汽车悬架减振器绕流涡旋动态特性分析
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摘要
为了解决麦弗逊悬架运动造成其翼子板内流场特性多变的问题。通过将问题简化为绕流圆柱平面流场,首先利用湍动能-比耗散率剪切压力传输模型方程对静态的圆柱绕流体模型进行理论计算和仿真,获得了稳定涡旋下的升力、阻力系数及斯特劳哈尔数等特征值。在此基础上,分析空气流速、减振器直径、横向振动频率和振幅等结构和动力学参数对涡旋动态特性的影响,获得了平均升力系数和瞬时阻力系数曲线的拟合方程。结果表明,斯特劳哈尔数的最大误差为5%,简化模型忽略减振器结构的三维效应是可以接受的;脱涡频率与减振器直径的倒数成二次关系;横向振动频率则对动态脱涡频率起到了关键作用,且对流场的压力分布影响显著,而横向振幅对无边界流场条件下的涡旋特性及压力场分布影响不大。
The problem of variable flow field characteristics in the fenders caused by MacPherson suspension is one of the difficulties that hamper the energy regeneration of swirling around the shock absorber. This problem is simplified as a flow past the cylindrical in two-dimensional space. First,using the turbulent kinetic energy-specific dissipation rate equation to perform theoretical calculations and simulations on a static cylindrical flow model,the characteristic values of lift,drag coefficient and Strouhal number etc under stable vortex are obtained. On this basis,the effects of structural parameters such as air velocity,shock absorber diameter,transverse vibration frequency and amplitude on the dynamic characteristics of the vortex are analyzed,and the fitting equations of the average lift coefficient and the drag coefficient curve are obtained. The results show that the maximum error of Strouhal number is 5%; The simplified model that ignores the three-dimensional effect of the shock absorber structure is acceptable;The frequency of vortex shedding is in quadratic relation to the inverse of the shock absorber diameter; Transverse vibration frequency plays a key role in the frequency of dynamic vortex shedding; And transverse vibration frequency has a significant influence on the pressure distribution of the flow field; The lateral amplitude has little effect on the vortex characteristics and pressure distribution under the boundaryless flow field conditions.
The problem of variable flow field characteristics in the fenders caused by MacPherson suspension is one of the difficulties that hamper the energy regeneration of swirling around the shock absorber. This problem is simplified as a flow past the cylindrical in two-dimensional space. First,using the turbulent kinetic energy-specific dissipation rate equation to perform theoretical calculations and simulations on a static cylindrical flow model,the characteristic values of lift,drag coefficient and Strouhal number etc under stable vortex are obtained. On this basis,the effects of structural parameters such as air velocity,shock absorber diameter,transverse vibration frequency and amplitude on the dynamic characteristics of the vortex are analyzed,and the fitting equations of the average lift coefficient and the drag coefficient curve are obtained. The results show that the maximum error of Strouhal number is 5%; The simplified model that ignores the three-dimensional effect of the shock absorber structure is acceptable;The frequency of vortex shedding is in quadratic relation to the inverse of the shock absorber diameter; Transverse vibration frequency plays a key role in the frequency of dynamic vortex shedding; And transverse vibration frequency has a significant influence on the pressure distribution of the flow field; The lateral amplitude has little effect on the vortex characteristics and pressure distribution under the boundaryless flow field conditions.
引文
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8 时晓锐,肖峰,刘玉英.直立高耸裸塔的防振措施[J].化工设备与管道,2013,50(3):43-44Shi Xiaorui,Xiao Feng,Liu Yuying. Vibration protection method for high vertical free-standing column[J]. Process Equipment&Piping,2013,50(3):43-44
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2 汪若尘,蒋秋明,叶青,等.液压互联馈能悬架特性分析与试验[J].农业机械学报,2017,48(8):350-357Wang Ruochen,Jiang Qiuming,Ye Qing,et al. Characteristics analysis and experiment of hydraulic interconnected energy-regenerative suspension[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2017,48(8):350-357
3 王夫亮,尹章顺,陈枫,等.车轮旋转条件下前轮导流板气动减阻机理研究[J].汽车工程,2016,38(2):157-162Wang Fuliang,Yin Zhangshun,Chen Feng,et al. A research on the aerodynamic drag reduction mechanism of front wheel deflectors in a condition of wheel rotation[J]. Automotive Engineering,2016,38(2):157-162
4 乔永亮,桂洪斌,刘祥鑫.三维圆柱绕流数值模拟湍流方法的选择[J].水利水运工程学报,2016(3):119-125Qiao Yongliang,Gui Hongbin,Liu Xiangxin. Analysis of three-dimensional numerical simulation methods for turbulent flow past circular cylinder[J]. Hydro-Science and Engineering, 2016(3):119-125
5 何颖,杨新民,陈志华,等.旋转圆柱绕流的流场特性[J].船舶力学,2015,19(5):501-508He Ying,Yang Xinmin,Chen Zhihua,et al. Flow field characteristics of flow past a rotating cylinder[J]. Journal of Ship Mechanics,2015,19(5):501-508
6 梁亮文,万德成.横向受迫振荡圆柱低雷诺数绕流问题数值模拟[J].海洋工程,2009,27(4):45-53Liang Liangwen,Wan Decheng. Numerical investigation of a forced oscillating cylinder in a cross flows with low Reynolds number[J].The Ocean Engineering,2009,27(4):45-53
7 武玉涛,任华堂,夏建新.圆柱绕流研究进展及展望[J].水运工程,2017(2):19-26Wu Yutao,Ren Huatang,Xia Jianxin,et al. Research progress and prospects on flow across cylinder[J]. Port&Waterway Engineering,2017(2):19-26
8 时晓锐,肖峰,刘玉英.直立高耸裸塔的防振措施[J].化工设备与管道,2013,50(3):43-44Shi Xiaorui,Xiao Feng,Liu Yuying. Vibration protection method for high vertical free-standing column[J]. Process Equipment&Piping,2013,50(3):43-44
9 Yan X L,Deng H L. Analytical solutions to incompressible NavierStokes equations[J]. Jilin Normal University Journal(Natural Science Edition),2010,32(1):71-78
10 Wilcox D C. Turbulence modeling for CFD[M]. 3rd ed. California:DCW Industries La Canada,1998:363—367
11 Cantwell B,Coles D. An experimental study of entrainment and transport in the turbulent near wake of a circular cylinder[J]. Physics of Fluids,2015,136(8):47