Ti811合金表面激光熔覆涂层微观组织及性能研究
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摘要
目的研究Ti811合金表面激光熔覆涂层的微观组织及磨损性能。方法利用激光熔覆技术,在Ti811合金表面激光熔覆原位合成了Ti C+Ti B2增强镍基复合涂层。利用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)、电子探针(EPMA)、显微硬度计和摩擦磨损试验机,系统地研究了熔覆层的物相组成、显微组织、显微硬度及摩擦磨损性能,并利用二维点阵错配度理论对Ti C的细化机理进行分析。结果激光熔覆涂层与基体呈良好的冶金结合,熔覆层生成物相主要由Ti C、Ti B2、Ti2Ni和γ-Ni组成,其中Ti C呈等轴枝晶状和花瓣状,Y2O3的(111)面与Ti C的(110)面之间的二维点阵错配度为6.813%,Y2O3作为Ti C的非均质形核核心为中等有效。熔覆层的平均显微硬度为913.93HV0.5,约为基体Ti811硬度的2.4倍。熔覆层摩擦系数稳定在0.45～0.52之间,磨损机理主要为粘着磨损与磨粒磨损。结论采用激光熔覆技术能够在Ti811合金表面成功制备Ni基复合增强涂层。熔覆层中Y2O3颗粒具有细晶强化、弥散强化、增加形核率的作用,熔覆层具有较高的显微硬度与良好的耐磨损性能。
The work aims to study the microstructures and wear resistance of laser cladding coating on Ti811 alloy surface.A Ni-based composite coating reinforced by in situ synthesized TiC and TiB2 was prepared on Ti811 by laser cladding. Phase,microstructure, microhardness and wear resistance of the cladding coating were investigated by X-ray diffraction(XRD), scan-ning electron microscopy(SEM), electron probe microscopic analyzer(EPMA), Vickers hardness tester, and friction wear test-ing machine. Moreover, the refinement mechanism of TiC was also discussed by the two-dimensional lattice misfit theory. Agood metallurgical bonding was formed between the laser cladding coating and substrate, the main phase composition of thecladding coating included TiC, TiB2, Ti2 Ni and γ-Ni, of which TiC was equiaxial dendrite and petal shape, and thetwo-dimensional lattice misfit between the face(001) of Y2 O3 and the face(110) of TiC was 6.813%, which indicated that Y2 O3 as the heterogeneous nuclei of TiC was middle-effective. The average microhardness of the cladding coating was 913.93 HV0.5,about 2.4 times than that of the substrate. The friction coefficient of the cladding coating kept stable between 0.45 and 0.52, andthe main wear mechanisms were adhesive wear and abrasive wear. The Ni-based composite coating can be successfully preparedby laser cladding technology on Ti811 alloy surface. Y2 O3 particles in the cladding coating have the effects to strengthen finecrystal, reinforce dispersion and increase nucleation rate. Meanwhile, microhardness and wear resistance of the cladding coatingare increased dramatically.
The work aims to study the microstructures and wear resistance of laser cladding coating on Ti811 alloy surface.A Ni-based composite coating reinforced by in situ synthesized TiC and TiB2 was prepared on Ti811 by laser cladding. Phase,microstructure, microhardness and wear resistance of the cladding coating were investigated by X-ray diffraction(XRD), scan-ning electron microscopy(SEM), electron probe microscopic analyzer(EPMA), Vickers hardness tester, and friction wear test-ing machine. Moreover, the refinement mechanism of TiC was also discussed by the two-dimensional lattice misfit theory. Agood metallurgical bonding was formed between the laser cladding coating and substrate, the main phase composition of thecladding coating included TiC, TiB2, Ti2 Ni and γ-Ni, of which TiC was equiaxial dendrite and petal shape, and thetwo-dimensional lattice misfit between the face(001) of Y2 O3 and the face(110) of TiC was 6.813%, which indicated that Y2 O3 as the heterogeneous nuclei of TiC was middle-effective. The average microhardness of the cladding coating was 913.93 HV0.5,about 2.4 times than that of the substrate. The friction coefficient of the cladding coating kept stable between 0.45 and 0.52, andthe main wear mechanisms were adhesive wear and abrasive wear. The Ni-based composite coating can be successfully preparedby laser cladding technology on Ti811 alloy surface. Y2 O3 particles in the cladding coating have the effects to strengthen finecrystal, reinforce dispersion and increase nucleation rate. Meanwhile, microhardness and wear resistance of the cladding coatingare increased dramatically.
引文
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[24]王盈,邹兵林,曹学强.Al-Ti-B4C体系熔体内燃烧合成TiC-TiB2颗粒局部增强钢基复合材料[J].金属学报,2014,50(3):367-372.WANG Ying,ZOU Bing-lin,CAO Xue-qiang.Combustion synthesis of TiC-TiB2 particulates locally reinforced steel matrix composites from an Al-Ti-B4C system during casting[J].Acta metallurgica sinica,2014,50(3):367-372.
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[26]ZHAI Y J,LIU X B,QIAO S J,et al.Characteristics of laser cladα-Ti/TiC+(Ti,W)C1-x/Ti2SC+TiS composite coatings on TA2 titanium alloy[J].Optics&laser technology,2017,89:97-107.
[27]王舒,程序,田象军,等.Ti C添加量对激光增材制造MC碳化物增强Inconel625复合材料组织及性能的影响[J].中国激光,2018,45(6):0602002.WANG Shu,CHENG Xu,TIAN Xiang-jun,et al.Effect of TiC addition on microstructures and properties of MCcarbide reinforced Inconel625 composites by laser additive manufacturing[J].Chinese journal of lasers,2018,45(6):0602002.
[2]YANG C Y,CHENG X,TANG H B,et al.Influence of microstructures and wear behaviors of the microalloyed coatings on TC11 alloy surface using laser cladding technique[J].Surface&coatings technology,2018,337:97-103.
[3]WU Y,WANG A H,ZHANG Z,et al.Laser alloying of Ti-Si compound coating on Ti-6Al-4V alloy for the improvement of bioactivity[J].Applied surface science,2014,305:16-23.
[4]ZHANG K M,ZOU J X,LI J,et al.Synthesis of Y2O3particle enhanced Ni/TiC composite on TC4 Ti alloy by laser cladding[J].Transactions of nonferrous metals society of China,2012,22:1717-1823.
[5]张天刚,孙荣禄.Ti811表面原位生成纳米Ti3Al激光熔覆层摩擦磨损性能研究[J].中国激光,2018,45(1):0102002.ZHANG Tian-gang,SUN Rong-lu.Friction wear properties of in-situ nano-Ti3Al laser cladding layer of Ti811[J].Chinese journal of lasers,2018,45(1):0102002.
[6]CHEN T,LIU D,WU F,et al.Effect of CeO2 on microstructure and wear resistance of TiC bioinert coatings on Ti6Al4V alloy by laser cladding[J].Materials,2018,11(1):58.
[7]LI J N,CHEN C Z,ZHANG C F.Effect of nano-CeO2 on microstructure properties of TiC/TiN+n Ti(CN)reinforced composite coating[J].Bulletin of materials science,2012,35(3):399-404.
[8]QU Y H,XING J D,ZHI X H,et al.Effect of cerium on the as-cast microstructure of a hypereutectic high chromium cast iron[J].Materials letters,2008,62(17-18):3024-3027.
[9]韩立影,王存山,冯巧.Y2O3含量对38CrMoAl钢表面激光合金化WC/Ni金属陶瓷组织与性能的影响[J].材料工程,2017,45(3):80-87.HAN Li-ying,WANG Cun-shan,FENG Qiao.Infulence of Y2O3 content on microstructure and properties of laser alloying WC/Ni metal ceramic on 38CrMoAl steel[J].Journal of materials engineering,2017,45(3):80-87.
[10]张光耀,王成磊,高原,等.稀土La2O3对6063Al激光熔覆Ni基熔覆层微观结构的影响[J].中国激光,2014,41(11):1103001.ZHANG Guang-yao,WANG Cheng-lei,GAO Yuan,et al.Effect of rare earth La2O3 on the microstructure of laser cladding Ni-based coatings on 6063 Al alloys[J].Chinese journal of lasers,2014,41(11):1103001.
[11]SONG R,LI J,SHAO J Z,et al.Microstructural evolution and wear behaviors of laser cladding Ti2Ni/α(Ti)dualphase coating reinforced by Ti B and TiC[J].Applied surface science,2015,355:298-309.
[12]MASANTA M,SHARIFF S M,CHOUDHURY A R.Evaluation of modulus of elasticity,nano-hardness and fracture toughness of TiB2-TiC-Al2O3 composite coating developed by SHS and laser cladding[J].Materials science&engineering A,2011,528(16):5327-5335.
[13]XUAN H F,WANG Q Y,BAI S L,et al.A study on microstructure and flame erosion mechanism of a graded Ni-Cr-B-Si coating prepared by laser cladding[J].Surface&coatings technology,2014,244(15):203-209.
[14]WENG F,YU H,CHEN C,et al.Microstructure and property of composite coatings on titanium alloy deposited by laser cladding with Co42+TiN mixed powders[J].Journal of alloys&compounds,2016,686:74-81.
[15]张茂胜.TiC+TiB增强高温钛合金基复合材料的组织和性能研究[D].黑龙江:哈尔滨工业大学,2011.ZHANG Mao-sheng.Research on the microstructure and properties of high temperature titanium alloy matrix composites enhanced by TiC and TiB[D].Heilongjiang:Harbin Institute of Technology,2011.
[16]吴岸琪,刘其斌,孙桂祥,等.Y2O3含量对40Cr钢激光表面合金化组织与性能的影响[J].材料热处理学报,2011,32(9):141-145.WU An-qi,LIU Qi-bin,SUN Gui-xiang,et al.Effect of Y2O3 content on microstructure and properties of laser alloying layer on 40Cr steel[J].Transactions of materials and heat treatment,2011,32(9):141-145.
[17]WENG F,CHEN C Z,YU H J.Research status of laser cladding on titanium and its alloys:A review[J].Materials and design,2014,58:412-425.
[18]BRAMFITT B L.The Effect of carbide and nitride additions on the heterogeneous nucleation behavior of liquid iron[J].Metallurgical transactions,1970,1(7):1987-1995.
[19]YUN X,ZHOU Y F,YANG J,et al.Refinement of nanoY2O3 on microstructure of hypereutectic Fe-Cr-C hard facing coatings[J].Journal of rare earths,2015,58(6):23.
[20]WANG J F,ZUO D W,ZHU L,et al.Effects and influence of Y2O3 addition on the microstructure and mechanical properties of binderless tungsten carbide fabricated by spark plasma sintering[J].International journal of refractory metals&hard materials,2017,71:167-174.
[21]HOU Q Y,HUANG Z Y,GAO J S.Effects of Y2O3 on the microstructure and wear resistance of cobalt-based alloy coatings deposited by plasma transferred arc process[J].Rare metals,2007,26(2):103-109.
[22]马永,朱红梅,孙楚光,等.TC4钛合金表面激光熔覆掺Y2O3复合涂层的显微组织和性能[J].表面技术,2017,46(6):238-243.MA Yong,ZHU Hong-mei,SUN Chu-guang,et al.Microstructure and properties of Y2O3-doped laser cladded composite coating on TC4 titanium alloy[J].Surface technolohy,2017,46(6):238-243.
[23]朱春城,曲伟,张幸红,等.Ti C-TiB2复合材料的研究进展[J].材料导报,2003,17(1):48-50.ZHU Chun-cheng,QU Wei,ZHANG Xing-hong,et al.Process in research on TiC-TiB2 composites[J].Materials review,2003,17(1):48-50.
[24]王盈,邹兵林,曹学强.Al-Ti-B4C体系熔体内燃烧合成TiC-TiB2颗粒局部增强钢基复合材料[J].金属学报,2014,50(3):367-372.WANG Ying,ZOU Bing-lin,CAO Xue-qiang.Combustion synthesis of TiC-TiB2 particulates locally reinforced steel matrix composites from an Al-Ti-B4C system during casting[J].Acta metallurgica sinica,2014,50(3):367-372.
[25]HANSEN N.Hall-Petch relation and boundary strengthening[J].Scripta materialia,2004,51(8):801-806.
[26]ZHAI Y J,LIU X B,QIAO S J,et al.Characteristics of laser cladα-Ti/TiC+(Ti,W)C1-x/Ti2SC+TiS composite coatings on TA2 titanium alloy[J].Optics&laser technology,2017,89:97-107.
[27]王舒,程序,田象军,等.Ti C添加量对激光增材制造MC碳化物增强Inconel625复合材料组织及性能的影响[J].中国激光,2018,45(6):0602002.WANG Shu,CHENG Xu,TIAN Xiang-jun,et al.Effect of TiC addition on microstructures and properties of MCcarbide reinforced Inconel625 composites by laser additive manufacturing[J].Chinese journal of lasers,2018,45(6):0602002.