考虑空化效应的螺旋槽机械密封液膜动力学特性研究
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摘要
考虑液膜空化效应的影响,研究螺旋槽液体润滑机械密封的动力学特性.基于液体润滑理论和小扰动法,建立了考虑液膜空化的密封微扰膜压控制方程,采用有限单元法对端面液膜三自由度微扰下的液膜刚度和阻尼系数进行了数值求解,分析了不同参数对液膜密封动力系数的影响.螺旋槽深度在10μm左右、槽坝比在0.75左右、槽宽比在0.4左右,螺旋角在9°左右时液膜具有最大的轴向和角向刚度系数.螺旋槽深度在5μm左右、槽宽比在0.6左右、螺旋角在20°左右时,两角向交叉阻尼绝对值最大.初始偏角的存在使密封压力呈现非对称性,从而使两角向动力系数绝对值不再相等.液膜轴向刚度kzz在数量级上远大于其余液膜刚度值,液膜轴向阻尼d_(zz)、角向阻尼d_(αα)和d_(ββ)远大于液膜其余阻尼值且随着转速和间隙的增大而减小.
Considering the cavitation effect in the liquid film, the dynamic characteristics of spiral-grooved liquid lubricated mechanical seal were studied. The perturbation film pressure equations of spiral groove fluid film seal with cavitation effect were presented by the perturbation method based on the liquid lubrication theory. The 3 D stiffness and damping coefficients of the liquid film were numerically solved by the finite element method, and the influence of different parameters on the dynamic coefficients of the liquid film was analyzed. When the groove depth was about 10μm, the groove dam ratio was about 0.75, groove width ratio was about 0.4 and the spiral angle was about 9°, the film gave the maximum axial and angular stiffness coefficients. When the groove depth was about 5 μm, groove width ratio was about 0.6 and the spiral angle was about 20°, the film gave the maximum absolute value of the angular cross damping coefficients. The film pressure was unsymmetrical when the seal rings were misaligned and the cross-angular dynamic coefficients were not equal to each other in the absolute value. The magnitude of the axial stiffness kzz were far greater than the other stiffness values. The axial damping d_(zz) and angular damping d_(αα) and d_(ββ) was far greater than the other damping values and decreased with the increase of the rotational speed and clearance.
Considering the cavitation effect in the liquid film, the dynamic characteristics of spiral-grooved liquid lubricated mechanical seal were studied. The perturbation film pressure equations of spiral groove fluid film seal with cavitation effect were presented by the perturbation method based on the liquid lubrication theory. The 3 D stiffness and damping coefficients of the liquid film were numerically solved by the finite element method, and the influence of different parameters on the dynamic coefficients of the liquid film was analyzed. When the groove depth was about 10μm, the groove dam ratio was about 0.75, groove width ratio was about 0.4 and the spiral angle was about 9°, the film gave the maximum axial and angular stiffness coefficients. When the groove depth was about 5 μm, groove width ratio was about 0.6 and the spiral angle was about 20°, the film gave the maximum absolute value of the angular cross damping coefficients. The film pressure was unsymmetrical when the seal rings were misaligned and the cross-angular dynamic coefficients were not equal to each other in the absolute value. The magnitude of the axial stiffness kzz were far greater than the other stiffness values. The axial damping d_(zz) and angular damping d_(αα) and d_(ββ) was far greater than the other damping values and decreased with the increase of the rotational speed and clearance.
引文
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[16]Xu Hengjie,Song Pengyun,Mao Wenyuan,et al.Analysis of performance of spiral groove dry gas seal considered effects of both real gas and slip flow[J].Journal of Chemical Industry,2017,68(12):4675-4684(in Chinese)[许恒杰,宋鹏云,毛文元,等.考虑氢气实际气体效应和阻塞流效应的螺旋槽干气密封动态特性分析[J].化工学报,2017,68(12):4675-4684].
[17]Hu Songtao,Huang Weifeng,Liu Xiangfeng,et al.Transient response analysis of spiral groove gas face seals under pressure-drop fluctuation[J].Fluid Machinery,2017,45(2):22-27(in Chinese)[胡松涛,黄伟峰,刘向锋,等.螺旋槽干气密封压差扰动下的瞬态特性研究[J].流体机械,2017,45(2):22-27].doi:10.3969/j.issn.1005-0329.2017.02.005.
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[19]Goodwin M J,Ogrodnik P J,Roach M P,et al.Calculation and measurement of the stiffness and damping coefficients for a low impedance hydrodynamic bearing[J].Journal of Tribology,1997,119(1):57-63.doi:10.1115/1.2832480.
[20]Rao T,Sawicki J T.Linear stability analysis for a hydrodynamic journal bearing considering cavitation effects[J].Tribology Transactions,2002,45(4):450-456.doi:10.1080/10402000208982573.
[21]Liu Ming,Jiang Yuanping.Dynamic coefficient analysis of a hydrodynamic journal bearing considering cavitation effects[J].Lubrication and Sealing,2004,(4):69-71(in Chinese)[刘鸣,姜元平.考虑空穴因素的动载滑动轴承动态特性分析研究[J].润滑与密封,2004,(4):69-71].doi:10.3969/j.issn.0254-0150.2004.04.024.
[22]Lin Q,Bao Q,Li K,et al.An investigation into the transient behavior of journal bearing with surface texture based on fluidstructure interaction approach[J].Tribology International,2018,118:246-255.doi:10.1016/j.triboint.2017.09.026.
[23]Zhao H,Choy F K,Braun M J.Dynamic characteristics and stability analysis of a wavy thrust bearing[J].Asle Transactions,2005,48(1):133-139.
[24]Zhang Qinglei,Gao Mengxue,Xu Hua,et al.Theoretical and experimental study on the dynamic characteristics of tilting pad thrust bearing considering excitation frequency[J].Journal of Mechanical Engineering,2014,50(23):50-58(in Chinese)[张青雷,高孟雪,徐华,等.考虑激振频率的可倾瓦推力轴承动特性理论与试验研究[J].机械工程学报,2014,50(23):50-58].
[25]Li C F,Yu H X,Zhou S H,et al.Simulations and experimental investigation on motion stability of a flexible rotor-bearing system with a transverse crack[J].Chinese Journal of Mechanical Engineering,2013,26(6):1194-1203.doi:10.3901/CJME.2013.06.1194.
[26]Liu W,Liu Y,Huang W F,et al.Effect of disturbances on the dynamic performance of a wavy-tilt-dam mechanical seal[J].Tribology International,2013,64(3):63-68.
[27]Yang Wenjing,Hao Muming,Li Zhenao,et al.Analysis of dynamic characteristics of spiral groove liquid film seal considering taper and waviness[J].Journal of Chemical Industry,2016,67(12):5199-5207(in Chinese)[杨文静,郝木明,李振涛,等.考虑锥度及波度的螺旋槽液膜密封动态特性分析[J].化工学报,2016,67(12):5199-5207].
[28]Qiu Y,Khonsari M M.On the prediction of cavitation in dimples using a mass-conservative algorithm[J].Journal of Tribology,2009,131(4):041702.doi:10.1115/1.3176994.
[29]Ma C B,Duan Y J,Yu B,et al.The comprehensive effect of surface texture and roughness under hydrodynamic and mixed lubrication conditions[J].Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers,Part J:Journal of Engineering Tribology,2017,231(10):1307-1319.doi:10.1177/1350650117693146.
[30]Meng X K,Bai S X,Peng X D,et al.Lubrication film flow control by oriented dimples for liquid lubricated mechanical seals[J].Tribology International,2014,77(6):158-163.
[31]Xu Hua,Zhu Jun.Analysis of dynamic performance of spiral seals for liquid[J].Journal of Xi'an Jiaotong University,2004,38(5):474-478(in Chinese)[徐华,朱均.螺旋槽式液体机械密封的动力学性能分析[J].西安交通大学学报,2004,38(5):474-478].doi:10.3321/j.issn:0253-987X.2004.05.009.
[2]Yu Mingbin,Meng Xiangkai,Bai Shaoxian,et al.Analysis of a hydrodynamic face seal with circular grooves on to its surface[J].Lubrication and Sealing,2009,34(9):33-35(in Chinese)[于明彬,孟祥铠,白少先,等.圆弧槽流体动压型机械密封的性能研究[J].润滑与密封,2009,34(9):33-35].doi:10.3969/j.issn.0254-0150.2009.09.008.
[3]Wang Yan,Sun Jianjun,Tao Kai,et al.Numerical analysis of T-groove dry gas seal and groove optimization[J].Tribology,2014,34(4):420-427(in Chinese)[王衍,孙见君,陶凯,等.T型槽干气密封数值分析及槽型优化[J].摩擦学学报,2014,34(4):420-427].
[4]Hu S T,Huang W F,Liu X F,et al.Influence analysis of secondary O-ring seals in dynamic behavior of spiral groove gas face seals[J].Chinese Journal of Mechanical Engineering,2016,29(3):507-514.doi:10.3901/CJME.2016.0327.039.
[5]Lu Jianhua,Sun Jianjun,Chen Wei,et al.Performance comparison of self-pumping and spiral groove mechanical seals[J].Journal of Chemical Industry,2016,67(10):4370-4377(in Chinese)[陆建花,孙见君,陈卫,等.自泵送机械密封与螺旋槽机械密封的性能比较[J].化工学报,2016,67(10):4370-4377].
[6]Ma G,Zhao W,Shen X M.Analysis of parameters and performance for spiral grooved cylindrical gas film seal[J].Procedia Engineering,2011,23(5):115-119.
[7]Hashimoto H,Ochiai M.Optimization of groove geometry for thrust air bearing to maximize bearing stiffness[J].Journal of Tribology,2008,130(3):031101.doi:10.1115/1.2913546.
[8]Wei Chao,Chen Guoming,Luan Zhicun,et al.Optimization on the hydrodynamic groove geometry of rotary seals for automotive transmissions[J].Journal of Beijing Institute of Technology,2016,36(1):25-30(in Chinese)[魏超,陈国明,栾智存,等.车用旋转密封件动压槽型线优化研究[J].北京理工大学学报,2016,36(1):25-30].
[9]Zhou J F,Gu B Q,Chen Y.An improved design of spiral groove mechanical seal[J].Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering,2007,15(4):499-506.doi:10.1016/S1004-9541(07)60115-3.
[10]Blasiak S,Kundera C.A Numerical analysis of the grooved surface effects on the thermal behavior of a non-contacting face seal[J].Procedia Engineering,2012,39:315-326.doi:10.1016/j.proeng.2012.07.037.
[11]Li Zhentao,Hao Muming,Yang Wenjing,et al.Cavitation mechanism of spiral groove liquid film seals[J].Journal of Chemical Industry,2016,67(11):4750-4761(in Chinese)[李振涛,郝木明,杨文静,等.螺旋槽液膜密封端面空化发生机理[J].化工学报,2016,67(11):4750-4761].
[12]Li Zhentao,Hao Muming,Yang Wenjing,et al.Effects of waviness and taper on cavitation characteristics of liquid lubricated mechanical seals[J].Journal of Chemical Industry,2016,67(5):2005-2014(in Chinese)[李振涛,郝木明,杨文静,等.波度和锥度对液体润滑机械密封空化特性影响[J].化工学报,2016,67(5):2005-2014].
[13]Elrod H G.A cavitation algorithm[J].Journal of Tribology,1981,103(3):350-354.
[14]Chen Huilong,Wang Bin,Ren Kunteng,et al.Influence of cavitation thermal effect on lubrication properties of upstream pumping mechanical seal[J].Journal of Chemical Industry,2016,67(10):4334-4343(in Chinese)[陈汇龙,王彬,任坤腾,等.空化热效应对上游泵送机械密封润滑性能的影响[J].化工学报,2016,67(10):4334-4343].
[15]Chen Yuan,Peng Xudong,Li Jiyun,et al.The influence of structure parameters of spiral groove on dynamic characteristics of dry gas seal[J].Tribology,2016,36(4):397-405(in Chinese)[陈源,彭旭东,李纪云,等.螺旋槽结构参数对干气密封动态特性的影响研究[J].摩擦学学报,2016,36(4):397-405].doi:10.16078/j.tribology.2016.04.001.
[16]Xu Hengjie,Song Pengyun,Mao Wenyuan,et al.Analysis of performance of spiral groove dry gas seal considered effects of both real gas and slip flow[J].Journal of Chemical Industry,2017,68(12):4675-4684(in Chinese)[许恒杰,宋鹏云,毛文元,等.考虑氢气实际气体效应和阻塞流效应的螺旋槽干气密封动态特性分析[J].化工学报,2017,68(12):4675-4684].
[17]Hu Songtao,Huang Weifeng,Liu Xiangfeng,et al.Transient response analysis of spiral groove gas face seals under pressure-drop fluctuation[J].Fluid Machinery,2017,45(2):22-27(in Chinese)[胡松涛,黄伟峰,刘向锋,等.螺旋槽干气密封压差扰动下的瞬态特性研究[J].流体机械,2017,45(2):22-27].doi:10.3969/j.issn.1005-0329.2017.02.005.
[18]Lund J W.Review of the concept of dynamic coefficients for fluid film journal bearings[J].Journal of Tribology,1987,109(1):37-41.doi:10.1115/1.3261324.
[19]Goodwin M J,Ogrodnik P J,Roach M P,et al.Calculation and measurement of the stiffness and damping coefficients for a low impedance hydrodynamic bearing[J].Journal of Tribology,1997,119(1):57-63.doi:10.1115/1.2832480.
[20]Rao T,Sawicki J T.Linear stability analysis for a hydrodynamic journal bearing considering cavitation effects[J].Tribology Transactions,2002,45(4):450-456.doi:10.1080/10402000208982573.
[21]Liu Ming,Jiang Yuanping.Dynamic coefficient analysis of a hydrodynamic journal bearing considering cavitation effects[J].Lubrication and Sealing,2004,(4):69-71(in Chinese)[刘鸣,姜元平.考虑空穴因素的动载滑动轴承动态特性分析研究[J].润滑与密封,2004,(4):69-71].doi:10.3969/j.issn.0254-0150.2004.04.024.
[22]Lin Q,Bao Q,Li K,et al.An investigation into the transient behavior of journal bearing with surface texture based on fluidstructure interaction approach[J].Tribology International,2018,118:246-255.doi:10.1016/j.triboint.2017.09.026.
[23]Zhao H,Choy F K,Braun M J.Dynamic characteristics and stability analysis of a wavy thrust bearing[J].Asle Transactions,2005,48(1):133-139.
[24]Zhang Qinglei,Gao Mengxue,Xu Hua,et al.Theoretical and experimental study on the dynamic characteristics of tilting pad thrust bearing considering excitation frequency[J].Journal of Mechanical Engineering,2014,50(23):50-58(in Chinese)[张青雷,高孟雪,徐华,等.考虑激振频率的可倾瓦推力轴承动特性理论与试验研究[J].机械工程学报,2014,50(23):50-58].
[25]Li C F,Yu H X,Zhou S H,et al.Simulations and experimental investigation on motion stability of a flexible rotor-bearing system with a transverse crack[J].Chinese Journal of Mechanical Engineering,2013,26(6):1194-1203.doi:10.3901/CJME.2013.06.1194.
[26]Liu W,Liu Y,Huang W F,et al.Effect of disturbances on the dynamic performance of a wavy-tilt-dam mechanical seal[J].Tribology International,2013,64(3):63-68.
[27]Yang Wenjing,Hao Muming,Li Zhenao,et al.Analysis of dynamic characteristics of spiral groove liquid film seal considering taper and waviness[J].Journal of Chemical Industry,2016,67(12):5199-5207(in Chinese)[杨文静,郝木明,李振涛,等.考虑锥度及波度的螺旋槽液膜密封动态特性分析[J].化工学报,2016,67(12):5199-5207].
[28]Qiu Y,Khonsari M M.On the prediction of cavitation in dimples using a mass-conservative algorithm[J].Journal of Tribology,2009,131(4):041702.doi:10.1115/1.3176994.
[29]Ma C B,Duan Y J,Yu B,et al.The comprehensive effect of surface texture and roughness under hydrodynamic and mixed lubrication conditions[J].Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers,Part J:Journal of Engineering Tribology,2017,231(10):1307-1319.doi:10.1177/1350650117693146.
[30]Meng X K,Bai S X,Peng X D,et al.Lubrication film flow control by oriented dimples for liquid lubricated mechanical seals[J].Tribology International,2014,77(6):158-163.
[31]Xu Hua,Zhu Jun.Analysis of dynamic performance of spiral seals for liquid[J].Journal of Xi'an Jiaotong University,2004,38(5):474-478(in Chinese)[徐华,朱均.螺旋槽式液体机械密封的动力学性能分析[J].西安交通大学学报,2004,38(5):474-478].doi:10.3321/j.issn:0253-987X.2004.05.009.