夫妻教育匹配对婚姻质量的影响研究——基于社会性别的视角
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摘要
现代的婚姻市场中,教育匹配已成为婚姻关系建构的关键性原则,同时伴随女性社会地位的提升,婚姻中的两性关系也逐渐趋于平等。研究使用中国教育追踪调查(CEPS 2013～2014)父母卷与学生卷的主要数据,依据社会性别视角,考察了夫妻教育匹配对婚姻质量的影响。研究发现,教育程度相匹配的夫妻的婚姻质量高于不匹配的夫妻;在"妻高夫低"的教育匹配模式中,男性自身的教育水平在婚姻家庭中处于劣势时,婚姻包容度较低,而女性处于优势,甚至是极大优势时,婚姻包容度较低;在"夫高妻低"的教育匹配模式中,男性自身的教育水平在婚姻家庭中处于优势,甚至是极大优势时,婚姻包容度较高,而女性处于劣势时,婚姻包容度较高。研究建议提高教育获得的性别均等化程度,引导教育趋同性婚姻匹配模式,并进一步增强社会性别平等化观念,将有助于提升广大适婚家庭未来的婚姻质量。
In the modern marriage market,education match has become a key principle for the construction of marriage relationship. Meanwhile,with the improvement of women's social status,the relationship between the two sexes in marriage is also becoming more and more equal.The study used the main data of parents' and students' papers in the Chinese education tracking survey(CEPS 2013～2014),and examined the influence of education match between couples on marriage quality from the perspective of gender.The study found that couples with a education level match had higher marital quality than couples without a match.In the education match pattern of"high wife and low husband",when men's own education level is at a disadvantage in the marriage and family,marriage tolerance is low,while women are at an advantage,or even a great advantage,marriage tolerance is low.In the education matching model of"high husband,low wife",men's own education level is superior in marriage and family,or even great advantage,marriage tolerance is higher,while women are inferior,marriage tolerance is higher.The research suggests that increase the gender equality obtained by education,the guidance of education same-sex marriage matching model and further enhancing the concept of gender equality will contribute to the improvement of the marriage quality of the marriageable families in the future.
In the modern marriage market,education match has become a key principle for the construction of marriage relationship. Meanwhile,with the improvement of women's social status,the relationship between the two sexes in marriage is also becoming more and more equal.The study used the main data of parents' and students' papers in the Chinese education tracking survey(CEPS 2013～2014),and examined the influence of education match between couples on marriage quality from the perspective of gender.The study found that couples with a education level match had higher marital quality than couples without a match.In the education match pattern of"high wife and low husband",when men's own education level is at a disadvantage in the marriage and family,marriage tolerance is low,while women are at an advantage,or even a great advantage,marriage tolerance is low.In the education matching model of"high husband,low wife",men's own education level is superior in marriage and family,or even great advantage,marriage tolerance is higher,while women are inferior,marriage tolerance is higher.The research suggests that increase the gender equality obtained by education,the guidance of education same-sex marriage matching model and further enhancing the concept of gender equality will contribute to the improvement of the marriage quality of the marriageable families in the future.
引文
[1]毕文芬,初奇鸿.夫妻地位匹配与女性婚姻满意度的关系变迁[J].宁夏社会科学,2017(6):126-136.
[2]卢淑华,文国锋.婚姻质量的模型研究[J].妇女研究论丛,1999(2):8-16.
[3]王兵,刘利鸽,教育“梯度匹配”的夫妻更幸福吗?——基于CFPS数据5331个在婚女性的考察[J].深圳大学学报(人文社会科学版),2018(5):123-131.
[4] Blau P M,Duncan O D. The American Occupational Structure[M]. New York:Wiley,1967.
[5] Kalmijn M. Father Involvement in Childrearing and the Perceived Stability of Marriage[J]. Journal of Marriage and the Family,1999(2):409-421.
[6]牛建林.夫妻教育匹配对婚姻关系质量的影响研究[J].妇女研究论丛,2016(4):24-35.
[7]左际平.从多元视角分析中国城市的夫妻不平等[J].妇女研究论丛,2002(1):12-17.
[8] Codignola L. The Issue of Tridentina Marriage in a Composite North Atlantic World[J]. Journal of Early American History,2015(3):201-207.
[9]朱斌,乔天宇.“妻管严”的婚姻生活幸福吗?——基于家庭权力关系和婚姻满意度的分析[J].青年研究,2015(5):85-94.
[10]陆益龙.“门当户对”的婚姻会更稳吗?——匹配结构与离婚风险的实证分析[J].人口研究,2009(2):81-91.
[11]赵江涛.婚姻质量及其影响因素的分析模型[J].中州学刊,2009(2):118-120.
[12]王存同、余姣.中国婚姻满意度水平及影响因素的实证分析[J].妇女研究论丛,2013(1):25-32.
[13]李煜.婚姻的教育匹配:50年来的变迁[J].中国人口科学,2008(3):73-79.
[14]赵晔琴,郭璇,丁金宏.两地户口婚姻:类型分布、教育匹配及地域特征——以上海市为例[J].人口与发展,2016(6):37-46.
[15] Hartiman M. On the definition of status inconsistency[J]. American Journal of Sociology,1974.(3):706-721.
[16]续继、黄娅娜.性别认同与家庭中的婚姻及劳动表现[J].经济研究,2018(4):136-150.
[17]毕文芬,潘孝富.男性客观择偶偏好与婚姻满意度的路径分析[J].深圳大学学报(人文社会科学版),2017(4):123-130.
[18]王伟宜,谢玉娇.城乡高等教育机会获得的不平等及其演变——基于1982~2015年福建省的实证调查[J].东南学术,2018(5):236-245.
[19]梁颖,张志红,高文丽,阚唯.近40年我国18~59岁初婚夫妇婚姻匹配变动的城乡差异性分析[J].人口学刊,2018(2):60-71.
[20]陈建伟.教育的婚姻回报:“学得好”与“嫁得好”[J].上海财经大学学报,2015(6):22-34.
[21]韦艳,张力.农村大龄未婚男性的婚姻困境:基于性别不平等视角的认识[J].人口研究,2011(5):58-70.
(1)以上关于样本选择的信息来自于中国教育追踪调查(CEPS)基线数据使用手册。
(1)实际上,在STATA统计软件的操作中,Logistic和Logit模型得到的结果较为一致,只是Logit模型得到的是自变量的回归系数值B,而Logistic模型得到的是优势比OR/exp(B)。本研究仅列出回归系数值。二者间的关系为Odds Ratio=eB。
[2]卢淑华,文国锋.婚姻质量的模型研究[J].妇女研究论丛,1999(2):8-16.
[3]王兵,刘利鸽,教育“梯度匹配”的夫妻更幸福吗?——基于CFPS数据5331个在婚女性的考察[J].深圳大学学报(人文社会科学版),2018(5):123-131.
[4] Blau P M,Duncan O D. The American Occupational Structure[M]. New York:Wiley,1967.
[5] Kalmijn M. Father Involvement in Childrearing and the Perceived Stability of Marriage[J]. Journal of Marriage and the Family,1999(2):409-421.
[6]牛建林.夫妻教育匹配对婚姻关系质量的影响研究[J].妇女研究论丛,2016(4):24-35.
[7]左际平.从多元视角分析中国城市的夫妻不平等[J].妇女研究论丛,2002(1):12-17.
[8] Codignola L. The Issue of Tridentina Marriage in a Composite North Atlantic World[J]. Journal of Early American History,2015(3):201-207.
[9]朱斌,乔天宇.“妻管严”的婚姻生活幸福吗?——基于家庭权力关系和婚姻满意度的分析[J].青年研究,2015(5):85-94.
[10]陆益龙.“门当户对”的婚姻会更稳吗?——匹配结构与离婚风险的实证分析[J].人口研究,2009(2):81-91.
[11]赵江涛.婚姻质量及其影响因素的分析模型[J].中州学刊,2009(2):118-120.
[12]王存同、余姣.中国婚姻满意度水平及影响因素的实证分析[J].妇女研究论丛,2013(1):25-32.
[13]李煜.婚姻的教育匹配:50年来的变迁[J].中国人口科学,2008(3):73-79.
[14]赵晔琴,郭璇,丁金宏.两地户口婚姻:类型分布、教育匹配及地域特征——以上海市为例[J].人口与发展,2016(6):37-46.
[15] Hartiman M. On the definition of status inconsistency[J]. American Journal of Sociology,1974.(3):706-721.
[16]续继、黄娅娜.性别认同与家庭中的婚姻及劳动表现[J].经济研究,2018(4):136-150.
[17]毕文芬,潘孝富.男性客观择偶偏好与婚姻满意度的路径分析[J].深圳大学学报(人文社会科学版),2017(4):123-130.
[18]王伟宜,谢玉娇.城乡高等教育机会获得的不平等及其演变——基于1982~2015年福建省的实证调查[J].东南学术,2018(5):236-245.
[19]梁颖,张志红,高文丽,阚唯.近40年我国18~59岁初婚夫妇婚姻匹配变动的城乡差异性分析[J].人口学刊,2018(2):60-71.
[20]陈建伟.教育的婚姻回报:“学得好”与“嫁得好”[J].上海财经大学学报,2015(6):22-34.
[21]韦艳,张力.农村大龄未婚男性的婚姻困境:基于性别不平等视角的认识[J].人口研究,2011(5):58-70.
(1)以上关于样本选择的信息来自于中国教育追踪调查(CEPS)基线数据使用手册。
(1)实际上,在STATA统计软件的操作中,Logistic和Logit模型得到的结果较为一致,只是Logit模型得到的是自变量的回归系数值B,而Logistic模型得到的是优势比OR/exp(B)。本研究仅列出回归系数值。二者间的关系为Odds Ratio=eB。