基于时变子波的品质因子估计
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摘要
地下介质的地层滤波效应和吸收衰减效应会使地震信号频带变窄、主频降低、相位畸变。在对非稳态地震记录进行时变子波估计的基础上,从频率域和时间域两方面研究子波的时变性与品质因子的关系。首先推导非稳态记录正演模拟的时间域实现方法,通过子波褶积矩阵表达传播子波的时变性;其次,基于最优化思想,在给定范围内扫描Q值,使深部和浅部两个传播子波达到最佳匹配,提出了频率域子波匹配Q值估计方法和时间域子波匹配Q值估计方法。相比于常用的谱比法,频率域子波匹配法不需要做谱比,并通过最小二乘优化算法替代线性回归,具有更高的抗噪性。时间域子波匹配法通过子波褶积矩阵引入衰减响应,从根本上避免谱估计的误差,具有更高的精度。理论模型和实际数据计算结果表明,两种方法都能快速有效地估计品质因子,与时变子波谱比法相比,对低信噪比数据具有更强的鲁棒性。同时,模型测试表明品质因子估计结果的纵向分辨率有限,两个子波间的时间间隔制约着估计精度。
The stratigraphic filtering and viscoelasticity attenuation can cause narrower seismic frequency band,lower dominant frequency,and phase distortion.The Qestimation and inverse Qfiltering are important tools for attenuation compensation and resolution improvement.We propose a Qestimation methods for surface seismic datasets.The propagating wavelet is subject to stratigraphic filtering,viscoelastic attenuation,and concomitant dispersion,which causing timevarying characteristics.Firstly,the nonstationary seismic forward modeling is achieved in the time domain by wavelet convolve matrix,which shows the time-varying characteristics of propagating wavelet.Secondly,based on the estimation of time-varying propagating wavelets,we study the Q estimation from wavelets time-varying characteristics both in the time domain and frequency domain.The optimization method is used to scanning Qin order to minimize the difference between two wavelets at two different depths.The timevarying wavelet spectral match(TWSM)needs no spectral ratio or linear regression,therefore has better noise resistance than the logarithmic spectral ratio(LSR)method.The time-varying wavelet time-domain match(TWTM)has higher accuracy because of no spectral estimation.Tests on both synthetic and real data demonstrate that the two methods can achieve a fast Qestimation,and have better robust Qestimation on low SNR data than the time-varying wavelet logarithmic spectral ratio(TWLSR).The synthetic data examples also show relation between the Qestimation accuracy and the time interval of two wavelets,which means the Qestimation has resolution limitation.
The stratigraphic filtering and viscoelasticity attenuation can cause narrower seismic frequency band,lower dominant frequency,and phase distortion.The Qestimation and inverse Qfiltering are important tools for attenuation compensation and resolution improvement.We propose a Qestimation methods for surface seismic datasets.The propagating wavelet is subject to stratigraphic filtering,viscoelastic attenuation,and concomitant dispersion,which causing timevarying characteristics.Firstly,the nonstationary seismic forward modeling is achieved in the time domain by wavelet convolve matrix,which shows the time-varying characteristics of propagating wavelet.Secondly,based on the estimation of time-varying propagating wavelets,we study the Q estimation from wavelets time-varying characteristics both in the time domain and frequency domain.The optimization method is used to scanning Qin order to minimize the difference between two wavelets at two different depths.The timevarying wavelet spectral match(TWSM)needs no spectral ratio or linear regression,therefore has better noise resistance than the logarithmic spectral ratio(LSR)method.The time-varying wavelet time-domain match(TWTM)has higher accuracy because of no spectral estimation.Tests on both synthetic and real data demonstrate that the two methods can achieve a fast Qestimation,and have better robust Qestimation on low SNR data than the time-varying wavelet logarithmic spectral ratio(TWLSR).The synthetic data examples also show relation between the Qestimation accuracy and the time interval of two wavelets,which means the Qestimation has resolution limitation.
引文
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[2]Chai X,Wang S,Yuan S et al.Sparse reflectivity inversion for nonstationary seismic data.Geophysics,2014,79(3):V93-V105.
[3]Yuan S Y,Wang S X,Tian N et al.Stable inversionbased multitrace deabsorption method for spatial continuity preservation and weak signal compensation.Geophysics,2016,81(3):V199-V212.
[4]Wang Y.Inverse Qfilter for seismic resolution enhancement.Geophysics,2006,71(3):V51-V60.
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[10]Bath M.Developments in Solid Earth Geophysics.Elsevier Science Publishing Co,1974.
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[15]Jeng Y,Tsai J Y,Chen S H.An improved method of determining near-surface Q.Geophysics,1999,64(5):1608-1617.
[16]Reine C,Clark R,Van der Baan M.Robust prestack Q-determination using surface seismic data,Part 1:Method and synthetic examples.Geophysics,2012,77(1):R45-R56.
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[18]Raji W O,Rietbrock A.Determination of quality factor(Q)in reflection seismic data.SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts,2013,32:5164-5168.
[19]Zhang C,Ulrych T J.Estimation of quality factors from CMP records.Geophysics,2002,67(5):1542-1547.
[20]Liu Y,Wei X.Interval Qinversion from CMP gathers,Part I:Absorption equation.SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts,2005,24:1717-1720.
[21]Liu Y,Wei X.Interval Qinversion from CMP gathers,Part II:Inversion method.SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts,2005,24:1721-1724.
[22]Oliveira F,Figueiredo J J S,Oliveira A G et al.Estimation of quality factor based on peak frequency-shift method and redatuming operator:Application in real data set.Geophysics,2017,82(1):N1-N12.
[23]刘国昌,陈小宏,杜婧等.基于整形正则化和S变换的Q值估计方法.石油地球物理勘探,2011,46(3):417-422.Liu Guochang,Chen Xiaohong,Du Jing et al.Seismic Qestimation using S-transform with regularized inversion.OGP,2011,46(3):417-422.
[24]付勋勋,徐峰,秦启荣等.基于改进的广义S变换求取地层品质因子Q值.石油地球物理勘探,2012,47(3):457-461.Fu Xunxun,Xu Feng,Qin Qirong et al.Estimation of quality factor based on improved generalized S-transform.OGP,2012,47(3):457-461.
[25]魏文,李红梅,穆玉庆等.中心频率法估算地层吸收系数.石油地球物理勘探,2012,47(5):735-739.Wei Wen,Li Hongmei,Mu Yuqing et al.Estimation of stratigraphic absorption parameter based on center frequency method.OGP,2012,47(5):735-739.
[26]Margrave G F,Lamoureux M P,Henley D C.Gabor deconvolution:Estimating reflectivity by nonstationary deconvolution of seismic data.Geophysics,2011,76(3):W15-W30.
[27]刘喜恒,刘国昌,崔永谦等.局部时频变换横向约束Q值估计方法.石油地球物理勘探,2016,51(5):868-874.Liu Xiheng,Liu Guochang,Cui Yongqian et al.Qestimation with lateral constraint based on local time-frequency transform.OGP,2016,51(5):868-874.
[28]云美厚,党鹏飞,李伟娜等.地层品质因子Q值地震反演问题剖析.石油地球物理勘探,2017,52(1):189-198.Yun Meihou,Dang Pengfei,Li Weina et al.On issues of formation quality factor Qinversion.OGP,2017,52(1):189-198.
[29]Van der Baan M,Fomel S,Perz M.Nonstationary phase estimation:A tool for seismic interpretation?The Leading Edge,2010,29(9):1020-1026.
[30]Feng W,Hu T Y,Zhang Y et al.Time-varying wavelet estimation by hybrid method.77th EAGE Conference&Exhibition Extended Abstracts,2015,P608.
[31]冯玮,胡天跃,姚逢昌等.非稳态地震记录时变子波估计.地球物理学报,2017,60(1):305-315.Feng Wei,Hu Tianyue,Yao Fengchang et al.Timevarying seismic wavelet estimation from nonstationary seismic data.Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2017,60(1):305-315.
[32]Morozov I,Ahmadi A B.Taxonomy of Q.Geophysics,2015,80(1):T41-T49.
[33]White R E.Accuracy of estimating Q from seismic data.Geophysics,1992,57(11):1508-1511.
[34]Wang Y.Seismic Inverse Q Filtering.Blackwell Publishing,2008.
[35]Kjartansson E.Constant Q-wave propagation and attenuation.Journal of Geophysical Research,1979,84(B9):4737-4748.
[36]Blias E.Accurate interval Q-factor estimation from VSP data.Geophysics,2012,77(3):WA149-WA156.
[37]Riedel K S,Sidorenko A.Minimum bias multiple taper spectral estimation.IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing,1995,43(1):188-195.
[38]Naeini E Z,Gunning J,White R.Well tie for broadband seismic data.Geophysical Prospecting,2017,65(2):503-522.
[39]White R E,Naeini E Z.Broad-band well tie.76th EA-GE Conference&Exhibition Extended Abstracts,2014.
[40]孙龙德,李曰俊,江同文等.塔里木盆地塔中低凸起:一个典型的复式油气聚集区.地质科学,2007,42(3):330-334.Sun Longde,Li Yuejun,Jiang Tongwen et al.The central Tarim lower uplift:a composite hydrocarbon accumulation play in the Tarim basin,NW China.Chinese Journal of Geology,2007,42(3):330-334.
[41]Leaney W S.Walkaway Q inversion.SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts,1999,18:1311-1314.
[2]Chai X,Wang S,Yuan S et al.Sparse reflectivity inversion for nonstationary seismic data.Geophysics,2014,79(3):V93-V105.
[3]Yuan S Y,Wang S X,Tian N et al.Stable inversionbased multitrace deabsorption method for spatial continuity preservation and weak signal compensation.Geophysics,2016,81(3):V199-V212.
[4]Wang Y.Inverse Qfilter for seismic resolution enhancement.Geophysics,2006,71(3):V51-V60.
[5]Li G F,Liu Y,Zheng H et al.Absorption decomposition and compensation via a two-step scheme.Geophysics,2015,80(6):V145-V155.
[6]O'Doherty R F,Anstey N A.Reflections on amplitudes.Geophysical Prospecting,1971,19(3):430-458
[7]Schoenberger M,Levin F K.Apparent attenuation due to intrabed multiples.Geophysics,1974,39(3):278-291.
[8]Müller T M,Gurevich B,Lebedev M.Seismic wave attenuation and dispersion resulting from wave-induced flow in porous rocks-A review.Geophysics,2010,75(5):A147-A164.
[9]Tonn R.The determination of the seismic quality factor Qfrom VSP data:A comparison of different computational methods.Geophysical Prospecting,1991,39(1):1-27.
[10]Bath M.Developments in Solid Earth Geophysics.Elsevier Science Publishing Co,1974.
[11]Quan Y,Harris J M.Seismic attenuation tomography using the frequency shift method.Geophysics,1997,62(3):895-905.
[12]杨登锋,秦成岗,汪瑞良等.能量谱质心频移法Q值估计.石油地球物理勘探,2016,51(5):863-867.Yang Dengfeng,Qin Chenggang,Wang Ruiliang et al.Qfactor estimation based on the centroid frequency shift of energy spectrum.OGP,2016,51(5):863-867.
[13]高静怀,杨森林.利用零偏移VSP资料估计介质品质因子方法研究.地球物理学报,2007,50(4):1198-1209.Gao Jinghuai,Yang Senlin.On the method of quality factors estimation from zero-offset VSP data.Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2007,50(4):1198-1209.
[14]Dasgupta R,Clark R A.Estimation of Qfrom surface seismic reflection data.Geophysics,1998,63(6):2120-2128.
[15]Jeng Y,Tsai J Y,Chen S H.An improved method of determining near-surface Q.Geophysics,1999,64(5):1608-1617.
[16]Reine C,Clark R,Van der Baan M.Robust prestack Q-determination using surface seismic data,Part 1:Method and synthetic examples.Geophysics,2012,77(1):R45-R56.
[17]Reine C,Clark R,Van der Baan M.Robust prestack Q-determination using surface seismic data,Part 2:3Dcase study.Geophysics,2012,77(1):B1-B10.
[18]Raji W O,Rietbrock A.Determination of quality factor(Q)in reflection seismic data.SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts,2013,32:5164-5168.
[19]Zhang C,Ulrych T J.Estimation of quality factors from CMP records.Geophysics,2002,67(5):1542-1547.
[20]Liu Y,Wei X.Interval Qinversion from CMP gathers,Part I:Absorption equation.SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts,2005,24:1717-1720.
[21]Liu Y,Wei X.Interval Qinversion from CMP gathers,Part II:Inversion method.SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts,2005,24:1721-1724.
[22]Oliveira F,Figueiredo J J S,Oliveira A G et al.Estimation of quality factor based on peak frequency-shift method and redatuming operator:Application in real data set.Geophysics,2017,82(1):N1-N12.
[23]刘国昌,陈小宏,杜婧等.基于整形正则化和S变换的Q值估计方法.石油地球物理勘探,2011,46(3):417-422.Liu Guochang,Chen Xiaohong,Du Jing et al.Seismic Qestimation using S-transform with regularized inversion.OGP,2011,46(3):417-422.
[24]付勋勋,徐峰,秦启荣等.基于改进的广义S变换求取地层品质因子Q值.石油地球物理勘探,2012,47(3):457-461.Fu Xunxun,Xu Feng,Qin Qirong et al.Estimation of quality factor based on improved generalized S-transform.OGP,2012,47(3):457-461.
[25]魏文,李红梅,穆玉庆等.中心频率法估算地层吸收系数.石油地球物理勘探,2012,47(5):735-739.Wei Wen,Li Hongmei,Mu Yuqing et al.Estimation of stratigraphic absorption parameter based on center frequency method.OGP,2012,47(5):735-739.
[26]Margrave G F,Lamoureux M P,Henley D C.Gabor deconvolution:Estimating reflectivity by nonstationary deconvolution of seismic data.Geophysics,2011,76(3):W15-W30.
[27]刘喜恒,刘国昌,崔永谦等.局部时频变换横向约束Q值估计方法.石油地球物理勘探,2016,51(5):868-874.Liu Xiheng,Liu Guochang,Cui Yongqian et al.Qestimation with lateral constraint based on local time-frequency transform.OGP,2016,51(5):868-874.
[28]云美厚,党鹏飞,李伟娜等.地层品质因子Q值地震反演问题剖析.石油地球物理勘探,2017,52(1):189-198.Yun Meihou,Dang Pengfei,Li Weina et al.On issues of formation quality factor Qinversion.OGP,2017,52(1):189-198.
[29]Van der Baan M,Fomel S,Perz M.Nonstationary phase estimation:A tool for seismic interpretation?The Leading Edge,2010,29(9):1020-1026.
[30]Feng W,Hu T Y,Zhang Y et al.Time-varying wavelet estimation by hybrid method.77th EAGE Conference&Exhibition Extended Abstracts,2015,P608.
[31]冯玮,胡天跃,姚逢昌等.非稳态地震记录时变子波估计.地球物理学报,2017,60(1):305-315.Feng Wei,Hu Tianyue,Yao Fengchang et al.Timevarying seismic wavelet estimation from nonstationary seismic data.Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2017,60(1):305-315.
[32]Morozov I,Ahmadi A B.Taxonomy of Q.Geophysics,2015,80(1):T41-T49.
[33]White R E.Accuracy of estimating Q from seismic data.Geophysics,1992,57(11):1508-1511.
[34]Wang Y.Seismic Inverse Q Filtering.Blackwell Publishing,2008.
[35]Kjartansson E.Constant Q-wave propagation and attenuation.Journal of Geophysical Research,1979,84(B9):4737-4748.
[36]Blias E.Accurate interval Q-factor estimation from VSP data.Geophysics,2012,77(3):WA149-WA156.
[37]Riedel K S,Sidorenko A.Minimum bias multiple taper spectral estimation.IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing,1995,43(1):188-195.
[38]Naeini E Z,Gunning J,White R.Well tie for broadband seismic data.Geophysical Prospecting,2017,65(2):503-522.
[39]White R E,Naeini E Z.Broad-band well tie.76th EA-GE Conference&Exhibition Extended Abstracts,2014.
[40]孙龙德,李曰俊,江同文等.塔里木盆地塔中低凸起:一个典型的复式油气聚集区.地质科学,2007,42(3):330-334.Sun Longde,Li Yuejun,Jiang Tongwen et al.The central Tarim lower uplift:a composite hydrocarbon accumulation play in the Tarim basin,NW China.Chinese Journal of Geology,2007,42(3):330-334.
[41]Leaney W S.Walkaway Q inversion.SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts,1999,18:1311-1314.