航学报, 2014, 35(1): 1-12. [Cui Ping-yuan, Dou Qiang, Cao Ai. Review of communication blackout problems encountered during Mars entry phase[J]. Journal of Astronautics, 2014, 35(1): 1-12.]
[3] 高铁锁,董维中,江涛,等. 化学模型对数值模拟等离子体流动的影响研究[J]. 宇航学报, 2016, 37(10):1193-1199. [Gao Tie-suo, Dong Wei-zhong, Jiang Tao, et al. Research on effects of chemical models on numerical simulation of plasma flow[J]. Journal of Astronautics, 2016, 37(10): 1193-1199.]
[4] Kim M, Keidar M, Boyd I D.Analysis of an electromagnetic mitigation scheme for reentry telemetry through plasma[J]. Journal of Spacecraft and Rockets, 2008, 45(6): 1223-1229.
[5] Charles H.Recommendations from the workshop on communications through plasma during hypersonic flight[R]. AIAA-2009-1718.
[6] Nusca M J, Cooper G R. Computational simulation of EM attenuation by plasmas formed in hypervelocity atmospheric night[R]. AIAA-98-1573.
[7] Dunn M G, Kang S W. Theoretical and experimental studies of reentry plasmas[R]. NASA-CR-2232, 1973.
[8] Park C.On convergence of computation of chemically reacting flows[R]. AIAA-85-0247.
[9] Park C. Assessment of two-temperature kinetic model for ionizng air[R]. AIAA-87-1574.
[10] Park C.A review of reaction rates in high temperature air[R]. AIAA-89-1740.
[11] Park C.Review of chemical-kinetic problems of future NASA missions, I: Earth entries[J].Journal of Thermophysics and Heat Transfer, 1993, 7(3): 385-398.
[12] Park C, Howe J T, Jaffe R L. Review of chemical-kinetic problems of future NASA missions,II:Mars Entries[J]. Journal of Thermophysics and Heat Transkr, 1994, 8(1): 9-23.
[13] 高铁锁,董维中,丁明松,等. 物理化学模型对高温流场等离子体分布的影响[J].空气动力学学报, 2013, 31(5): 541-545. [Gao Tie-suo, Dong Wei-Zhong, Ding Ming-song, et al. The effects of physicochemical models on distribution of plasma in high-temperature flowfield[J]. Acta Aerodynamica Sinca, 2013, 31(5): 541-545.]
[14] Ginzberg V L. The propagation of electromagnetic waves in plasma[M]. New York: Pergamon Press, 1970.
[15] Shi J M. Scattering cross-section of an inhomogeneous plasma cylinder[J]. International Journal of Infrared and Millimeter Waves, 1995, 16(3): 19-27.
[16] 王柏懿. 再入等离子体鞘的电波传播特性[J]. 宇航学报, 1982(2): 81-101. [Wang Bai-yi. Characteristic of electromagnetic wave in reentry plasma sheath[J]. Journal of Astronautics, 1982(2): 81-101.]
[17] 谢楷,李小平,杨敏,等. L、S频段电磁波在等离子体重衰减试验研究[J]. 宇航学报, 2013, 34(8): 1166-1171. [Xie Kai, Li Xiao-ping, Yang Min,et al. Experimental study on attenuation characteristics of L and S band electromagnetic wave in plasma[J]. Journal of Astronautics, 2013, 34(8): 1166-1171.]
[18] Hartunian R A, Stewart G E, Ravn O. Causes and mitigation of radio frequency blackout during reentry of reusable launch vehicles[R].E1 Segundo: Aerosp. Corporation, ATR-2007(5309-1), Jan. 2007.
[19] 刘嘉兴. 发展Ka频段测控通信系统的思考[J]. 宇航学报, 2008, 29(6): 1685-1688. [Liu Jia-xing. Ideas on development of Ka band tracking, telemetry, command and communication system[J]. Journal of Astronautics, 2008, 29(6): 1685-1688.]
[20] 王家胜,经姚翔,杨显强,等. 采用卫星中继克服航天器再入通信黑障的途径[J]. 航天器工程, 2015, 24(3): 1-8. [Wang Jia-sheng, Jing Yao-xiang, Yang Xian-qiang, et al. On approaches to overcome spacecraft reentry communication blackout using satellite relay[J]. 2015, 24(3): 1-8.]
[21] 王家胜,杨显强,经姚翔,等. 钝头型航天器再入通信黑障及对策研究[J]. 航天器工程, 2014, 23(1): 6-16. [Wang Jia-sheng, Yang Xian-qiang, Jing Yao-xiang, et al. On the communication blackout during reentry of blunt-nosed spacecraft and its eliminating approaches[J]. 2014, 23(1): 6-16.]
[22] Kim K H, Kim C, Rho O H. Accurate computations of hypersonic flows using AUSMPW+ scheme and shock-aligned grid technique[R]. AIAA-98-2442.
[23] Candler G V, MacCormack R W. The computation of hypersonic ionized flows in chemical and thermal nonequilibium[R]. AIAA-88-05l1.