武隆区块常压页岩气水平井分段压裂技术
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摘要
渝东南武隆区块页岩气储层水平应力差较大,高角度裂缝及层理缝发育,难以形成复杂体积裂缝,低角度裂缝较难开启,裂缝转向难度大,同时储层为常压储层,要实现经济开发难度较大。为此,在分析武隆区块常压页岩气储层压裂改造技术难点的基础上,以提高裂缝的复杂程度、增大储层改造体积为目标,以滑溜水为压裂液,通过优化射孔簇间距、射孔簇长度和簇间暂堵,提高高应力差异系数下裂缝的复杂程度;采用连续加砂工艺和优化压裂规模,提高裂缝导流能力和保证裂缝在页岩气储层中延伸,形成了适用于武隆区块常压页岩气水平井的分段压裂技术,并在隆页2HF井进行了现场试验,压裂后产气量达9. 4×10~4m~3/d。分析隆页2HF井压裂资料发现,应用该技术可以提高裂缝复杂程度,形成网络裂缝,提高常压页岩气单井产量,从而实现常压页岩气的经济开发。
In-situ horizontal stress differences within shale gas reservoirs in the Wulong Block,southeast Chongqing are large. It is difficult to create complex volumetric fractures for high-angle and bedding fractures,to open low-angle fractures,and to change the fracture extention orientation. In addition,in-situ stress differences make economic development of normal pressure gas reservoir very difficult. Based on the analysis of technical difficulties of normal pressure shale gas in the Wulong Block,it is planned to increase the complexity of the fractures and so as to increase stimulated reservoir volume under high stress difference taking slick water as the fracturing fluid and perforation cluster spacing,perforation cluster length optimization as well as inter-cluster temporary plugging. To improve fractures conductivity and ensure that the fractures extend sufficiently in shale gas reservoirs,a multi-stage fracturing technology suitable for normal pressure shale gas in horizontal well of the Wulong Block has been developed by using continuous gravel filling and optimizing fracturing scale. The technology was successfully applied in Well Longye 2 HF and it resulted in gas production of 9. 4 × 10~4 m~3/d. Based on the fracturing data analysis of Well Longye 2 HF,the application of this technology can improve fracture complexity,form network fractures,and increase individual-well production of normal pressure shale gas well,and realize economic development in normal pressure shale gas.
In-situ horizontal stress differences within shale gas reservoirs in the Wulong Block,southeast Chongqing are large. It is difficult to create complex volumetric fractures for high-angle and bedding fractures,to open low-angle fractures,and to change the fracture extention orientation. In addition,in-situ stress differences make economic development of normal pressure gas reservoir very difficult. Based on the analysis of technical difficulties of normal pressure shale gas in the Wulong Block,it is planned to increase the complexity of the fractures and so as to increase stimulated reservoir volume under high stress difference taking slick water as the fracturing fluid and perforation cluster spacing,perforation cluster length optimization as well as inter-cluster temporary plugging. To improve fractures conductivity and ensure that the fractures extend sufficiently in shale gas reservoirs,a multi-stage fracturing technology suitable for normal pressure shale gas in horizontal well of the Wulong Block has been developed by using continuous gravel filling and optimizing fracturing scale. The technology was successfully applied in Well Longye 2 HF and it resulted in gas production of 9. 4 × 10~4 m~3/d. Based on the fracturing data analysis of Well Longye 2 HF,the application of this technology can improve fracture complexity,form network fractures,and increase individual-well production of normal pressure shale gas well,and realize economic development in normal pressure shale gas.
引文
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[17]张士诚,王世贵,张国良,等.限流法压裂射孔方案优化设计[J].石油钻采工艺,2000,22(2):60-63.ZHANG Shicheng,WANG Shigui,ZHANG Guoliang,et al.Perforation optimization design for operation of limited entry fracturing technology[J].Oil Drilling&Production Technology,2000,22(2):60-63.
[18]周再乐,张广清,熊文学,等.水平井限流压裂射孔参数优化[J].断块油气田,2015,22(3):374-378.ZHOU Zaile,ZHANG Guangqing,XIONG Wenxue,et al.Perforating parameter optimization of limit entry fracturing for horizontal wells[J].Fault-Block Oil&Gas Field,2015,22(3):374-378.
[2]何希鹏,高玉巧,唐显春,等.渝东南地区常压页岩气富集主控因素分析[J].天然气地球科学,2017,28(4):654-664.HE Xipeng,GAO Yuqiao,TANG Xianchun,et al.Analysis of major factors controlling the accumulation in normal pressure shale gas in the southeast of Chongqing[J].Natural Gas Geoscicence,2017,28(4):654-664.
[3]JOHN V,MARK D Z.Hydraulic fracturing,microseismic magnitudes,and stress evolution in the Barnett Shale,Texas,USA[R].SPE 140507,2011.
[4]ISHANK G,CHANDRN R,CARL H S,et al.Rock typing in Eagle Ford,Barnett,and Woodford Formations[R].SPE 189968,2018.
[5]朱彤,曹艳,张快.美国典型页岩气藏类型及勘探开发启示[J].石油实验地质,2014,36(6):718-724.ZHU Tong,CAO Yan,ZHANG Kuai.Typical shale gas reservoirs in USA and enlightenment to exploration and development[J].Petroleum Geology&Experiment,2014,36(6):718-724.
[6]濮御,王秀宇,杨胜来.利用NMRI技术研究致密储层静态渗吸机理[J].石油化工高等学校学报,2017,30(1):45-48.PU Yu,WANG Xiuyu,YANG Shenglai.Research on spontaneous imbibition mechanism of tight oil reservoirs using NMRI method[J].Journal of Petrochemical Universities,2017,30(1):45-48.
[7]秦积舜,李爱芬.油层物理学[M].东营:石油大学出版社,2001.QIN Jishun,LI Aifen.Reservoir physics[M].Dongying:Petroleum University Press,2001.
[8]蔡建超,郁伯铭.多孔介质自发渗吸研究进展[J].力学进展,2012,42(6):735-754.CAI Jianchao,YU Boming.Advances in studies of spontaneous imbibition in porous media[J].Advances in Mechanics,2012,42(6):735-754.
[9]王海涛,蒋廷学,卞晓冰,等.深层页岩压裂工艺优化与现场试验[J].石油钻探技术,2016,44(2):76-81.WANG Haitao,JIANG Tingxue,BIAN Xiaobing,et al.Optimization and field application of hydraulic fracturing techniques in deep shale reservoirs[J].Petroleum Drilling Techniques,2016,44(2):76-81.
[10]LOPEZ B,AGUILERA R.Physics-based approach for shale gas numerical simulation:quintuple porosity and gas diffusion from solid kerogen[R].SPE 175115,2015.
[11]NEGARA A,SALAMA A,SUN S,et al.Numerical simulation of natural gas flow in anisotropic shale reservoirs[R].SPE 177481,2016.
[12]BOSTROM B.Development of a geomechanical reservoir modelling workflow and simulations[R].SPE 124307,2009.
[13]TAKAHASHI S,KOVSCEK A R.Wet ability estimation of lowpermeability,siliceous shale using surface force[J].Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering,2010,75(1/2):33-43.
[14]曾义金,陈作,卞晓冰.川东南深层页岩气分段压裂技术的突破与认识[J].天然气工业,2016,36(1):61-67.ZENG Yijin,CHEN Zuo,BIAN Xiaobing.Breakthrough in staged fracturing technology for deep shale gas reservoirs in SE Sichuan Basin and its implications[J].Natural Gas Industry,2016,36(1):61-67.
[15]李勇明,许文俊,赵金洲,等.页岩储层中水力裂缝穿过天然裂缝的判定准则[J].天然气工业,2015,35(7):49-54.LI Yongming,XU Wenjun,ZHAO Jinzhou,et al.Criteria for judging whether hydraulic fractures cross nature fractures in shale reservoirs[J].Natural Gas Industry,2015,35(7):49-54.
[16]蒋廷学,贾长贵,王海涛,等.页岩气网络压裂设计方法研究[J].石油钻探技术,2011,39(3):36-40.JIANG Tingxue,JIA Changgui,WANG Haitao,et al.Study on network fracturing design method in shale gas[J].Petroleum Drilling Techniques,2011,39(3):36-40.
[17]张士诚,王世贵,张国良,等.限流法压裂射孔方案优化设计[J].石油钻采工艺,2000,22(2):60-63.ZHANG Shicheng,WANG Shigui,ZHANG Guoliang,et al.Perforation optimization design for operation of limited entry fracturing technology[J].Oil Drilling&Production Technology,2000,22(2):60-63.
[18]周再乐,张广清,熊文学,等.水平井限流压裂射孔参数优化[J].断块油气田,2015,22(3):374-378.ZHOU Zaile,ZHANG Guangqing,XIONG Wenxue,et al.Perforating parameter optimization of limit entry fracturing for horizontal wells[J].Fault-Block Oil&Gas Field,2015,22(3):374-378.