黑河干流中游水资源可持续利用多目标规划模型研究
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摘要
研究黑河干流水资源的可持续利用问题,有助于促进中游盆地的科学用水,保障下游区域的生态稳定。黑河干流中游灌区由于过度引水,导致其正义峡下泄量偏离了国家97分水方案的调控目标。以中游盆地张掖、临泽和高台农灌区为主要研究对象,基于多目标多约束方程构建了水资源可持续利用规划模型。模型模拟表明,正义峡下泄量主要受莺落峡径流量、灌区引水量以及黑河大桥-正义峡段地下水溢出量等的影响与控制。模型预测显示,通过灌区节水措施降低灌溉定额,黑河干流水资源可以在支撑中游灌区现状灌溉面积用水量的同时,确保正义峡下泄量达到国家分水方案确定目标。多目标规划模型的研究结论,确立了中游盆地水资源可持续利用的用水方案,该方案将有效解决中游和下游水事矛盾,既可以保障中游人工绿洲经济发展,也可以保护下游生态环境。
The studies of sustainable utilization of water resources help to promote scientific water usage in the middle reaches and protect downstream ecology in the Heihe River Basin. The exploitation in the middle reaches of the Heihe River resulted in the deviation of the discharge of Zhengyixia Gorge from the targets of the'97 national water diversion scheme. In this article,taking the water usage of the Zhangye,Linze and Gaotai irrigation areas as the primary research targets,an optimization programming model for sustainable utilization of water resources is established based on multi-objective and multi-constraint equations. The studies demonstrate that the discharge of Zhengyixia Gorge is mostly affected and controlled by the runoff of Yingluoxia Gorge,the irrigation water volume and the discharge of groundwater from the Bridge to Zhengyixia Gorge. The results show that water resources in the middle reaches of the Heihe River can ensure water consumption for thecurrent irrigation area and simultaneously meet the targets of the '97 national water diversion scheme by decreasing the irrigation quotas through water saving measures,which are the effective measures to solve the water consumption conflicts between the middle reaches and the lower reaches,and are crucial to the protection of artificial oases in the middle reaches and downstream ecology.
The studies of sustainable utilization of water resources help to promote scientific water usage in the middle reaches and protect downstream ecology in the Heihe River Basin. The exploitation in the middle reaches of the Heihe River resulted in the deviation of the discharge of Zhengyixia Gorge from the targets of the'97 national water diversion scheme. In this article,taking the water usage of the Zhangye,Linze and Gaotai irrigation areas as the primary research targets,an optimization programming model for sustainable utilization of water resources is established based on multi-objective and multi-constraint equations. The studies demonstrate that the discharge of Zhengyixia Gorge is mostly affected and controlled by the runoff of Yingluoxia Gorge,the irrigation water volume and the discharge of groundwater from the Bridge to Zhengyixia Gorge. The results show that water resources in the middle reaches of the Heihe River can ensure water consumption for thecurrent irrigation area and simultaneously meet the targets of the '97 national water diversion scheme by decreasing the irrigation quotas through water saving measures,which are the effective measures to solve the water consumption conflicts between the middle reaches and the lower reaches,and are crucial to the protection of artificial oases in the middle reaches and downstream ecology.
引文
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[14]肖生春,肖洪浪,米丽娜.国家黑河流域综合治理工程生态成效科学评估[J].中国科学院院刊,2017,32(1):45-54.[XIAO S C,XIAO H L,MI L N. Scientific assessment on ecological effects of national integrated management project in Heihe river basin[J]. Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences,2017,32(1):45-54.(in Chinese)]
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[2]王文祥,安永会,李文鹏,等.基于环境同位素技术的张掖盆地地下水流动系统分析[J].水文地质工程地质,2016,43(2):25-30.[WANG W X,AN Y H,LI W P,et al. Groundwater flow system analysis of the Zhangye basin based on environmental isotope techniques[J]. Hydrogeology&Engineering Geology,2016,43(2):25-30.(in Chinese)]
[3]程国栋,肖洪浪,傅伯杰,等.黑河流域生态—水文过程集成研究进展[J].地球科学进展,2014,29(4):431-437.[CHENG G D,XIAO H L,FU B J,et al. Advances in synthetic research on the ecohydrological process of the Heihe river basin[J].Advances in Earth Science,2014,29(4):431-437.(in Chinese)]
[4] Wu B,Y Zheng,X Wu,et al. Optimizing water resources management in large river basins with integrated surface water-groundwater modeling:A surrogate-based approach[J]. Water Resour Res,2015, 51:2153-2173. doi:10.1002/2014WR016653.
[5] X Wu, Y Zheng, Wu B, et al. Optimizing conjunctive use of surface water and groundwater forirrigation to address human-nature water conflicts:A surrogate modeling approach[J]. Agric Water Manage,2015,163:1-13.
[6] Nian Y,Li X,Zhou J,et al. Impact of land use change on water resource allocation in the middle reaches of the Heihe River Basin in northwestern China[J]. J Arid Land,2014,6(6):273–286.
[7]钟方雷,徐中民,程怀文,等.黑河中游水资源开发利用与管理的历史演变[J].冰川冻土,2011,33(3):692-701.[ZHONG F L,XU Z M,CHENG H W,et al. The history of water resources utilization and management in the middle reaches of Heihe river[J]. Journal of Glaciology and Geocryoiogy,2011,33(3):692-701.(in Chinese)]
[8]陆志翔,肖洪浪,Wei Yongping,等.黑河流域近两千年人—水—生态演变研究进展[J].地球科学进展,2015,30(3):397-406.[LU Z X,XIAO H L,WEI Y P,et al. Advances in the study on the humanwater-ecology evolution in the past two thousand years in Heihe river basin[J]. Advances in Earth Science,2015,30(3):397-406.(in Chinese)]
[9]肖生春,肖洪浪.两千年来黑河流域水资源平衡估算与下游水环境演变驱动分析[J].冰川冻土,2008,30(5):733-739.[XIAO S C,XIAO H L.Water balance assessment and the lower reaches'water regime processes in Heihe river basin in the last 2000years[J]. Journal of Glaciology and Geocryoiogy,2008,30(5):733-739.(in Chinese)]
[10]白福,李文鹏,刘振英.黑河流域干流地区水资源宏观调控与优化利用[J].水文地质工程地质,2008,35(2):87-91.[BAI F,LI W P,LIU Z Y.The macroscopic control and optimized utilization of water resources in the region of main stream of the Heihe River[J]. Hydrogeology&Engineering Geology,2008,35(2):87-91.(in Chinese)]
[11]孙栋元,伊力哈木,冯省利,等.干旱区内陆河流域地表水地下水联合调度研究进展[J].地理科学进展,2009,28(2):167-173.[SUN D Y,YI LI HA MU,FENG S L,et al. Progress in the study on conjunctive regulation of surface waer and groundwater in arid inland river basins[J]. Progress in Geography,2009,28(2):167-173.(in Chinese)]
[12]龚斌,万力,胡伏生,等.黑河下游额济纳绿洲退化规律及其控制因素[J].水文地质工程地质,2006,33(1):58-61.[GONG B,WAN L,HU F S,et al. Degradation and controlling factors of the Ejina Oasis in the downstream Heihe River[J].Hydrogeology&Engineering Geology,2006,33(1):58-61.(in Chinese)]
[13]杨小泊,王润兰,何爱平.黑河流域生态环境问题社会经济初步分析[J].水文地质工程地质,2007,34(6):100-103.[YANG X B,WANG R L,HE A P. Primary economic and social analysis on the eco-environmental problems in black river basin[J]. Hydrogeology&Engineering Geology,2007,34(6):100-103.(in Chinese)]
[14]肖生春,肖洪浪,米丽娜.国家黑河流域综合治理工程生态成效科学评估[J].中国科学院院刊,2017,32(1):45-54.[XIAO S C,XIAO H L,MI L N. Scientific assessment on ecological effects of national integrated management project in Heihe river basin[J]. Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences,2017,32(1):45-54.(in Chinese)]
[15]李文鹏.西北典型内流盆地水资源调控与优化利用模式——以黑河流域为例[M].北京:地质出版社,2010[LI W P. Water resources regulation and optimal allocation in arid inland basins of northwest China:the case of the Heihe river basin[M].Beijing:Geological Publishing House, 2010.(in Chinese)]
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