道地产区阳春砂不同种质类型的果实品质分析
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摘要
目的对道地产区阳春砂不同种质类型的果实品质进行分析和比较,为其种质资源的评价及优良品种选育研究提供科学依据。方法采用常规的中药材性状鉴定方法观察与描述阳春砂不同种质类型(长果、圆果、黄苗仔)果实的性状特征;照《中国药典》(2015年版四部)挥发油测定法甲法测定种子团中挥发油的含量,并采用气相色谱-质谱联用(GC-MS)技术结合质谱数据库检索系统对挥发油组分进行分离鉴定,运用色谱峰面积归一化法计算各组分相对质量比;采用气相色谱法测定不同种质类型阳春砂果实中樟脑、龙脑及乙酸龙脑酯含量。结果阳春砂不同种质类型的果实外观性状特征上的差异主要体现在形状、大小、果皮厚度及种子团粒数等方面。长果、圆果和黄苗仔的挥发油含量分别为3.45%、3.33%、3.15%;乙酸龙脑酯含量分别为1.56%、1.19%、0.92%;樟脑含量分别为0.16%、0.15%、0.14%;龙脑含量分别为0.26%、0.12%、0.09%。三者的乙酸龙脑酯及挥发油的含量均达到了现行版《中国药典》的要求。结论阳春砂不同种质类型果实的挥发油含量及组分存在一定的差异,长果的挥发油、乙酸龙脑酯、樟脑及龙脑的含量最高,圆果其次,黄苗仔最低,表明阳春砂不同种质类型的果实品质存在一定的差异。
Objective To analyze the quality of different varieties of Amomum villosum Lour.Methods The morphological characteristics of fruits of different Amomum villosum Lour.varieties(big type,middle and small type of Amomum villosum)were observed.Content of volatile oil from seeds was determined according to the method in Chinese Pharmacopoeia(2015 edition).The components of essential oil were separated and identified by GC-MS method coupled with the standard MS spectral data base.The relative contents of different components in percentage were calculated by area normalization methods.And the contents of camphor,borneol and borneol acetate were simultaneously determined by GC method.Results Great differences were observed on respects of the fruit shape,size,peel thickness and seed mass of different varieties of Amomum villosum Lour.The essential oil contents of big type,middle type,and small type of Amomum villosum Lour.were 3.45%,3.33%and 3.15%,respectively.And the contents of borneol acetate were 1.56%,1.19%and 0.92%,respectively.The contents of camphor were 0.16%,0.15%and 0.14%,respectively.The contents of borneol were 0.26%,0.12%and 0.09%,respectively.The contents of borneol acetate and essential oil of the three kinds of fruits all met the requirements of Chinese pharmacopoeia.Conclusion It showed differences in the essential oil components and contents of different varieties of Amomum villosum Lour.Contents of camphor,borneol,borneol acetate and essential oil of big type of Amomum villosum Lour.were the highest,then the middle type,and the small type in order.The quality of fruits from different Amomum villosum Lour.varieties were different.
Objective To analyze the quality of different varieties of Amomum villosum Lour.Methods The morphological characteristics of fruits of different Amomum villosum Lour.varieties(big type,middle and small type of Amomum villosum)were observed.Content of volatile oil from seeds was determined according to the method in Chinese Pharmacopoeia(2015 edition).The components of essential oil were separated and identified by GC-MS method coupled with the standard MS spectral data base.The relative contents of different components in percentage were calculated by area normalization methods.And the contents of camphor,borneol and borneol acetate were simultaneously determined by GC method.Results Great differences were observed on respects of the fruit shape,size,peel thickness and seed mass of different varieties of Amomum villosum Lour.The essential oil contents of big type,middle type,and small type of Amomum villosum Lour.were 3.45%,3.33%and 3.15%,respectively.And the contents of borneol acetate were 1.56%,1.19%and 0.92%,respectively.The contents of camphor were 0.16%,0.15%and 0.14%,respectively.The contents of borneol were 0.26%,0.12%and 0.09%,respectively.The contents of borneol acetate and essential oil of the three kinds of fruits all met the requirements of Chinese pharmacopoeia.Conclusion It showed differences in the essential oil components and contents of different varieties of Amomum villosum Lour.Contents of camphor,borneol,borneol acetate and essential oil of big type of Amomum villosum Lour.were the highest,then the middle type,and the small type in order.The quality of fruits from different Amomum villosum Lour.varieties were different.
引文
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[12]曾志,席振春,蒙绍金,等.不同品种砂仁挥发性成分及质量评价研究[J].分析测试学报,2010,29(7):701-706.
[2]张丹雁,刘军民,徐鸿华.阳春砂不同栽培品种的比较鉴别[J].广州中医药大学学报,2005,22(1):1-3.
[3]何瑞,杨锦芬,詹若挺,等.道地产区不同栽培品种阳春砂果实与花形态特征调查与分析[J].广州中医药大学学报,2010,27(1):57.
[4]杨锦芬,刘艳,何瑞,等.阳春砂不同栽培品种种子的比较研究[J].广州中医药大学学报,2011,28(1):66-69,108.
[5]宁鑫,吴睿,何瑞,等.不同栽培品种阳春砂的化学成分比较研究[J].广州中医药大学学报,2010,27(3):293.
[6]赖小平,刘心纯.中药砂仁五个品种的生药鉴定[J].广州中医学院学报,1989,6(4):242.
[7]刘家水,张丹雁,郑少燕.4种不同栽培品系阳春砂红外光谱特征的比较研究[J].中国实验方剂学,2013,19(4):82.
[8]黄国栋,黄强,黄敏,等.砂仁挥发油对胃溃疡黏膜PS2表达的影响及意义[J].山东医药,2009,49(22):27-28.
[9]张明发,沈雅琴.砂仁临床药理作用的研究进展[J].抗感染病学,2013,10(1):8-13.
[10]JAFRI M A,JAVED K,SINGH S.Evaluation of the gastric antiulcerogenic effect of large cardamom(fruits of Amomum subulatum Roxb)[J].Journal of Ethnopharmacology,2001,75(2):89-94.
[11]吴晓松,李晓光,肖飞,等.砂仁挥发油中乙酸龙脑酯镇痛抗炎作用的研究[J].中药材,2004,27(6):438-439.
[12]曾志,席振春,蒙绍金,等.不同品种砂仁挥发性成分及质量评价研究[J].分析测试学报,2010,29(7):701-706.