鸡粪添加木质素对平邑甜茶根区土壤硝酸盐代谢的影响
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摘要
为研究鸡粪和木质素处理对平邑甜茶根区土壤硝酸盐代谢的影响,采用盆栽实验,添加质量分数12.5%鸡粪、12.5%的鸡粪+木质素1.5 g/kg、12.5%的鸡粪+木质素2.5 g/kg的处理,在春、夏、秋三个季节分别取样,分析土壤硝酸盐代谢变化规律。结果表明,施用鸡粪和木质素比单施鸡粪抑制了土壤铵态氮向硝态氮转化的速率,降低了土壤硝化强度,施加木质素越多抑制效果越明显,在各个季节对反硝化强度影响不同。木质素提高了土壤硝酸还原酶和亚硝酸还原酶活性以及土壤铵态氮的含量,降低了土壤硝态氮的含量。施用木质素能明显抑制土壤氮素流失,该研究为木质素的合理应用提供了理论依据。
In order to study the effects of chicken manure and lignin treatment on nitrate metabolism in soil of the root zone of Malus hupehensis Rehd., the changes of nitrate metabolism in soil were analyzed by using pot experiments, with the treatment of adding mass fraction 12.5% chicken manure, 12.5% chicken manure + 1.5 g/kg lignin and 12.5% chicken manure + 2.5 g/kg lignin, sampling in the spring, summer, and autumn. Results showed that the application of chicken manure and lignin inhibited the transformation rate of ammonium nitrogen to nitrate nitrogen in soil compared with single application of chicken manure, reduced the nitrification intensity of soil. The more lignin was applied, the more obvious the inhibitory effect was. And the effect on the denitrification intensity of soil was different in each season. Lignin increased the activity of nitrate reductase and nitrite reductase in soil, as well as increased the content of ammonium nitrogen in soil, and reduced the content of nitrate-nitrogen in soil. The application of lignin could significantly inhibit the loss of nitrogen in soil, which provided a theoretical basis for the rational application of lignin.
In order to study the effects of chicken manure and lignin treatment on nitrate metabolism in soil of the root zone of Malus hupehensis Rehd., the changes of nitrate metabolism in soil were analyzed by using pot experiments, with the treatment of adding mass fraction 12.5% chicken manure, 12.5% chicken manure + 1.5 g/kg lignin and 12.5% chicken manure + 2.5 g/kg lignin, sampling in the spring, summer, and autumn. Results showed that the application of chicken manure and lignin inhibited the transformation rate of ammonium nitrogen to nitrate nitrogen in soil compared with single application of chicken manure, reduced the nitrification intensity of soil. The more lignin was applied, the more obvious the inhibitory effect was. And the effect on the denitrification intensity of soil was different in each season. Lignin increased the activity of nitrate reductase and nitrite reductase in soil, as well as increased the content of ammonium nitrogen in soil, and reduced the content of nitrate-nitrogen in soil. The application of lignin could significantly inhibit the loss of nitrogen in soil, which provided a theoretical basis for the rational application of lignin.
引文
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[25]中野准三.木质素的化学:基础与应用[M].北京:中国轻工业出版社,1988.
[2]齐虹凌,李世永,刘建宾,等.不同有机肥对连作烤烟产质量的影响[J].中国科技博览,2010(36):327-328.
[3]羊小洪.有机肥不同种类和施用时期对景谷县土壤微生物及烤烟产质量的影响[D].长沙:湖南农业大学,2014.
[4]杨帆,李荣,崔勇,等.我国有机肥料资源利用现状与发展建议[J].中国土壤与肥料,2010(4):77-82.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1673-6257.2010.04.017.
[5]刘高峰.有机营养对烤烟生理代谢与品质影响的研究[D].福州:福建农林大学,2006.
[6]王书锋,马静,郑飞.怎样合理施用鸡粪有机肥[J].河北农业,2015 (8):18-19.
[7]王邦芬,张崇玉.不同钝化剂对鸡粪有机肥还田中Cr、Pb的钝化作用[J].山地农业生物学报,2014,33(6):42-47.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1008-0457.2014.06.007.
[8]曹玲,全金英,李忠正.木质素在肥料中的应用[J].中华纸业,1998(2):68-70.
[9]INBAR Y,CHEN Y,HADAR Y,et al.Composting of agricultural wastes for their use as container media:Simulation of the composting process[J].Biological Wastes,1988,26(4):247-259.DOI:10.1016/0269-7483(88)90132-2.
[10]CAMBERATO JJ,GAGNON B,ANGERS D A,et al.Pulp and paper mill by-products as soil amendments and plant nutrient sources[J].Canadian journal of soil science,2006,86(4):641-653.DOI:10.4141/S05-120.
[11]闫丽娟.生物炭对苹果根系及根区土壤硝酸盐代谢的影响[D].泰安:山东农业大学,2014.
[12]张杰.秸秆、木质素及生物炭对土壤有机碳氮和微生物多样性的影响[D].北京:中国农业科学院,2015.
[13]RILEY D,BARBER S A.Salt accumulation at the soybean (Glycine Max.(L.) Merr.) root-soil interface[J].Soil Science Society of America Journal,1970,34(1):154-155.DOI:10.2136/sssaj1970.03615995003400010042x.
[14]杨剑虹,王成林,代亨林.土壤农化分析与环境监测[M].北京:中国大地出版社,2008.
[15]鲍士旦.土壤农化分析 [M].3版.北京:中国农业出版社,2000.
[16]BARNARD R,LEADLEY P W,HUNGATE B A.Global change,nitrification,and denitrification:A review[J].Global Biogeochemical Cycles,2005,19(1):GB1007.DOI:10.1029/2004GB002282.
[17]GILES M,MORLEY N,BAGGS E M,et al.Soil nitrate reducing processes - Drivers,mechanisms for spatial variation,and significance for nitrous oxide production[J].Frontiers in Microbiology,2012(3):407.DOI:10.3389/fmicb.2012.00407
[18]张杰.木质素对土壤中氮素转化及其有效性的影响[D].北京:中国农业科学院,2010.
[19]SIMEK M,COOPER J E.The influence of soil pH on denitrification:Progress towards the understanding of this interaction over the last 50 years[J].European Journal of Soil Science,2002,53(3):345-354.DOI:10.1046/j.1365-2389.2002.00461.x.
[20]郑兰香,鞠兴华.温度和C/N比对生物膜反硝化速率的影响[J].工业安全与环保,2006,32(10):13-15.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1001-425X.2006.10.005.
[21]张桂玲.秸秆和生草覆盖对桃园土壤养分含量、微生物数量及土壤酶活性的影响[J].植物生态学报,2011,35(12):1236-1244.DOI:10.3724/SP.J.1258.2011.01236.
[22]张瑞雪.稻草苫等覆盖对苹果土壤硝酸盐代谢及根系与叶片光合蒸腾的影响[D].泰安:山东农业大学,2016.
[23]张庆忠,陈欣,沈善敏.农田土壤硝酸盐积累与淋失研究进展[J].应用生态学报,2002,13(2):233-238.
[24]张珂,周思毅.造纸工业蒸煮废液的综合利用与污染防治技术[M].北京:中国轻工业出版社,1992.
[25]中野准三.木质素的化学:基础与应用[M].北京:中国轻工业出版社,1988.